1

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (1)

Question 1

Consider the point (1, 0, 0) convert it into cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

Solution

Here the po int is in the cartesian cordinates

x =1 y=0 z=0
here
r = x 2 + y 2 = 12 + 02 = 1
y 0
θ = tan −1 ( ) = tan −1 ( ) = tan −1 (0) = 0
x 1
z=0
so po int in the cyclinderical coordinates is
(1,0,0)
now in sphercal coordinates
we have
ρ = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 12 + 02 + 02 = 1 = 1

 y 0
tan θ =   ⇒ θ = tan −1 ( ) = 0
x 1
z
φ = cos −1 ( )
x2 + y 2 + z 2
0 π 
= cos −1 ( ) = cos −1 (0) =  
1 2
π
so the po int is (1,0, )
2
 2

Question 2

By considering different path of approach, show that the function has no limit as ( x, y ) → (0,0)

x2
f ( x, y ) = 2
x −y

Solution

x2
f ( x, y ) = 2
x −y
here we check along the path
y = kx 2
x2 x2 1
lim ( x , y )→(0,0) ( 2 ) = lim x→0 ( 2 ) =
along y = kx 2 x − y x − kx 2 1 − k
k ≠1

here we will get different lim its for different values of k so

lim it does not exist

Question 3
x3 − y 3
z = ln( 2 )
Find the partial derivative w.r.t x and y for the function x + y2

Solution
 3
x −y3 3
z = ln( )
x2 + y 2
here we can have
z = ln( x 3 − y 3 ) − ln( x 2 + y 2 )
now taking partial derivative w.rt x we will have
∂z 3x 2 2x
= 3 −
∂x x − y 3 x 2 + y 2
∂z 3 y2 2y
= 3 −
∂y x − y 3 x 2 + y 2
 4

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (2)

Question 1

∂w ∂w
Find and when r = 1 and s = −1 if w = ( x + y + z ) 2
∂r ∂s
where x = r − s , y = cos(r + s ) , z = sin(r + s )

Solution
we have the following formulae
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
= + +
∂r ∂x ∂r ∂y ∂r ∂z ∂r
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
= + +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
w = ( x + y + z)2
∂w
= 2( x + y + z )
∂x
∂w
= 2( x + y + z )
∂y
∂w
= 2( x + y + z )
∂z

∂x ∂y ∂z
=1 = − sin(r + s ) = cos(r + s )
∂r ∂r ∂r
∂x ∂y ∂z
= −1 = − sin(r + s ) = cos(r + s )
∂s ∂s ∂s
 5

∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
= + +
∂r ∂x ∂r ∂y ∂r ∂z ∂r
= 2[ x + y + z ](r − s ) + 2[ x + y + z ] − sin(r + s ) + 2[ x + y + z ]cos(r + s )
= 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)](1)
+ 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)]sin(0)
+ 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)]cos(0)
= 6 + 0 + 6 = 12
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
= + +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
= 2[ x + y + z ](−1) + 2[ x + y + z ] − sin(r + s ) + 2[ x + y + z ]cos(r + s )
= 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)](−1)
+ 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)] − sin(0)
+ 2[1 + 1 + sin(0) + cos(0)]cos(0)
= −6 + 0 + 6 = 0

Question 2

Verify that ( a × b ).c = (b × c ).a = (c × a ).b and find the volume of the parallelepiped

determined by a , bandc where a = i + j − 2 k b = − i − k c = 2 i + 4 j − 2 k

Solution
 6















a , bandc where a = i + j − 2k b = − i − k c = 2i + 4 j − 2k
here we have










(a × b ).c = (b × c ).a = (c × a ).b
1 1 −2




(a × b ).c = −1 0 −1
2 4 −2
0 −1 −1 −1 −1 0
=1 −1 −2
4 −2 2 −2 2 4
= 1(0 + 4) − 1(2 + 2) − 2(−4 − 0)
= 4−4+8 =8
−1 0 −1




