SECTION 4.

- Joint and Solidary Obligations

Art. 1207. The__________________ of two or more____________ or of two or more ____________ in one and
the_______________ ________________ does not_____________ that each_______________ of
the_______________ has a right to______________, or that each one of the________________is_____________
to____________, entire____________ with the _____________. There is a _______________ _______________only
when the____________ ______________ so____________, or when the____________or the_______________ of
the_____________ requires_____________. (1137a)
Art. 1208. If___________ the_____________, or the_____________ or the_____________ of nethe______________
to which the_______________article refers the_____________ does not appear, the____________
or_______________ shall be_______________ to be_______________ into as many______________ as there
are_______________ or_______________, the______________ or_______________being______________ distinct
from one_____________, subject to the_______________ of _____________governing the
_______________of____________. (1138a)
Art. 1209. If the _____________ is ______________, the______________ of the______________ may
be_______________ only by their _____________ _____________, and the_______________ can
be________________ only by______________ against all the _____________. If one of the ________________
should be_______________, the others shall not be ______________for his ____________. (1139)
Art. 1210. The_______________ of an_______________ does not________________ give______________ to
______________.____________ does _____________of itself ________________ ________________. (n)
Art. 1211. __________________may________________ although the ______________and the _______________
may not be ______________ in the same______________ and by the same ______________ and
_________________. (1140)
Art. 1212. ______________one of the _______________ _____________ may do whatever may be _____________
to the others, but not _______________ which may be ______________to the__________________. (1141a)
Art. 1213. A _____________ ______________ ___________ ___________ his rights without the _____________ of
the________________. (n)
Art. 1214. The_____________ may_____________ any one of the ______________ _____________; but if any
___________________, _______________or_______________, has been ______________ by _____________of
____________,________________ should be ___________to______________. (1142a)
Art. 1215. ______________, ___________________,_______________ or_____________ of the ______________,
made by any of the________________ _____________or with any of the _______________ ____________, shall
_______________the _______________, without ________________to the provisions of Article
___________________.
The _____________ who may have _______________any of these________________, as well as he who
_____________the ______________, shall be____________ to the _____________ for the____________ in the
______________ __________________ to them. (1143)
Art. 1216. The_________________ may______________ against any________________of the
solidary______________ or _____________or _____________of them ________________. The
_______________made_____________ one of them shall______________ be an _____________to those which may
_____________be _____________against the _______________, so long as the_____________ has not been
____________ ________.(1144a)
Art. 1217.______________ made by one of the ____________ ___________ ____________ the _____________. If
_____________or ____________ solidary debtors offer to___________, the ____________may_____________
which offer to____________.
He who made the_____________ may _____________ from his _______________ only the share which
____________ to ___________, with the_______________ for the _______________already made. If the

____________is made before the _____________is ______________, no ___________for the______________

___________may be_____________.
When _____________of the _______________ _____________ cannot, because of his __________________,
_____________ his share to the ____________ ___________ the______________, such share shall
be______________ by all his _________________, in _______________ to the _____________of ____________.
(1145a)
Art. 1218. ______________by a ________________ ________________shall not _______________him
to__________________ from his ___________________ if such ______________is made after the
___________________has__________________or become___________________. (n)
Art. 1219. The__________________ made by the________________ of the share which______________ one of
the______________________ debtors does not release the__________________ from his _______________towards
the _______________, in case the___________ had been ______________ _______________ by anyone of them
before the ____________ was _____________. (1146a)
Art. 1220. The ______________of the______________ ___________, obtained by one of the
______________debtors, does ____________ ____________ him to_______________ from his ______________. (n)
Art. 1221. If the thing has been_______________ or if the_______________ has become_________________
____________ the ___________of the _______________debtors, the______________ shall be _________________.
If _____________was________________on the _____________of any one of____________, all shall be
__________________ to the _____________, for the______________ and the____________ of ___________ and
_____________, without_______________ to their _______________ against the______________ or ____________
debtor.
If through a _______________________ _________________, the thing is_____________ or the_______________
has become ________________after one of the _______________ _______________has ______________ in
______________through the _______________ or _________________demand upon him by the ______________,
the ____________of the____________ paragraph shall_____________. (1147a)
Art. 1222. A ________________ ______________ may, in _______________filed by the_______________,
______________ _____________of all_______________ which are______________ from the _______________of
the _______________ and of those which are____________ to him, or _____________to his _____________
___________. With ______________ to those which__________________ _____________ to the others, he
may___________ himself thereof only as _______________ that part of the____________ for which the
________________ are ______________. (1148a)
SECTION 5. - _______________ and _____________ Obligations
Art. 1223. The _____________ or _____________ of the things that are the object of ______________ in which
there is only one_____________ and only one _____________ does not_______________ or ______________ the
provisions of ____________ of this Title. (1149)
Art. 1224. A ______________ _____________ obligation gives rise to ______________for _______________ from
the ______________ anyone of the________________ does not _____________ with his ______________.
The_____________ who may have been ready to _____________their _____________shall not ________________
to the ______________ beyond the _____________ ______________ of the ________________ of the
_____________ or of the ______________ of the______________ in which the ______________ consists. (1150)
Art. 1225. For the _________________ of the ____________ articles, ______________to give ________________
______________ and those which are not ____________ of partial ______________ shall be ______________ to be
_________________.
When the ______________has for its _______________the _____________of a _____________ ____________ of
____________of ____________, the _______________of work by _______________ _______________, or
____________ ________________which by their nature are ____________ of ____________performance, it shall

