INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

BY RASYID LATHIF AMHUDO (D100102007)

CIVIL DEPARTMENT ENGINEERING FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2010

1

PREFACE

By saying grace to Allah S.W.T of abundance of grace and guidance then the process of making this paper can be resolved in a timely manner. Prepared a paper on this integral aims to find deeper about indefinite integral So we are more obvious in studying Integral. for that on this occasion authors e press gratitude to the honorable! ". #ena$s mother who has given the chance% direction% encouragement% and facilities associated with the writing of this paper. &. To friends% who have provided guidance and assistance in writing this paper. '. (arious parties can not mantion one by one author. )opefully all the good deeds that have been given% get a penalty from Almighty *od. The author reali+es that this paper are still many shortcomings and is far from perfect. ,or that advice and constructive criticism so I hoped. )opefully this paper can provide ma imum benefits for writers and anyone who reads% Amen.

Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS

P#-,A.-

ii

TAB/- 0, .01T-1TS

iii

I. 10TATI01 I1T-*#A/ 2 I1T-*#ATI01 I13-,I1IT-

"

II. I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ I1 A/*-B#A ,41.TI01S

&

A. I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ ,0#54/AS T)-0#-5 I1 T)- A/*-B#A

&

B. W0#6 01 I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ I1 A/*-B#A ,41.TI01S

&

III. I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ I1 T#I*0105-T#7 ,41.TI01S

A. T)-0#-5 ,0#54/AS I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ I1 T#I*0105-T#7

B. W0#6 01 I13-,I1IT- I1T-*#A/ T#I*0105-T#7 ,41.TI01S

3

I(. I1T-*#ATI01 WIT) ,0#54/AS I1T-*#A/ S4BTIT4TI01S

(. I1T-*#ATI01 WIT) ,0#54/AS I1T-*#A/ PA#SIA/

<

#-,-#-1.-S

"=

CHAPTER I NOTATION INTEGRAL & INTEGRATION INDEFINITE

If n is any rational number e cept >?"@% then!

n +" dx = n" +C +" x

@ the variable Integration function f > xof

is written

in f > x @ dx named as the integral form of indeterminate function f > x @ of . Indefinite integral of a function f > x@ of
f > x@

is as common functions that are determined by the relationship

dx = F > x@ + C

By definitions! a. b. c. d. e. , > @ called a general integral function and , > @ is , $> @ A f > @ Integral 1ot Sure often called the Anti?derivatives

In a notation f > x@ dx% called the integral sign

. f > @ called the integrands Arbitrary real constants . and is often called the integration constants

CHAPTER II INDEFINITE INTEGRAL IN ALGEBRA FUNCTIONS

Indefinite Integral ,ormulas Theorem In The Algebra 1. (i) (ii) 2. (i)

(ii)

dx = x + C a dx = ax + C ! "(#) $ %(#)& dx = "(#) '# $ %(#) '#

! "(#) ( %(#) & '# ) "(#) '# ( %(#) '#

*. (i) (ii)

#+ '# ) 1#+ '#

" n+ " , -i./ 01.i2+13 +456708 + 1+' + 9 (1 x +c n+" a n+ " ) x + c , -i./ 01.i2+13 +456708 + 1+' + 9 (1 n+"
5

Work 0n Indefinite Integral In Algebra ,unctions - ampleB ,ind indefinite integral in this algebra functionsB 1. 2. *.

C9

dx

8.

> x' "@ dx ' x

&

8 x ' dx
x9 " dx & x

Answer!

a. C 9

d A

9 8+" 9 x + C = x9 + C = x9 + C 8 +" 9
8

So indefinite integral from C 9

dx = x5 + C
"
'

b.

'

dx =

x dx

' 8

' +" 8

x8 +C =

+"

"
; 8

x8 +C =

8 8 x +C ;

8 8 ' x x +C ;
8 x ' dx =

So indefinite integral from

8 8 ' x x +C ;

c.

x9 " dx = & x

> x 9 "@ x & dx = x ' x & dx

" 8 " " " " x x + C = x 86 + +C 8 " 8 x

So indefinite integral from

x9 " " " dx = x 8 + +C 8 x x&

d.

> x' "@ dx = ' x

&

x: &x' +" dx = > x : & x ' + "@ x ' dx x'

= x ' & x = + x 'dx =

" 8 & " " & x x + x +C 8 " &

" 8 " x &x & + C 8 &x

> x' "@ " " dx = x 8 & x +C ' 8 & x& from x
&

So indefinite integral

CHAPTER III INDEFINITE INTEGRAL IN TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS

in defining and designing the rules of indefinite integrals of trigonometric functions% it must be remembered is a derivative of trigonometric functions% as shown in table ".&.

N2 ". &. '. 8. 9. :.

F(#) Sin .os Tan .ot Sec .osec

7

F:(#))"(#) .os ? Sin Sec& ? .osec& Tan . Sec

? .ot . .osec

Table ".&.

by using rules that have indfinite integral f(x) '# ) F(x) $ C indeterminate nature that ,D> @A f> @ and derivative of trigonometry functions in the table ".&.% then the indfinite integral of trigonometry functions can be formulated as follows.