(b × c ).a = 2 4 −2
1 1 −2
4 −2 2 −2 2 4
= −1 −0 −1
1 −2 1 −2 1 1
= −1(−8 + 2) − 0 − 1(2 − 4)
= 6−0+2 =8
2 4 −2




(c × a ).b = 1 1 −2
−1 0 −1
1 −2 1 −2 1 1
=2 −4 −2
0 −1 −1 −1 −1 0
= 2(−1 + 0) − 4() − 1(2 − 4)
= 6−0+2 =8
the volume of the parallelopiped is
volume = 8

Question 3
 7
Find the derivative of





f ( x, y, z ) = x3 − xy 2 − z at P0 (1,1,0) in the direction of a = 2i − 3 j + 6k

Solution

f ( x, y, z ) = x − xy − z at P0 (1,1,0) in the direction of a = 2i − 3 j + 6k ;
3 2

f x ( x, y , z ) = 3 x 2 − y 2
f y ( x, y, z ) = −2 xy
f z ( x , y , z ) = −1
at P0 (1,1,0)
f x ( x, y , z ) = 3 − 1 = 2
f y ( x, y, z ) = −2
f z ( x , y , z ) = −1
now





a = 2i − 3 j + 6 k


| a |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7




2i − 3 j + 6 k
aɺ =
7




∆f = 2i − 2 j − k




2i − 3 j + 6 k



Du f ( x, y , x) = ( ).(2i − 2 j − k )
7
4+6−6 4
= =
7 7
 8

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (3)

Question 1

If f ( x) = x 2 + 2 x , x0 = 0, dx = 0.1 then find

(a) The change ∆f = f ( x0 + dx) − f ( x0 )

(b) The value of the estimate df = f '( x0 )dx

(c) The approximate error ∆f − df

Solution

here f ( x) = x 2 + 2 x
x0 = 0 dx = 0.1
(a ) ∆f = f ( x0 + dx) − f ( x0 )
= [(0.1)2 + 2(0.1)] − 0
= (0.1)2 + 0.2 = 0.21
df ( x)
(b ) = x2 + 2 x
dx
 9
df = (2 x + 2)dx
at x0
= [(2 × 0 + 2)][0.1]
= 0.2
(c )
Now
∆f − df
= 0.21 − 0.2 = 0.01

Question 2

If f ( x, y ) = 2 xy − 5 x 2 − 2 y 2 + 4 x + 4 y − 4 find all the local maxima, local minima, and saddle

points of the function .

Solution

f ( x, y ) = 2 xy − 5 x 2 − 2 y 2 + 4 x + 4 y − 4
now we calculate the partial derivatives w.r.t x
f x = −10 x + 2 y + 4 (1)
f y = 2 x − 10 y + 4 (2)
now by 1× (1) and 5× (2)
−10 x + 2 y + 4 = 0
10 x − 20 y + 20 = 0
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−18 y + 24 = 0
 10
4
y=
3
now for x
−10 x + 2 y + 4 = 0
4
−10 x + 2( ) + 4 = 0
3
8 2
−10 x = −4 − =
3 3
2 4
so the po int is ( , )
3 3
f xx = −10
f yy = −4
f xy = 2
now
D = f xx f yy − f 2 xy
= (−10)(−4) − 4 = 36 > 0
and f xx > 0
so local max ima
 11

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (4)

Question 1

Find the volume of the prism whose base is the triangle in xy-plane bounded by the x-axis and the
lines y=x and x=1 and whose top lies in the plane.
z = f ( x, y ) = 3 − x − y

Solution
here
1 x
V = ∫ ∫ (3 − x − y )dydx
0 0
1
y2 x
= ∫ [3 y − xy − ]0 dx
0
2
1
x2
= ∫ ([3 x − x − ] − [0])dx
2