be _________________.
However, even though the ____________ or ______________may be ______________ ____________, an
________________ is _______________ if so provided by_____________ or _________by the ___________.
In ______________ not to do, _____________ or __________ shall be _____________ by the character of the
_____________in each ___________ case. (1151a)
SECTION 6. - _______________ with a _____________ ________________
Art. 1226. In ____________ with a _____________ clause, the ________________ shall substitute the
_______________ for _____________ and the_____________ of ____________ in case of ________________, if
there is no ______________ to the______________. Nevertheless, ____________ shall be____________ if the
_____________ ___________to pay the ________________or is _________________ of ____________ in the
______________ of the ___________________.
The _______________may be __________________only when it is ______________in accordance with the
_______________of this Code. (1152a)
Art. 1227. The _____________ cannot ______________ himself from the _______________ of the obligation by
_______________ the _______________, _______________ in the case where this right has been_____________
______________for him. _____________ can the ______________ ______________ the _____________ of the
obligation and the ___________ of the __________ at the same time, unless this right has been _____________
_____________ him. However, if after the______________ has_______________ to ___________ the
_______________ of the obligation, the ________________ thereof should become ___________ without his fault,
the_____________ may be _________________. (1153a)
Art. 1228._______________ of ______________ ______________ suffered by the creditor is not necessary in order
that the_______________ may be ________________. (n)
Art. 1229. The ________________ shall ___________ _______________ the _____________ when the
_________________ obligation has been _____________ or ______________ complied with by the
______________. Even if there has been ________ __________________, the _____________ may also be
______________ by the _____________ if it is ______________ or _______________. (1154a)
Art. 1230. The ____________ of the _____________ ______________- does not carry with it that of the
_______________ obligation.
The ______________ of the _______________ obligation ____________ with it that of the ___________
___________. (1155)
CHAPTER 4
________________ OF OBLIGATIONS
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Art. 1231. Obligations are ______________:
(1) By ______________ or _______________:
(2) By the ____________ of the__________________ _______________:
(3) By the ________________ or ______________ of the ___________________;
(4) By the _______________ or ____________of the __________ of ______________and ___________;
(5) By _______________________;
(6) By___________________.

Other causes of ______________ of ____________, such as _____________,_____________, fulfillment of a

______________ _____________, and _____________, are______________ elsewhere in this Code. (1156a)
SECTION 1. -________________ or_________________
Art. 1232. _____________ means not only the ____________of ____________ but also the ____________-, in any
other_____________, of an_______________. (n)
Art. 1233. A____________ shall not be_____________ to have been _______________unless the _____________or
______________ in which the _______________ consists has been ______________ _______________ or
________________, as the case may be. (1157)
Art. 1234. If the_______________has been______________ performed in___________ _____________ , the
_______________may ______________as though there had been a ______________and _______________
____________, less __________ suffered by the____________. (n)
Art. 1235. When the_______________ accepts the ______________,_____________ its ______________ or
_______________, and without ______________any______________ or ______________, the obligation is
_________________ fully____________________ with. (n)
Art. 1236. The_____________ is not_____________ to accept_______________ or _______________ by a
______________ ___________ who has _________ ___________ in the ____________of the ____________,
___________ there is a _____________to the________________.
_______________ ______________ for______________ may _____________ from the ____________ what he has
______________, except that if he ____________without the _____________ or ____________ the ___________ of
the debtor, he can ____________ only ________________ as the _______________has been _______________ to
the debtor. (1158a)
Art. 1237. ________________ pays on_____________ of the____________ without the_____________ or against
the_____________ of the_________, cannot______________ the _____________to _____________-him in his
____________, such as those _________________ from a____________,______________, or ____________.
(1159a)
Art. 1238. ________________ made by a ____________ _____________ who does not _____________-to be
_______________ by the debtor is ___________ to be a ______________, which requires the____________
______________. But the _____________is in any case____________ as to the ________________who has
________________ it. (n)
Art. 1239. In______________ to ______________,______________ made by_____________- who does not have the
__________________ ______________ of the thing ____________and___________ to ____________ it shall not be
______________, without______________- to the provisions of Article ____________under the Title on
___________ ____________.(1160a)
Art. 1240. ______________ shall be ____________to the ____________in whose favor the obligation has been
______________, or his_____________ in _______________, or any person____________ to_______________ it.
(1162a)
Art. 1241.________________ to a ___________ who is__________________ to______________ his property shall
be __________________ if he has kept the thing _____________, or ________ as the __________-has
been_____________________ to him.
______________ made to a _____________ _____________ shall also be ____________ insofar as it has
_______________ to the benefit of the ______________. Such benefit to the ___________ need not be proved in
the following cases:
(1) If after the ____________, the _____________person acquires the______________ rights;
(2) If the ____________ _____________ the ______________ to the ______________ ______________;

