ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PHYSICAL PLANNING shall mean the rational use of land for development purposes.

. Factors to Study: Land Use Planning Planning Principles Ecological Balance Preservation/Conservation Urban Land Use Planning Physical Infrastructure Development SOCIAL PLANNING refers to those activities concerned !ith planning" development" and management of social services" facilities re#uired by specific population groups" community" to!n" city" province" region" or nation. Factors to Study: Demography Education $ousing $ealth %ervices %ocial &elfare %ervices Protective %ervices %ports and 'ecreation ECONOMIC PLANNING refers to those activities concerned !ith uplifting the #uality of life and income levels of the population through assessment of advantages from economic activities in either agriculture" industry" tourism" services" etc. Factors to Study: Commerce Industry (ourism )griculture P. D. !"#: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PRACTICE $Marc% &' ())* ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING refers to activities concerned !ith the management and development of land" as !ell as" the preservation" conservation" and rehabilitation of the human environment. Sco+, o- Pract.c,: Development of a community" to!n" city" or region. Development of a site for a particular need such as housing" education" etc. Land Use and *oning plans for the management and development" preservation" conservation" control" and rehabilitation of the environment. Pre+investment" pre+feasibility" and feasibility studies.

THEORIES IN /R0AN AND REGIONAL PLANNING PLANNING DEFINITIONS. P1a22.23 in general is a t%.24.23 a2d soc.a1 +roc,ss . Intellectual thought processes ,thin-ing aspect. as !ell as policies and actions ,social aspect. are needed to bridge the gap bet!een !hat is li-ely and !hat is desired. Ot%,r s+,c.-.c d,-.2.t.o2s of planning include/ ) process for determining appropriate future action through a se#uence of choices ,Davidoff 0 'einer" 1234. ) process of preparing a set of decisions for action in the future directed at achieving goals by preferable means ,Dron" 1235. )n orderly se#uence of actions !hich is designed to achieve a stated goal ,$all" 1266. ) se#uence of actions !hich are designed to solve problems in the future ,7lasson" 1289. :oresight in formulating and implementing programs and policies ,$udson" 1282. PLANNING PROCESS. &hatever the purpose may be" the planning process generally includes a set of activities that remain invariant across different planning philosophies a sort of general format to follo!. To .11ustrat," several e;amples are presented/ E;ample 1 Problem %tructuring Identification and Evaluation of )lternative 'esponses Implementation <onitoring and Evaluation :rom (homas %aaty" 12=>

E;ample 4 Identification of a Problem :ormulation of 7oals Identification of ?b@ectives and (argets Determination of Constraints and ?pportunities Pro@ection for :uture %ituation 7eneration and Evaluation of )lternative Courses of )ction Implementation of Preferred Plan <onitoring and Evaluation :rom Aohn 7lasson" 1266

E;ample 5 Data Description Desires Designs Decision Deed :rom Britton $arris" 1266 SYSTEMS PLANNING derived from the science of cybernetics/ cybernetics !as identified by Borman &einer in 129=" an )merican mathematician and thin-er.

Concerned !ith urban and regional systems vie!ing them as comple; interacting systems. (he planning or controlling system and the system !hich it see-s to control.

T%r,, 1,ad.23 0r.t.s% ,5+o2,2ts of cybernetics+based planning/

7eorge Chad!ic)lan &ilson Brian <cLoughlin

COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING evolved from a physical planning model from the 124Cs to 125Cs as e;emplified by British planner Patric- 7eddesDs %+)+P and Ebene*er $o!ardDs 7arden City. Ceased to be the universal planning standard by 128C. GRO6TH POLE7CENTER THEORY

:rancis Perrou; 7ro!th Pole Boudeville ,1233. 7ro!th Center Concept of Leading Industries Concept of Propulsive :irms )lbert $irshman Polari*ation 7unnar <yrdal Bac-!ash and %pread Effects %cale Economies )gglomeration Economies

CENTRAL PLACE THEORY. By &alter Christaller" 1255. E;plains the si*e and function of settlements and their relationship !ith their hinterlands.

H.,rarc%y o- S,r8.c,s hierarchical arrangement of centers and functions based on service activities from lo! order to high order services found only in ma@or urban centers. Mar4,t Ra23, ma;imum distance a consumer is !illing to travel to avail of a good or service beyond !hich people !ill loo- to another center. T%r,s%o1d Po+u1at.o2 minimum population necessary to support a service.

CORE9PERIPHERY.

By Aohn :riedmann. Unbalanced gro!th results to dualism and lagging regions. Dualistic economies. (offler technological apartheid.

Borth and %outh" gro!ing points

DEPENDENCY THEORY.

Development of :irst &orld derived from underdevelopment of (hird &orld" neo+colonialism. )dvocated by Latin )merican economists and planners li-e Cesar :urtado.

IND/STRIAL LOCATION THEORY. 7enerally" an economic theory that attempts to incorporate the location factor into the Etheory of the firmF and tries to e;plain the e;isting structure of industrial location and changes in that structure.

L,ast Cost A++roac%. <inimi*ation of total costs ,transport and production costs. in site selection. %upply+oriented. Mar4,t Ar,a A2a1ys.s. ?ptimum location is the site of ma;imum profit" one that affords greatest access to mar-et and serve greatest demand. Demand+oriented. Pro-.t Ma5.:.;.23 A++roac%. Cost and demand factors of location combined. Cost reducing and revenue increasing.

STAGES OF ECONOMIC GRO6TH. By &alt !. 'osto!" 123C. E(he %tages of Economic 7ro!th/ ) Bon+Communist <anifesto.