0
2
1
3x 2
= ∫ [3 x − ]dx
0
2
3x 2 x3 1
=[ − ]0
2 3
3 1
= [ − ] =1
2 2

Question 2

2 0 4 x

Evaluate the integral

∫∫
0 x −4
2
dydx + ∫
0 0
∫ dydx

Solution
 12
2 0 4 x

∫∫
0 x 2 −4
dydx + ∫
0 0
∫ dydx
2 4
= ∫ [ y] 0
x 2 −4
dx + ∫ [ y ]0 x
0 0
2 4
= ∫ [0 − ( x − 4)] dx + ∫ [ x ]dx
2

0 0
2 4
= ∫ [(4 − x 2 )] dx + ∫ [ x ]dx
0 0
3
3 2
x 2 x 4
= (4 x − )0 + ( )0
3 3/ 2
3
3 2
x 2 x 4
= (4 x − )0 + ( )0
3 3/ 2
8 8
= (8 − ) + ( )
3 3/ 2
8 16
= [8 − + ]
3 3
32
=
3
 13

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (5)

Question 1

1 1− x 2

∫ ∫ dxdy
Change the Cartesian integral into polar integral and solve −1 − 1− x 2

Solution

1 1− x 2

∫ ∫
−1 − 1− x 2
dxdy

Chnaging int o polar coordinates we will change

dxdy = rdrdθ
As it is circle of radius 1 so the lim its of the int egration will be
r = 0,1 and θ = 0, 2π
so the int egral changes int o
2π 1
= ∫ ∫ rdrdθ
0 0

int egrating w.r.t r we will have

2π 1
r2
= ∫ dθ
0
2 0
2π
12 02
= ∫ − dθ
0
2 2

2π
12 02
= ∫ − dθ
0
2 2
 14

2π
1
= ∫ dθ
0
2
int egrating w.r.t theta
2π
1 1
= θ = (2π ) − 0 = π
2 0 2

Question 2

a a 2 − x2
Solve the integral by changing into polar coordinates ∫ ∫
− a − a2 − x2
dxdy

Solution

a a 2 − x2

∫ ∫
− a − a 2 − x2
dxdy

Chnaging int o polar coordinates we will change

dxdy = rdrdθ
As it is circle of radius 1 so the lim its of the int egration will be
r = 0, a and θ = 0, 2π
so the int egral changes int o
2π a
= ∫ ∫ rdrdθ
0 0

int egrating w.r.t r we will have

2π a
r2
= ∫ dθ
0
2 0
2π
a 2 02
= ∫ − dθ
0
2 2

2π
a 2 02
= ∫ − dθ
0
2 2
 15

2π
a
= ∫ dθ
0
2
int egrating w.r.t theta
2π
a a
= θ = (2π ) − 0 = aπ
2 0 2

Question 3

Solve the initial value problem for r as a function of t

dr

differential equation
= −ti − tj − tk initial condition r (0) = −ti + 2 j + 3k
dt

Solution

dr

differential equation
= −ti − tj − tk initial condition r (0) = −ti + 2 j + 3k
dt





dr = [−ti − tj − tk ]dt
taking int egral on both sides





r = ∫ [−ti − tj − tk ]dt

−t 2
−t 2
−t 2

r= i− j− k +c
2 2 2
now the given initial condition is





r (0) = −ti + 2 j + 3k




c = −ti + 2 j + 3k

−t 2
−t 2
−t 2




r= i− j− k − ti + 2 j + 3k
2 2 2

−t 2
−t 2
−t 2

r =( − t )i − ( − 2) j − ( − 3)k
2 2 2
 16

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (6)

Question 1

1 1
Ιf dz = 2 cos ydx + ( − 2 x sin y )dy + dz
y z
Show that it is an exact differential

Solution

1 1
dz = 2 cos ydx + ( − 2 x sin y )dy + dz
y z
1 1
M = 2 cos y N = − 2 x sin y P=
y z
∂M ∂N
= −2sin y =
∂y ∂y
∂N ∂P
=0 =
∂z ∂y
∂P ∂M
=0 =
∂x ∂z

Hence all the above mentioned partial derivatives are equal so it is an exact differential.