(3) If by the_______________ ____________, the _______________ has been ______________ to believe that the
______________ ____________ had authority to____________ the ______________. (1163a)
Art. 1242.____________ made in _______________ ____________ to any person in _____________ of the
________________ shall ____________ the debtor. (1164)
Art. 1243. _______________ made to the ______________ by the ______________ after the latter has been
______________ _______________ to ________________the __________shall not be ______________. (1165)
Art. 1244. The____________ of a thing ______________ ______________ the ______________ to receive a
____________ one, although the___________ may be of the _____________value as, or more _____________than
that ______________ is _________________.
In ________________ to do or not to____________, an act or________________ cannot be_____________- by
______________ act or _______________ against the _____________ ______________. (1166a)
Art. 1245. ______________ in ______________, whereby_________ is _____________ to the ___________in
_____________ of a debt in_____________, shall be governed by the ____________ __________ _______. (n)
Art. 1246. When the obligation ____________ in the delivery of an __________or ___________ thing, whose
____________ and_____________ have not been ___________, the ____________ ___________ ____________ a
thing of ____________ ____________. Neither can the ____________ deliver a thing of ____________quality. The
purpose of the ______________ and other circumstances shall be taken into ______________. (1167a)
Art. 1247. _____________it is otherwise ____________, the _________________ ____________ required by the
_______________ shall be for the account of the _____________. With regard to ______________ _____________,
the _____________ ___________ ___________ shall ______________. (1168a)
Art. 1248. _____________ there is an _______________ stipulation to that effect, the ___________ cannot be
_____________ ____________ to receive the______________ in which the obligation consists. Neither may
the_____________ be required to make ______________ _______________.
However, when the _____________ is in part _____________and in part ________________, the creditor may
______________and the debtor may ______________the payment of the ________________without
______________ for the______________ of the ________________. (1169a)
Art. 1249. The ______________ of_____________ in _____________ shall be made in the____________
___________________, and if it is not ____________ to deliver such ________________, then in the
_______________which is _____________ _____________in the ________________.
The ______________ of ____________ _____________ payable to ___________, or ____________ of
_______________ or other _____________ documents shall _______________ the effect of ___________ only
when they have been _____________, or when _______________ the _______________ of the creditor they have
been ___________________.
In the ______________, the action ____________ from the ______________ obligation shall be________ in the
_______________. (1170)
Art. 1250. In case an ____________ _____________ or _____________ of the _____________ stipulated should
____________, the _____________of the __________ at the time of the _____________ of the _______________
shall be the basis of _____________, unless there is an _____________ to the _____________. (n)
Art. 1251. _______________ shall be ____________ in the place _____________ in the ________________--.
There __________ __________ express ______________ and if the _____________ is to deliver a ___________
thing, the ____________ shall be_____________ wherever the thing ____________ be at the moment the
____________ was _______________.

In any other ____________ the____________ of ______________ shall be the______________ of

the____________.
If the ____________ changes his_____________ in__________ __________or after he has ___________in delay,
the _____________ ____________ shall be _____________by him.
These ______________ are without _______________to venue under the Rules of _____________. (1171a)
SUBSECTION 1. - ___________ of ________________
Art. 1252. He who has____________ debts of the __________ kind in ___________ of one and the same
______________, may declare at the time of___________ the ____________, to which of them the same must be
____________. Unless the parties so __________, or when the application of __________ is made by
the______________ for whose ______________ the term has been _______________, application shall not be
made as to_____________ which are not yet _____________-.
If the __________ __________from the creditor a __________in which an _____________of the ____________ is
made, the ____________ cannot ____________of the same, unless there is a cause for ______________ the
contract. (1172a)
Art. 1253. If the debt produces _____________, payment of the ______________ shall not be deemed to have
been _____________ until the _____________- have been _______________. (1173)
Art. 1254. When the ______________ cannot be ____________ in accordance with the preceding rules, or if
application can not be ___________from other _____________, the debt which is most ____________ to the
_______________, among those_____________, shall be deemed to have been ______________.
If the ___________ ______________ are of the same _____________ and _____________, the payment shall be
______________ to all of them ________________. (1174a)
SUBSECTION 2. - ______________ by______________
Art. 1255. The__________ may_________ or _____________ his property to his ____________ in payment of his
debts. This ____________, unless there is ______________to the ____________, shall only release the
______________ from responsibility for the ______________ ____________ of the thing ___________. The
__________ which, on the effect of the ______________, are made ____________the debtor and his ___________
shall be governed by _______________. (1175a)