A 2,o9c1ass.ca1 t%,ory on economic gro!th and development. ) ta-e+off theory" !herein there are five stages of economic development/ . Trad.t.o2a1 Soc.,ty basically an agricultural society characteri*ed by lo! productivity" lo! technology. Po!er is concentrated in the hands of the landed elite" and value system is oriented to!ards fatalism. &. Pr,co2d.t.o2s -or Ta4,9O-- transitional period !hen a society prepares itself for ta-e+off" ne! and higher functions due to modern science. Investments are used for social overhead capital and infrastructure. !. Ta4,9O-development of one or more leading manufacturing sectors. %tart of self+ sustaining gro!th. Profits are reinvested. <. Dr.8, to Matur.ty the Eautomobile age"F modern technology and techni#ues" gro!th of urban population" !hite+collar !or-ers. =. A3, o- H.3% Mass Co2su:+t.o2 increasing purchasing po!er of the consumer" service/tertiary sector become dominant. &elfare state.

ELEMENTS OF H/MAN SETTLEMENTS $DO>IADIS*.

Natur, the natural physical environment. Ma2 an individual" $omo %apiens biological needs ,o;ygen" nutrition." sensation and perception ,five senses." emotional needs ,satisfaction" security" sense of belonging." moral values. Soc.,ty a group of individuals sharing the same culture" values" norms" mores" and traditions. S%,11s buildings" the built component housing" hospitals" schools" to!n halls" commercial establishments" recreational facilities" industrial buildings" etc. N,t?or4s lin-s !ithin the settlement and !ith other settlements" transportation systems" communication systems" !ater supply systems" po!er and electrical systems" etc.

HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

A %a:1,t' a 2,.3%@or%ood' a s:a11 8.11a3,. A co::u2.ty' a to?2. A c.ty' a2 ur@a2 ar,a. A :,tro+o1.s. A co2ur@at.o2 a composition of cities" metropolises" urban areas. A :,3a1o+o1.s merging of t!o or more metropolises !ith a population of 1C million or more" a 4Cth century phenomenon.

CITY 8s. /R0AN

C.ty as defined by ') 813C" a minimum income of P4C <" at least 1C"CCC has. In land area or minimum population of 1>C"CCC" a political or legal status granted by the government. H.3%1y /r@a2.;,d C.ty at least 4CC"CCC peopleG income of P>C< or more. Co:+o2,2t C.ty population 0 income belo! that of highly urbani*ed city. I2d,+,2d,2t Co:+o2,2t C.ty a chartered city !ith a population and income belo! those re#uired for a city but !hose charter ma-es it independent from the province. /r@a2 Ar,a as defined by B%?/ in their entirety" all cities and municipalities !ith a density of at least 1CCC/s# -mG central districts ,poblaciones. of municipalities and cities !ith a density of at least >CC/s# -mG central districts" regardless of population si*e" e;hibiting a street pattern or street net!or-" at least 3 establishments" a to!n hall" church or chapel" public pla*a" par-" cemetery" mar-etG and barangays having at least 1CCC people and meeting the previous conditions.

INTERNAL SPATIAL STR/CT/RE OF CITIES CONCENTRIC AONE THEORY $Mo2oc,2tr.c*. By E. 6. 0ur3,ss" a University of Chicago sociologist" in 124>. (he city gro!s in a radial e;pansion from the center to form a series of concentric *ones or circles such as in Chicago. C0D $Cor,' Loo+*. Ao2, o- Tra2s.t.o2. Ho:,s o- Factory 6or4,rs. R,s.d,2t.a1 Ao2, o- H.3% C1ass A+art:,2t 0u.1d.23s or S.231,9Fa:.1y D?,11.23s . Co::ut,rs Ao2,. (he process of .28as.o2 and succ,ss.o2 e;plains the successive rings. SECTOR THEORY. By Ho:,r Hoyt" an economist" in 1252. $oyt e;amined the spatial variations in household rent in 194 )merican cities. 'ent patterns are 2ot .2 t%, -or: o- succ,ss.8, c.rc1,s @ut a++,ar as s,ctors . $igh rent residential sectors are most important in e;plaining city gro!th as it pulls the gro!th of entire city in the same direction" usually out!ard along transport routes. M/LTIPLE N/CLEI THEORY $Po1yc,2tr.c*. Developed by t!o geographers C%au2cy Harr.s and Ed?ard /11:a2 in 129>. Cities tend to gro! around not one but several distinct nuclei. (he process is historical due to certain highly speciali*ed activities" certain unrelated functions !hich repel each other" etc. INVERSE CONCENTRIC AONE THEORY. (he preceding three theories apply primarily to cities of <DCs" particularly )merican. <any cities in the LDCs follo! some!hat different patterns this is a reversal of the concentric *one pattern.

THE IMAGE OF THE CITY. ) collective image map or impressions of !hat people e;tract from the physical reality of a city.

map of a city" a collective picture

(here are five basic elements !hich people use to construct their mental image of a city/ Pat%?ays ma@or and minor routes of circulation to move about" the city has a net!or- of ma@or routes and a neighborhood net!or- of minor routesG a building has several main routes !hich people use to get to it or from it. )n urban high!ay net!or- is a net!or- of path!ays for a !hole city. D.str.cts ) city is composed of component neighborhoods or districtsG its center" upto!n" midto!n" its in+to!n residential areas" trainyards" factory areas" suburbs" college campuses" etc. %ometimes they are considerably mi;ed in character and do not have distinct limits li-e the midto!n in <anhattan. Ed3,s the termination of a district is its edge. %ome districts have no distinct edges at all but gradually taper off and blend into another district. &hen t!o districts are @oined at an edge they form a seam. ) narro! par- may be a @oining seam for t!o urban neighborhoods. La2d:ar4s the prominent visual features of the cityG some are very large and are seen at great distancesG some are very small and can only be seen up close ,street cloc-" a fountain" or a small statue in a par-.. Landmar-s help in orienting people in the city and help identify an area. Nod,s a center of activityG distinguished from a landmar- by virtue of its active functionG it is a distinct hub of activity. (imes %#uare in Be! Hor- City is both a landmar- and a node. (hese five elements of urban form are sufficient to ma-e a useful visual survey of the form of a city. (hey are the s-eletal elements of city form.