Question 2

Use Line integral to evaluate

I = ∫ {( x3 + 2 y 2 )dx + x 2 y 2 dy} from Ο(0, 0) toA (2, 0) along the line y = 0 and
then form (2, 0) to (2, 4) along the line x = 2

Solution
 17
I = ∫ {( x + 2 y )dx + x y dy}
3 2 2 2

now first along the line y = 0 , dy = 0

the lim its of x = 0, 2
so int egral becomes
I = ∫ {( x3 + 2 y 2 )dx + x 2 y 2 dy}
2
I = ∫ {( x3 + 2.0)dx + x 2 y 2 0}
0
2
I = ∫ x3dx
0

x4 2
I =| |0
4
16
= =4
4
now first along the line x = 2 , dx = 0
the lim its of x = 0, 4
so int egral becomes
I = ∫ {( x3 + 2 y 2 )dx + x 2 y 2 dy}
4
I = ∫ {( x3 + 2 y 2 )0 + 4 y 2 dy}
0
4
I = ∫ 4 y 2 dy
0

4 y3 4
I =| |0
3
4.43 256
= =
3 3

Question 3

I = ∫ {3 x3 ydx + 2 x3 y 2 dy} between O(0,0) and A(3,5)

(a) along c1 i.e y = x 2
Evaluate (b) along c2 i.e y = 2 x
(c) along c3 i.e x = 0 from (0, 0) to (0,5) y = 5 from (0,5) to (3,5)
 18
Solution

I = ∫ {3 x3 ydx + 2 x3 y 2 dy} between O(0,0) and A(3,5)

(a) along c1 i.e y = x 2
here y = x 2 , dy = 2 xdx lim its of x = 0,3
I = ∫ {3 x3 ydx + 2 x3 y 2 dy}
3
= ∫ {3 x3 .x 2 dx + 2 x 3 ( x 2 ) 2 2 xdx}
0
3
= ∫ {3 x5 dx + 2 x3 .x 4 2 xdx}
0
3
= ∫ {3 x5 dx + 4 x8 dx}
0
3 3
= ∫ 3x dx + ∫ 4 x8 dx
5

0 0

3x 3 4 x9 3
6
= |0 + |0
6 9
729 19638
= 3[ ] + 4[ ] = 9112.5
6 9
(b) along c2 i.e y = 2 x
I = ∫ {3 x3 ydx + 2 x3 y 2 dy}
3
= ∫ {3 x3 .2 xdx + 2 x 3 (2 x) 2 2dx}
0
3
= ∫ {6 x 4 dx + 2 x3 .4 x 2 .2dx}
0
3
= ∫ {6 x 4 dx + 16 x5 dx}
0
 19

3 3
= ∫ 6 x 4 dx + ∫ 16 x5 dx
0 0

6 x 3 16 x 6 3
5
= |0 + |0
5 6
243 729
= 6[ ] + 16[ ] = 243 + 8[243] = 2235.6
6 6
(c) along c3 i.e x = 0 from (0, 0) to (0,5) y = 5 from (0,5) to (3,5)
Along x = 0
I =0
along y = 5 , dy = 0
∫ {3x ydx + 2 x y dy}
3 3 2

3
x4 3 81 1215
∫ 3x 5dx = 15 |0 = 15. = = 303.5
3

0
4 4 4
 20

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (7)

Question 1

If I = ∫ {( y − x )dx + ( x + y )dy} Use Green’s theorem to evaluate the integral where