T/72075 F2054318 I+'7"i+i.7 I+.7%013 I+ T0i%2+257.0; 1. 2. *. =. >. ?. C28 # dx = Si+ x + C Si+ # dx = ( C28 x + C S7<2 # dx = T1+ # $ C C287<2 # '# ) ( C2. # $ C T1+ # . S7< # '# ) S7< # $ C C2. # . C287< # '# ) ( C287< # $ C

T/72075 F2054318 I+'7"i+i.7 I+.7%013 I+ T0i%2+257.0; i+ ./7 0437 @10i1637 1+%37 1#$6 1. 2. *. =. >. ?. C28 (1# $ 6) dx = Si+ (1# $ 6) dx = S7<2 (1# $ 6) dx = Si+ (1# $ 6) $ C ( C28 (1# $ 6) $ C T1+ (1# $ 6) $ C

C287<2 (1# $ 6) dx ) ( C2. (1# $ 6) $ C T1+ (1# $ 6) . S7< (1# $ 6) dx ) S7< (1# $ 6) $ C

C2. (1# $ 6) . C287< (1# $ 6) dx ) ( C287< (1# $ 6) $ C

-/707 1 1+' 6 i8 1 0713 +45670 -i./ 190

A20B O+ I+'7"i+i.7 I+.7%013 T0i%2+257.0; F4+<.i2+8 - ampleB ,ind indefinite integral in this trigonometry functionsB a. C >
&

E sin @ d F cos @ d d F tan . Sec @ d E 8@ d

b. C >sin c. C & sec& d. C >sec&

e. C >tan&

Answer!
" ' x cos x + c ' 9

a. C >

&

E sin @ d A C

&

d E C sin

d A

b. C >sin

F cos @ d A C sin

d ? C cos d A ? cos

?sin

Ec

c. C & sec&

d A & C sec&

d A & tan

Ec

d. C >sec&

F tan . Sec @ d A C sec& A tan

d ? C tan . Sec d F sec Ec E '@

e. C >tan&

E 8@ d A C >>tan& A C sec&

E"@E'@ d A C>sec&

d E C ' d A tan

E' Ec

BAB IV INTEGRATION AITH FORMULAS INTEGRAL SUBTITUTIONS

in solving the integral reGuires special techniGues% one of which is to use the integral formula substitution% there are many kinds of integral substitution formula that is used in everyday situations% namely! I+.7%01.i2+8 ./1. <1+ ./7 </1+%7 .2 '77C 8/1C7 "(4) '4 - ample B ,ind this integral functions! a. C >& E 9@< d

10

b.

C >p E G@n d
"

c. C =

x +" > x + & x + :@ &

&

Answer! a. C >& E 9@< d if uA & E9% then

" " du = & % or d A du % & dx

Subtitution & E 9 A u 2 d A & du% then C >& E 9@< d C u< > & du@ A & C u< du
" < " " <+" " "= u +C = u +C C u du A & & < +" &= " "

can be modified Being

so% C >& E 9@< d A

" ( & x + 9)"= + c &=

" du = p %or d A du p % dx "

b. C >p E G@n d if uA p E G%than

then C >p E G@n d can be modified Being C un p du

" " n+" u +C p n +" " = > px + q @ n+" + C p > n + "@ =

Hadi% C >p E G@n d A

" > px + q @ n+" + C p > n +"@

c. C =

"

x +" > x + & x + :@ &

&

d % 5isalkan u A

&

E& E:

maka C" =

du = &x + & dx

%duA >& E &@ d %atau > E "@ d A I du d A u & > du @ =

" & " " > u " @ + C = > x & + & x + :@ " + C & &

x +" > x + & x + :@ &

&

11

C=

"

x +" > x + & x + :@ &

&

& " & " d A L> & >" + &." + :@ @ > & >= + =." + :@ @J

"

"

A L>
"

" " & ' @ + > @J = + "K "& ': ':

A ': Hadi% C =
"

x +" > x + & x + :@ &

&

d A

" ':

BAB IV
INTEGRATIONS WITH PARTIAL INTEGRAL FORMULAS

Suppose u (x) and v (x) each are a function of the varia !e x" then # u dv inte$ration is deter%ined & the re!ationship'

u dv =uv v du

The relationship above shows that the integration is C u dv can be converted to C v du integration% and vice versa.Success or fai!ure of inte$ration usin$ partia! inte$ra!
for%u!a is deter%ined & t(o thin$s' 12

". ".5emilih part dv so that v can immediately be determined through the relationship v A C dv &. C v du should be more easily resolved than with C u dv

.ontoh B ".3engan using partial integral formula% find C Suppose u A % and dv A sin sin d . d can be written as! d % the integral C sin

C C

sin sin

d A u v ? C v du d A >?cos @ ? C >?cos @ d E C cos E sin d E.

A ? cos A ? cos ". C

sin > F M@ d A u v ? C v du A A? >? cos > ? M@@ ? C >? cos > ? M@@ d cos > ? M@E sin > ? M@

So the partial integral C sin > ? M@ d is A ? cos > ? M@E sin > ? M@ &. x
x+ " dx

A u v ? C v du
' ' A x & > x +"@ & & > x +"@ & dx

9 & &N' x > x + "@ x + " > x + "@ & ' 9 N & 13

'

'

A A x & > x + "@ x + " 8 > x + "@ &

' "9 x +" ' "9 x +"

Hadi integral parsialx

x+ " dx adalah

A x & > x + "@ x + " 8 > x + "@ &

)*+*)*,-*S .urce!!" *d(in /." -a!cu!us (ith 0na!&tic 1eo%etri& (+ith *dition)" .rentice23a!! 4nternationa! 4nc." *n$!e(ood -!iffts" 1987. Sartono 5irodi6ro%o" 2000 for hi$h schoo! 7athe%atics vo! 1 to 6" *r!and" /a6arta 2003. (((.$oo$!e.co% (((.it .ac.id (((.sttte!6o%.ac.id (((.u%s!i rar&.co%

14

15