PLANNING ORGANIAATIONS
R,3.o2a1 P1a22.23 NEDA Bational Economic Development )uthority NL/C Bational Land Use Committee RDC 'egional Development Council PDC Provincial Development Council PL/C Provincial Land Use Committee Sa233u2.a2 Pa21a1a?.3a2 H/DCC /r@a2 P1a22.23 $ousing and Urban Development Coordinating Council HL/R0 $ousing 0 Land Use 'egulatory Board RL/C 'egional Land Use Committee M7CDC <unicipal/City Development Council 0DC Barangay Development Council Sa233u2.a2 Pa231u2sod70aya2 0ara23ay Cou2c.1

HL/R0 $HO/SING AND LAND /SE REG/LATORY 0OARD* the planning" regulatory and #uasi+ @udicial instrumentality of government for land use development.

To?2 P1a22.23 a2d Ao2.23 Ass.sta2c, Pro3ra: o Provide technical assistance in CLUP preparation. o Identification and *oning of site for sociali*ed housing o 'atification of land use plans and *oning ordinances

R,a1 Estat, Ma2a3,:,2t Pro3ra: :ormulation of design standards and guidelines of subdivisions and condominiums Issuance of Permits and Licenses La2d /s, E2-orc,:,2t P1a2 <onitoring of all pro@ects issued permits by L7Us and $LU'B DI) supervision )d@udication of complaints PLANNING the -ey to orderly and rational land development in any local government unit" i.e. a city or municipality. CL/P $Co:+r,%,2s.8, La2d /s, P1a2* prescribes the development pace" direction and strategies for the optimum use of land resources in a community as !ell as its role in provincial and national development.

CONCEPTS RELATED TO LAND /SE

REVERSI0LE /SES cases !hen the inherent features and characteristics of the land have not been considerably altered or modified such that the soil hori*on" landform" and structure remain intact so that the land can be reverted to its former use or original condition. IRREVERSI0LE /SES !hen land is sub@ect to applications !hich brought about changes" alteration or modifications so much so that it preempts the original use or it is physically impossible to restore the land to its previous state or condition. M/LTIPLE LAND /SES combining different land uses" !hether reversible or irreversible" in an orderly and desirable pattern because/ Land is finite and supply is finite Demand is ever increasing Competition is there Land can indeed have more than one use and uses can be combined in different !ays. COMPATI0LE AND INCOMPATI0LE LAND /SES a related concept of multiple uses of land is the compatibility of uses. %ome land uses are innately incompatible !hile others are completely compatible. Compatible uses can coe;ist harmoniously and effectively in an orderly management. HIGHEST AND 0EST /SE OF THE LAND (he use of land !hich generates the ma;imum profit !ithout negative conse#uences especially on the environment Land should be used in such a manner consistent !ith its natural #ualities to ma;imi*e its productivity and also adhere to the principles of sustainable development. %imply put" it is utili*ing land in a manner that is beneficial to both man and environment. MAPS7MAPPING a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area. It is a convenient visual form of spatial data" their distribution and relationships. MAPS7MAPPING a reduced and simplified model of reality containing geographic information. It is a graphic depiction of all or part of a geographic realm !here the real+!orld features have been replaced !ith symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale. /R0AN LAND /SE MAP COLOR CODES
Cat,3ory 'E%IDEB(I)L By d!elling type C?<<E'CI)L &holesale" 'etail ,7en. <erchandise." %ervices ,)uto 'epair" $otels" etc.. IBDU%('I)L <anufacturing" :abricating" )ssembly" Industries" etc. IB%(I(U(I?B)L %chools" Church" Protective %ervices" 7overnment Buildings" etc. P)'J%/PL)H7'?UBD% 7olf Courses" 'ace (rac-s" Country Club" etc. IB:')%('UC(U'E/ U(ILI(IE% 'ailroad" Land (ransport" &ater (ransport" )ir (ransport" etc. BUIL(+UP )'E)% Cluster of at least 1C structures or if activity occupies si*able land )7'ICUL(U'E Cropland" 'iceland" etc. )7'?+IBDU%('I)L Piggery" Poultry :?'E%( Production :orest" &ildlife" &atershed" Bational Par-s <IBIB7/KU)''HIB7 7')%%L)BD/P)%(U'E %&)<PL)BD/<)'%$E% ?($E' L)BD U%E Cemeteries" Dumpsite" Landfill" 'eclamation" Idle Lacant Lots" etc. Co1or HELL?& 'ED LI?LE( BLUE 7'EEB 7')H HELL?& LI7$( 7'EEB LI7$( LI?LE( D)'J 7'EEB B'?&B ?LILE 7'EEB )KU) )PP'?P'I)(E C?L?'%

ELEMENTS OF A MAP

Ma+ T.t1, defines the information and purpose of a map. L,3,2d -ey to the codes and symbols used in a map. Dat, a2d Aut%or name of map ma-er and date of survey or period covered by it. Nort% Arro? usually" maps are oriented to!ards the geographic ,true. north. G,o3ra+%.c Coord.2at,s geographic grid -no!n as latitudes and longitudes. o Lat.tud, $+ara11,1s* distance measured north and south of the e#uator. o Lo23.tud, $:,r.d.a2s* distance measured east and !est !ith the imaginary prime meridian ,7reen!ich Laboratory in London. as reference line. Sca1, ratio distance on the map itself and the corresponding distance on the ground. o Gra+%.c Sca1, line or bar mar-ed off in graduated distances representing actual distances on the ground. o Nu:,r.ca17Fu2ct.o2a1+ compares map distance !ith ground distance by proportional numbers and e;pressed as a representative fraction or ratio. E;ample/ 1/1"CCC means 1 meter on the map is e#uivalent to 1"CCC meters or 1 -ilometer on the ground.