2 2 2 2

C: the triangle bounded by y=0, x=3 and y=x

Solution

F = ( y 2 − x 2 )i + ( x 2 + y 2 ) j
here
M = y 2 − x2 N = x2 + y 2
∂M = 2 y ∂N = 2 x
∂y ∂x
now green ' s theorem states that
∂N ∂M
∫ {Pdx + Qdy} = ∫∫R ( ∂x − ∂y )dydx
3 x
= ∫ ∫ (2 x − 2 y )dydx
0 0
3
y2 x
= ∫ {2 xy − 2 }0 dx
0
2
3
= ∫ {2 xy − y 2 }0x dx
0
 21

3
= ∫ {2 xy − y 2 }0x dx
0
3
= ∫ {2 x 2 − x 2 }dx
0
3
= ∫ x 2 dx
0

1
= [ x3 ]30
3
1
= [ x3 ] = 9
3

Question 2

xyz
−1 z


Evaluate the curl F and div F F ( x , y , z ) = ln xi + e j + tan ( ) k
x

Solution

F ( x, y, z ) = ln xi + e xyz j + tan −1 ( z )k
x
∂
∂
∂



div F = ( i + i + i ).(ln xi + e xyz j + tan −1 ( z )
∂x ∂y ∂z x
1 1 1
= + xze xyz + 2
( )
x 1+ z 2 x
x
2
1 x 1
= + xze xyz + 2 ( )
x x +z x 2

1 x2 1
= + xze xyz + 2 ( )
x x +z x 2

1 x
= + xze xyz + 2
x x + z2
 22

F ( x, y, z ) = ln xi + e xyz j + tan −1 ( z )k
x

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
curlF =
∂x ∂y ∂z
ln x e xyz tan −1 ( z )
x
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
= i ∂y ∂z − j ∂x ∂z + k ∂x ∂y
−1 z −1 z
e xyz tan ( ) ln x tan ( )
x ln x e xyz
x
z
= i ( yze xyz ) − j ( 2 ) + k ( yze xyz )
x +z 2
 23

Assignment Solution Fall 2007 MTH301 (8)

Question 1

∫ F .dr

2

If F (r ) = xyi + x zj + 3 yzk evaluate c
between A (0, 0, 0) and B (5, 2, 1) along the curve c

having the parametric equation x = 5t , y = 2t , z = t

2

Solution

F (r ) = xyi + x 2 zj + 3 yzk
x = 5t , y = 2t , z = t 2
dx = 5dt dy = 2dt dz = 2tdt
dr = (5i + 2 j + 2t )dt




F (t ) = 10t 2i + 5t 4 j + 6t 3k




F .dr = (10t 2 i + 5t 4 j + 6t 3k ).(5i + 2 j + 2t )
F .dr = (50t 2 + 10t 4 + 12t 4 )dt
1

∫ F .dr = ∫ (50t + 22t )dt

2 4

c 0
3
t t5
= 50 + 22 |10
3 5
1 1 250 + 66 316
= 50 + 22 = =
3 5 15 15

Question 2

f ( x) = 2 x 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
Find the Fourier series for the function f ( x) = f ( x + 2π ) take the limits of the integration
0, 2π
 24

Solution

f ( x) = 2 x 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
f ( x) = f ( x + 2π )
2π
1
a0 =
π ∫
0
f ( x)dx

2π
1
a0 =
π ∫ 2 xdx
0

1
= [ x 2 ]02π = 4π
π
2π
1
a0 =
π ∫ 2 x cos nxdx
0
2π
2
an =
π ∫ x cos nxdx
0
2π
2
=
π ∫ x cos nxdx
0
2π
2 x sin nx 2π 1
=
π
[{
n
}0 −
n ∫ sin nxdx]
0

2
= [0 − 0] = 0
π

2π
2
bn =
π ∫ x sin nx dx
0
2π
2
=
π ∫ x cos nxdx
0
2π
2 − x cos nx 2π 1
=
π
[{
n
}0 +
n ∫ cos nxdx]
0

−2
= [2π − 0] = −1
π