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GSA Progressive Collapse Design Guidelines Applied to Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings
David N. Bilow, P.E., S.E. and Mahmoud E. Kamara, PhD Portland Cement Association
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Topics
Definition Comparison of DOD & GSA requirements Purpose of PCA study Study procedure Results
Ronan Point
Comparison
Requirement Loads for Static Analysis GSA 2(DL +0.25LL) all bays and floors DOD 2.0(1.2DL + 0.5LL) + 0.2W Adjacent bays & floor above 1.2 DL + 0.5LL for rest of structure 1.2DL + 0.5LL + 0.2W 1.0DL + 0.5LL Linear static, nonlinear static, 7 or nonlinear dynamic
Loads for DL + 0.25LL Dynamic Analysis Upward Loads on Recommended Floor Slabs Method of Analysis Linear static preferred
Comparison
Requirement Material Strength Increase Factor Strength Reduction Factor, GSA 1.25 1 DOD 1.25 specified in ACI 318 Allow plastic hinges & moment redistribution Exterior: 1500 ft or 15% 2 Interior: 3000 ft or 30%
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Acceptance Criteria DCR 6 2.0 for typical structures Maximum Extent of Exterior: 1800 ft 2 Floor Collapse Interior: 3600 ft
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1. Determine how to apply the GSA progressive collapse guidelines. 2. Determine additional reinforcement needed to meet requirements for reinforced concrete frame buildings.
References
General Services Administration Progressive Collapse Analysis and Design Guidelines for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects June 2003 2000 International Building Code ACI 318-99 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
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Study Procedure
1. Design 3 building structures for live, dead, wind, and seismic loads 2. Instantaneously remove selected first floor columns 3. Calculate the alternate path loads per GSA criteria 4. Apply the GSA loads to the structure 5. Determine moments and forces 6. Determine ultimate unfactored member capacity 7. Calculate Demand Capacity Ratios 8. Calculate additional reinforcement
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Building Plan
Number of stories: 12 Bay size in each direction: 24 Typical story height: 12 First story height: 15
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Loads
Floor Live Load = 50 psf Superimposed Dead Load = 30 psf Dead Load Wind Load for 70 MPH Seismic Load - 3 Locations
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Load Combinations
Normal Loading U = 1.4D + 1.7L U = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L+ 1.7W) U = 0.75(1.4D +1.7L +1.1 E)
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Bending Moments
Shear Forces
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Study Results
DC R s Flexure - C orner C olumn Eliminated - B 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DC R 2
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Story
Results
DCRs Flexure - Long Side Column Eliminated B2 12 SDC D 11 10 SDC C 9 SDC A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DCR 2
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Story
Results
DCRs Flexure - Long Side Column Eliminated B27 12 SDC D 11 SDC C 10 SDC A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.00 DCR 2.00
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Story
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DCR for
Column C9 C10 C11 C12
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Story Columns
Seismic Class C X .88 .76 .65 Seismic Class D X .73 .59 .44
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Summary of Results
Item Number Shear All Columns All Beams, Class D All Beams, Class C 55 of 456 Beams, Class A 235 of 456 DCR Value < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 > 2.0 > 2.0 Action None None None Add Rebar Add Rebar
Conclusion
Applying the GSA criteria to prevent progressive collapse for concrete buildings can be accomplished by the structural engineer using readily available software and for little additional construction cost.
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Contact Information
David N. Bilow, P.E., S.E. Portland Cement Association dbilow@cement.org 847-972-9064 847-972-9065 Fax 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, IL 60077
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