TYPES OF MAPS . GENERAL P/RPOSE

R,-,r,2c, Ma+ 0as, Ma+

sho!s suite of physical and cultural features at the same time.

sho!s simple properties of map data. E;ample/ !orld map" road map" s-etch map. !or-ing map for the preparation of various maps. E;ample/ general base map" urban base map.

&. THEMATIC

depicts one single feature of the earthDs surface representing one or t!o themes.
sho!s a limited set of features including terrain" streams" boundaries" and roads. gives the prevailing type of rainfall in the area. sho!s e;isting geologic features" roc- types and ground and surface !ater. groups area e;hibiting a particular range or degree of inclination. sho!s the spatial distribution of different soil classification units in a locality.

To+o3ra+%.c Ma+ C1.:at, Ma+ Hydro3,o1o3.c Ma+ S1o+, Ma+ So.1 Ma+

La2d C1ass.-.cat.o2 Ma+ categories of land by the :orest <anagement Bureau. 1. :orest 'eserve 4. <ossy :orest 5. Commercial :orest 9. Logged ?ver )reas >. Par-s and &ildlife %anctuaries 3. %!amp lands/&ater bodies 8. )lienable and Disposable Land Po+u1at.o2 D,2s.ty Ma+ Cadastra1 Ma+ La2d Va1u,s Ma+ sho!s concentration of population by class intervals in relation to land area. public record of land o!nership. indicates relative prices and values of land in an area.

La2d /s, Ma+ sho!s spatial distribution of different land uses. G,2,ra1 La2d /s, distribution of land uses covering the entire to!n. G,2,ra1 La2d /s, P1a2 reflects the planned distribution of land uses. /r@a2 La2d /s, Ma+ distribution of land uses in the urban center. /r@a2 La2d /s, P1a2 indicates planned distribution of urban land uses. Ao2.23 Ma+ sho!s the *ones or districts according to present and potential uses of land.

!. ANALYTICAL

illustrates the derived results from the analysis of t!o or more variables according to desired outputs. Eros.o2 Ha;ard Ma+ analysis of soil and slope of an area. F1ood.23 Ha;ard sho!s areas !here flooding usually occur. La2d Ca+a@.1.ty Ma+ indicates suitability of areas for cultivation. So.1 Su.ta@.1.ty Ma+ provides information on the degree of soil suitability for urban development. D,8,1o+:,2t Co2stra.2ts Ma+ illustrates the obstacles to development in the physical sense li-e subsidence" flooding ris-s" or fault lines. La2d Ma2a3,:,2t /2.t a land resources inventory map describing the shape of land in terms of relief" not slopeG an input map to land suitability map.

La2d Su.ta@.1.ty Ma+ classifies land into categories based on the degree to !hich the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental re#uirements of specific crops !ithout deterioration.

SITE: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES $0y B,8.2 Ly2c%*

Every site is a uni#ue interconnected !eb of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities.

) site or pro@ect/planning area varies in si*e" location" and characteristics. CA s.t, .2 .ts o?2 r.3%t .s a 1.8.23' c%a23.23 co::u2.ty o- +1a2ts a2d a2.:a1s.D %uch a community also has its o!n interests that should be conserved" preserved or protected. B2o?1,d3, o- t%, s.t, .s 8.ta1 .2 +1a22.23 especially in mitigating competing or conflicting interests bet!een potential users and e;isting occupants to avert natural disasters such as severe erosion" !ater intrusion" flooding" a drop in the !ater table" etc. (he site and its intended purpose are closely interrelated. Understanding the site to define or establish the essential character or nature of the site or Ct%, s+.r.t o- t%, +1ac,D to maintain" to some degree" a continuity of the pree;isting conditions !ithin the locale. ) sufficient -no!ledge and understanding of the nature of the site !ould :a4, t%, +1a22,r :uc% co2sc.ous a2d s,2s.t.8, to t%, s.t,Es d.st.2ct c%aract,r and Eclosely -nitF comple;ity Eas to be !orthy of his interest" concern" and even his affection.F Understanding the s.t, %as t?o @ra2c%,s SITE INVENTORY a2d ASSESSMENT

one oriented to the users and the other to the site itself.

Involves a thorough assessment of the natural environment and the associated physical characteristics of the site and its surroundings. %uch factors are found above" belo!" and on the ground" for they ma-e up the nature of the site. Jno!ing these factors and their interrelationships enables one to determine s.t, co2stra.2ts $t%r,ats* a2d +ot,2t.a1s $o++ortu2.t.,s*. Jno!ledge of constraints and threats can mitigate or minimi*e potential damage or adverse effects that site development may cause on the ,co1o3.ca1 a2d soc.a1 -a@r.c !ithin the site or !ithin the general vicinity of the site. Jno!ledge of the potentials and opportunities of the site can clarify" reveal" or enhance the nature of the site as !ell as the plan or design.

PREPARING A SITE PROFILE. %ite inventory and assessment re#uire the collection of comprehensive and structured s,ts o- data d,scr.+t.8, o- t%, 3,o+%ys.ca1' @.o1o3.ca1' a2d soc.a1 ,28.ro2:,2t in the site and around the site. ) site profile is the outcome of this activity. :or planners" site profile provides information on the status and characteristics of the various aspects of the environment !hich are indicative of the potentials and !ea-nesses of a particular area. :or decision ma-ers" the site profile provides information on the environment needed in the formulation of policies" strategies" or business decisions pertaining specifically to the area or to the environment in general. :or those concerned !ith the assessment and monitoring of the environment" the site profile provides benchmar- information on the environment !ith !hich various scenarios can be dra!n up !ith the introduction of particular development pro@ect/s. In general" (he %ite Profile is a valuable tool/ In ma-ing better decisions and trade+offs for more rational or sustainable developmentG In ta-ing stoc- of or assessing the status of the environment of an area as of a given timeG In providing information on the environment for consideration in pro@ect planning and development as !ell as for monitoring and evaluation of a pro@ectDs impact on the environmentG In preparing and evaluating the Initial Environment E;amination or the Environmental Impact )ssessment ,EI).G and In providing information for the purposes of management and conservation of the environment. AONING DEFINED.

Ioning is a legal regulatory tool to implement the land use plan.

10

Ioning is the designation and allocation of territorial areas of city or municipality into functional land use *ones and districts. Uses in accord !ith goals and ob@ectives of local development plan.

NATIONAL LAND /SE AND ALLOCATION SCHEME

La2d C1ass.-.cat.o2 !hich involves the assessment of unclassified lands under the public domain !hich include surveying" classifying" studying and mapping areas into agricultural" forest or timber" mineral and national par-sG o Bational government/DEB'G congress delineates limits of forest lands and national par-s. La2d R,c1ass.-.cat.o2 is the subse#uent classification" allocation and disposition of lands of the public domain" classified as alienable and disposable into specific usesG o Bational government/DEB' in coordination !ith L7Us. La2d Su@c1ass.-.cat.o2 is the act of determining and assigning the uses of classified public landsG o Bational government/DEB' Ao2.23 is the legislative act of delineating areas or districts !ithin the territorial @urisdictions of cities and municipalities that may be put to specific uses and their regulation" sub@ect to the limitations imposed by la! or competent authorityG o L7Us La2d /s, Co28,rs.o2 is the act of putting a piece or parcel of land into a type of use other than that for !hich it is currently being utili*ed. o Bational government/D)'

COMMERCIAL AREAS TYPES OF COMMERCIAL AREAS

C,2tra1 0us.2,ss D.str.ct $C0D*

. MaFor C0D &. M.2or C0D shopping" service area !ith largest dept. and variety stores" specialty shops" business and professional services" hotels" theaters" etc. mar-et as main feature ,types/ !holesale mar-et" !et and dry mar-et.G #uasi+residential+commercial or mi;ed use development.

Co::,rc.a1 Str.+ e;tension of CBD N,.3%@or%ood C,2t,r local sources of staple and convenience goods and servicesG built around supermar-et !ith convenience storesG population served/ 8">CC+4C"CCC.
%ite must be most desirable general area as established by the economic survey %ite must be o!ned or controlled by developer Land cost must be in -eeping !ith overall economic consideration E;isting *oning must permit shopping center development %ite must contain sufficient land to permit construction facilities Land must be in one piece" free of intervening road!ays" right+of+!ay" easements" ma@or !ater!ays" etc (opography and shape of site must permit advantageous planning %urrounding road pattern and accessibility must allo! full utili*ation of the business potential (he structure must be visible from ma@or thoroughfares (he surrounding areas should be safeguarded against blight 'etail facilities should be e;posed to ma;imi*e foot traffic Larious mechani*ed traffic types and foot traffic be separated and distinct from one another <a;imum comfort and convenience for shoppers and merchants should be provided for ?rderliness" unity and beauty should be achieved

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA $COMMEL*

TYPES OF 0/SINESS OR TRADE

6%o1,sa1, Trad, resale of ne! and used goods ,!/o transformations. to retailers.

11

1. <erchant !holesalers 4. %ales branches and sales offices 5. )ssemblers" buyers" coops R,ta.1 Trad, resale to the general public. %ale for personal/household consumption %ale from displayed merchandise 'enting goods to general publicG repair and installation services 0a24.23 a2d F.2a2c, I2sura2c, R,a1 Estat, S,r8.c, Business services 'ecreational services Personal services

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA $TRADING* It should be an urbani*ed area (here must be a developed economic and servicing activity and an established lin- !ith other -ey areas %ite must be in strategic and convenient locations" !ith modes of transportation for communication and distribution of goods %ite must be along arteries and !ith more than one line of access DISTANCES AND TRAVEL TIME

R,s.d,2t.a1 ;o2,s to 9 neighborhood center/ 8>Cm or 1>minsG minor CBD/ 14-ms or 1>+5CminsG ma@or CBD/ 9>+3Cmins R,cr,at.o2a1 ar,as to 9 shopping center/ >mins travel or 1>mins on foot Educat.o2 c,2t,r $sc%oo1s* minimum of 1>mins by public transport H,a1t% c,2t,r $%os+.ta1s* minimum of =CCm or 1C+4Cmins travel time Po1.c, stat.o2 >mins travel time F.r, stat.o2 5+>mins travel time Gar@a3, or d.s+osa1 ar,a >+1C-ms or 1>+4Cmins travel time of garbage truc-

12

CLASSIFICATION OF IND/STRIES . ACCORDING TO RESO/RCE

R,sourc,9Or.,2t,d I2dustr.,s. (hese are characteri*ed by the large proportion of ra! materials value
to total production value. (hey are located in areas !here resources are available" thus minimi*ing added cost to the transportation of ra! materials.

Mar4,t9Or.,2t,d I2dustr.,s. (hese include processing !hich usually adds bul- and !eight to the
products. $ence" distribution costs and other related problems are minimi*ed if they are located near mar-eting centers.

Foot1oos, I2dustr.,s. (hese industries are second+stage users !here processing cost of materials
count more than transfer costs. (hus" they are located !here their lin-ages are greatest.

&. ACCORDING TO CAPITALIAATION

Cotta3, I2dustry. S:a11 Sca1, I2dustr.,s. M,d.u: Sca1, I2dustr.,s. Lar3, Sca1, I2dustr.,s.

)n activity !ith total assets not e;ceeding P>CC"CCC. (otal assets should be P>CC"CCC to P>"CCC"CCC. (otal assets should be P>"CCC"CCC to P4C"CCC"CCC. (otal assets should be over P4C million.

!. ACCORDING TO HAAARD7RISBS

Ha;ardous I2dustr.,s. (hese are fire and health ha*ards. Bon+ha*ardous industries discharge negligible amounts of combustible or to;ic !astes. Po11uta2t I2dustr.,s. (hese industries discharge large amounts of air" !ater or solid pollutants. Pollutant industries emit little or negligible amounts of these pollutants. L.3%t. Bon+pollutive / non+ha*ardousG non+pollutive / ha*ardous M,d.u:. Pollutive / non+ha*ardousG pollutive / ha*ardous H,a8y. $ighly pollutive / non+ha*ardousG highly pollutive / ha*ardousG highly pollutive / e;tremely ha*ardous

<. ACCORDING TO EMPLOYMENT SIAE

Cotta3, I2dustr.,s. S:a11 Sca1, I2dustr.,s. M,d.u: Sca1, I2dustr.,s. Lar3, Sca1, I2dustr.,s.

Industries !ith an employment of less than 1C !or-ers. Industries !ith 1C to 22 employees. Industries !ith 1CC to 122 employees. Industries !ith 4CC or more employees.

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA $IND/STRY*

%ite should be fairly flat" not more than >M in slope. (opography and land surface shape must permit advantageous planning and reasonable construction. %oil and sub+soil condition should afford ade#uate bearing capacity for economical construction of buildings. %oil and sub+soil condition must be suitable for location " site preparation and utility connection. %ite is preferably agriculturally marginal. %ite should be free from erosion. (here must be good e;ternal surface drainage and internal soil drainage and free from flooding ha*ard. %ite should be accessible preferably to all !eather road or rail facilities.

FACILITIES HOSPITALS AND HEALTH

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. R/RAL HEALTH /NITS 0ara23ay H,a1t% Stat.o2 $0HS* the B$% is the initial unit !hich dispenses of basic health care ,maternal and child care" immuni*ations" treatment and health conditions" nutrition" family planning" sanitary health care" emergency treatment and health education.. Ma.2 H,a1t% C,2t,r $MHC* the <$C engages in a broad range of activities covering mostly referrals from the B$% and the preventive" promotive and curative aspects of health care. &. CITY HEALTH CENTER (he City $ealth Center ,C$C. renders the same services as that of the <ain $ealth Center but under the administrative and technical supervision of the City $ealth ?ffice. !. M/NICIPAL HOSPITAL (he <unicipal $ospital has a service *one !ith a radius of appro;imately 5C -ilometers. It should be located in settlements not provided !ith hospital services" thus" serving as local gravitation points and socio+economic centers. In special cases" it may be located in remote areas and provided !ith ade#uate transport facilities. <. SECONDARY CARE DIST. HOSPITAL (he %econdary Care District $ospital provides definitive care in the four basic specialties/ medicine" surgery" obstetrics and gynecology" and pediatrics. (hese specialties are ho!ever not departmentali*ed and re#uired to have services as radiology" pharmacy" dietary and laboratory in areas !here the provincial hospital is accessible" facilities for emergency cases are provided. %ervice radius of at least 5>-m. =. TERTIARY CARE PROVEL HOSPITAL (he (ertiary Care Provincial $ospital offers services li-e that of district hospitals but on a departmentali*ed basis. )dditional facilities/services such as operating rooms" dental services and out+patient units as !ell as support services/facilities li-e ;+ray and laboratory are provided. Preferably located at the capital to!nG catchment area is the !hole province. G. TERTIARY CARE REGEL HOSPITAL (he 'egional $ospital is usually located in the regional center and offers more services than a provincial hospital. :acilities/services provided are/ Intensive Care Unit ,ICU." Coronary Care Units ,CCU." Eye" Ear" Bose and (hroat ,EEB(. services" orthopedics and delivery room facilities. Bursing services to assist the specialists are li-e!ise provided. ). MEDICAL CENTER (he <edical Center offers special care beyond the capabilities of 'egional $ospital. opportunities for training" teaching and research in the medical field. (he center provides

#. GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL It is a hospital operated and maintained partially or !holly by the Bational" Provincial" <unicipal or City 7overnment or other political subdivision" board or other agency. (. PRIVATE HOSPITAL It is a hospital o!ned" established and operated !ith funds raised or contributed through donations" or by private capital or other means by private individuals" association" corporation" religious organi*ations" from company or @oint stoc- association. ". GENERAL HOSPITAL It is a hospital that provides services for all -inds of illnesses" diseases" in@uries or deformities. . SPECIAL HOSPITAL It is a hospital that provides services for one particular -ind of illness/diseases or health medical care need. &. TEACHING H TRAINING HOSPITAL It is a fully departmentali*ed hospital !ith accredited residency training program in a specific specialty or discipline. HO/SING. (he Bational %helter Program is implemented by the $UDCC and other -ey shelter agencies. (he B%P shall guide L7Us on e;isting housing policies. ') 8482 mandates govDt agencies to assist L7Us in the planning 0 implementation of housing prog.

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Policy thrusts of B%P include/ $ousing as a means of social intervention and catalyst for economic for economic activity. People+centered and aided self+help approach to housing. <a;imum multi+sectoral participation. Easier land access for housing. Development of regional gro!th poles. %ustainability and matching of housing finance !ith beneficiariesD affordability. <aintenance of ecological balance in urban development and housing. Improvement of housing delivery system. ') 8482 re#uires L7Us to conduct an inventory of lands identifying sites for sociali*ed housing. TYPES OF 0/ILDINGS $-ro: NSO* S.231, Hous, an independent structure intended for one household" separated by open space or !alls Du+1,5 a structure intended for 4 households" !ith complete housing facilities for each Mu1t.9/2.t R,s.d,2t.a1 5 or more units" intended for residential use only" usually consisting of 5 or more housing units. CLASSIFICATION OF 0/ILDINGS $NSO* Under 'enovation/Being 'epaired Under Construction Unfinished Construction Beeds Bo 'epair/Beeds <inor 'epair Beeds <a@or 'epair Dilapidated/Condemned (he year the building !as built refers to !hen construction !as completed. TEN/RE STAT/S OF HO/SE OR LOT O?2,d70,.23 A:ort.;,d the household is the o!ner 0 has the legal possession of the housing unit R,2t,d occupant pays rent either in cash or in -ind Occu+.,d -or -r,, ?.t% co2s,2t o- o?2,r Occu+.,d -or -r,, ?.t%out co2s,2t o- o?2,r TYPES OF S/0DIVISION Su@d.8.s.o2 ProF,ct a tract or a parcel of land registered under ') 923 !hich is partitioned primarily for residential purposes into individual lot !ith or !ithout improvements thereon" and offered to the public for sale" in cash or in installment terms. Co2do:.2.u: ProF,ct the entire parcel of real property divided or to be divided primarily for residential purposes into condominium units including all structures thereon. Eco2o:.c a2d Soc.a1.;,d Hous.23 housing pro@ect for moderately lo! income families !ith lo!er interest rates and longer amorti*ation periods. O+,2 Mar4,t Hous.23 constructed and financed by the private sector as a business venture and sold at prevailing mar-et prices and interest. SHELTER NEEDS CATEGORY Be! housing units needed to ans!er the re#uirements of future generations Be! units to cover for housing bac-log Upgrading need TYPES OF DENSITIES Lo? D,2s.ty less than 1>C persons per hectare of residential area M,d.u: D,2s.ty 1>1 to 4>C per ha. H.3% D,2s.ty more than 4>C per ha. INFRASTR/CT/RE NEEDS 1. 4. 5. Potable !ater Po!er and electricity and ade#uate po!er distribution system )ccess to primary roads and transport facilities

A.O. !=!: G/DELINES FOR PROTECTION OF AREAS NON9NEGOTIA0LE FOR CONVERSION DEFINITION OF TERMS

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A3r.cu1tura1 La2d refers to lands devoted to agricultural activity and not classified as mineral" forest" residential" commercial or industrial land. AcIu.-,r R,c%ar3, refer to sources of !ater replenishment !here rain!ater or seepage actually enters the ac#uifers. )c#uifers are sources of !ater from the ground. E28.ro2:,2ta11y Cr.t.ca1 Ar,as refer to areas declared by la! as/ )reas for natural par-s" !atershed reserves" !ildlife preserves" and sanctuaries )reas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots )reas !hich constitute the habitat for any endangered species )reas of uni#ue historic" archaeological" or scientific interests )reas !hich are traditionally occupied by cultural communities and tribes )reas !ith critical slopes )reas fre#uently visited by natural calamities )reas classified as prime agricultural lands 'echarge areas of ac#uifers &ater bodies <angrove areas Coral reefs <ossy and virgin forests 'iver ban-s %!amp forests and farmlands H.3%1y R,str.ct,d Ar,as 6.t%.2 N,t?or4 o- Prot,ct,d Ar,as -or A3r.cu1tura1 D,8,1o+:,2t refers to the most efficient agricultural land that can be gro!n to a !ide range of crops !ith minimum to moderate level of farm management re#uirement. La2d /s, refers to the manner of utili*ation of land" including its allocation" development and management. La2d /s, Co28,rs.o2 refers to the act or process of changing the current use of a piece of agricultural land into some other use. La2d /s, P1a2 refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by maps and similar illustrations !hich represent the community desired pattern of population distribution and a proposal for the future allocation of land to the various land+using activities. N,t?or4 o- Prot,ct,d Ar,as -or A3r.cu1tur, $NPAA* refers to land reserved for agricultural activities. (he specific types of land reserved for agricultural activities covered by the BP)) are/ )ll irrigated and potentially irrigable land )ll alluvial" plain land that are highly suitable for agricultural production and/or can be devoted to food production )ll sustainable land that are traditional sources of food )ll crop land that support the e;isting economic scale of production re#uired to sustain the economic viability of e;isting agricultural infrastructure and agro+based enterprises in the province or region )ll productive land in the lo!+calamity ris- areas that are suitable for the production of economic trees and other cash crops )ll agricultural land that are ecologically fragile and !hose conversion !ill result in serious environmental problems Nat.o2a1 I2t,3rat,d Prot,ct,d Ar,as Syst,: is the classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life+support systems" to preserve genetic diversity" to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein" and to maintain their natural conditions to the e;tent possible. Pr,:atur, Co28,rs.o2 o- A3r.cu1tura1 La2d means the underta-ing of any development activities !hose results !ill modify or alter the physical characteristics of the agricultural lands to render them sustainable for non+agricultural purposes !ithout an approved order of conversion from the D)'. Pr.:, A3r.cu1tura1 La2ds refer to lands that can be used for various or specific agricultural activities and can provide optimum and sustainable yield !ith a minimum of inputs and development cost as determined by the D). Prot,ct,d Ar,as refer to identified portions of land and !ater set aside by reason of their uni#ue physical and biological significance" managed to enhance biological diversity" and protected against destructive human e;ploitation.

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R,c1ass.-.cat.o2 o- A3r.cu1tura1 La2ds refers to the act of specifying ho! agricultural lands shall be utili*ed for non+ agricultural uses such as residential" industrial" commercial" as embodied in the land use plan" sub@ect to the re#uirements and procedure for conversion. R,3.o2a1 A3r.9I2dustr.a1 Gro?t% C,2t,rs are specific locations in each of the countryDs regions outside the Bational Capital 'egion ,BC'. identified for development by providing it !ith the full range of infrastructure/utilities needed by industries to establish operations in the countryside. R,3.o2a1 Gro?t% N,t?or4s7Corr.dors are neighboring provinces/regions !hich are lin-ed together and are identified through the collaboration and cooperation of various L7Us. (he lin-ing of these areas permits the comparative advantages/strengths of each area to be shared !ith one another" thereby ensuring the optimum utili*ation of resources and the development of net!or-s/corridors and its radiation areas. Soc.a1.;,d Hous.23 refers to housing programs and pro@ects covering houses and lots or homelots only underta-en by the government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citi*ens !hich shall include site and services development" long+term financing" liberali*ed terms on interest payments" and such other benefits in accordance !ith ') 8482. S+,c.a1.;,d Eco2o:.c Ao2,s refer to selected areas !ith highly developed or !hich have the potential to be developed into agro+industrial" industrial" tourist/recreational" commercial" ban-ing" investment and financial centers. )n eco*one may contain any or all of the follo!ing/ industrial estates" e;port processing *ones" free trade *ones" and tourist/recreational centers. Tour.s: D,8,1o+:,2t Ar,as refer to specific sites for tourism development located in areas identified as priorities in the national and regional master plans as !ell as those designated through legislative and e;ecutive issuances as tourist spots and tourist *ones !hich can be developed into tourism estates or integrated resort" leisure and recreation comple;es" and other tourism related facilities. 6at,rs%,d refers to a catchment area or drainage basin from !hich the !aters of a stream or stream system are dra!n. Ao2.23 refers to the delineation/division of a city/municipality into functional *ones !here only specific land uses are allo!ed. It directs and regulates the use of all lands in the community in accordance !ith an approved or adopted land use plan for the city/municipality. It prescribes setbac- provisions" minimum lot si*es" building heights and bul-. Ao2.23 Ord.2a2c, refers to a local legislation approving the development control/*oning plan and providing for the regulations and other conditions" on the uses of land including the limitation on the infrastructures that may be placed thereon !ithin the territorial @urisdiction of a city or municipality.

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RA )&)(: THE /R0AN DEVELOPMENT AND HO/SING ACT OF ((& DEFINITION OF TERMS A--orda@1, Cost refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on the needs and financial capability of Program beneficiaries and appropriate financing schemes. Ar,as For Pr.or.ty D,8,1o+:,2t refers to those areas declared as such under e;isting statutes and pertinent e;ecutive issuances. 01.3%t,d La2ds refers to the areas !here the structures are dilapidated" obsolete and unsanitary" tending to depreciate the value of the land and prevent normal development and use of the area. Co2su1tat.o2 refers to the constitutionally mandated process !hereby the public" on their o!n or through peopleDs organi*ations" is provided an opportunity to be heard and to participate in the decision+ma-ing process on matters involving the protection and promotion of its legitimate collective interests" !hich shall include appropriate documentation and feedbac- mechanisms. Id1, La2ds refers to non+agricultural lands in urban and urbani*able areas on !hich no improvements" as herein defined" have been made by the o!ner" as certified by the city" municipality or provincial assessor. I:+ro8,:,2ts refers to all types of buildings and residential units" !alls" fences" structures or constructions of all -inds of a fi;ed character or !hich are adhered to the soil but shall not include trees" plants and gro!ing fruits" and other fi;tures that are mere superimpositions on the land" and the value of improvements shall not be less than >CM of the assessed value of the property. Jo.2t V,2tur, refers to the commitment or agreement by t!o or more persons to carry out a specific or single business enterprise for their mutual benefit" for !hich purpose they combine their funds" land resources" facilities and services. La2d Ass,:@1y or Co2so1.dat.o2 refers to the ac#uisition of lots of varying o!nership through purchase or e;propriation for the purpose of planned and rational development and sociali*ed housing programs !ithout individual boundary restrictions. La2d 0a24.23 refers to the ac#uisition of land at values based on e;isting use in advance of actual need to promote planned development and sociali*ed housing programs. La2d S?a++.23 refers to the process of land ac#uisition by e;changing land for another piece of land of e#ual value" or for shares of stoc- in a government or #uasi+government corporation. La2d /s, P1a2 refers to the rational approach of allocating available land resources as e#uitably as possible among competing user groups and for different functions consistent !ith the development plan of the area and the Program. O29S.t, D,8,1o+:,2t refers to the process of upgrading and rehabilitation of blighted and slum urban areas !ith a vie! of minimi*ing displacement of d!ellers in said areas" and !ith provisions as provided thereof. Pro-,ss.o2a1 SIuatt,rs refers to individuals or groups !ho occupy lands !ithout the e;press consent of the lando!ner and !ho have sufficient income for legitimate housing. R,s,tt1,:,2t Ar,as refers to areas identified by the appropriate national agency or by the local government unit !ith respect to areas !ithin its @urisdiction" !hich shall be used for the relocation of the underprivileged and homeless citi*ens. S,cur.ty o- T,2ur, refers to the degree of protection afforded to #ualified Program beneficiaries against infringement or un@ust" unreasonable and arbitrary eviction or disposition" by virtue of the right of o!nership" lease agreement" usufruct and other contractual arrangements.

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S1u: I:+ro8,:,2t a2d R,s,tt1,:,2t $SIR* Pro3ra: refers to the program of the Bational $ousing )uthority of upgrading and improving blighted s#uatter areas outside of <etro <anila pursuant to e;isting statutes and pertinent e;ecutive issuances. S:a11 Pro+,rty O?2,rs refers to those !hose only real property consists of residential lands not e;ceeding 5CCs#m in highly urbani*ed areas and =CCs#m in other urban areas. Soc.a1.;,d Hous.23 ,same as ).?. 5>5 DefDn. SIuatt.23 Sy2d.cat,s refers to groups of persons engaged in the business of s#uatter housing for profit or gain. /2d,r+r.8.1,3,d or Ho:,1,ss C.t.;,2s refers to the beneficiaries of the this )ct and to individuals or families residing in urban and urbani*able areas !hose income falls !ithin the poverty threshold as defined by BED) and !ho do not o!n housing facilities. /r@a2 Ar,as refers to all cities regardless of their population density and to municipalities !ith a population density of at least >CC persons per s#uare -ilometer. /r@a2.;a@1, Ar,as refers to sites and lands !hich" considering present characteristics and prevailing conditions" display mar-ed and great potential of becoming urban areas !ithin the period of five years. Ao2a1 I:+ro8,:,2t Pro3ra: $AIP* refers to the program of the B$) of upgrading and improving blighted s#uatter areas !ithin the cities and municipalities of <etro <anila pursuant to e;isting statutes and issuances.

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