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Paints Paint: Paint is applied on timber, metal, brick or other materials in the form of a liquid which, on drying, forms

a thin film on the painted surface. The essential function of the paint film is to provide protection or decoration. Paint is indispensable for the proper maintenance & preservation of wooden structures against warping, checking or decay. Objective of paint: (i) (ii) (iii) (v) (i) (ii) Preserve the materials coated. Concrete work to resist checking disintegration, thereby extending the life of structure. mprove sanitary condition. !btain better distribution of light. t should stick well to the surface & should be able to seal the porous substrata. ts consistency should provide easy workability. surface. (iv) The paint film should dry rapidly. (v) (vi) The dried paint film should be able to withstand the adverse weather effect for a long time without losing gloss. t should offer resistance to failure by checking, cracking & flaking. (vii) t should posses" good moisture resistance. (viii) ts colour should not fade with the passage of time. (ix) (x) ts should not show any signs such as brush marks, shrinkages marks, cracks, patches etc. on drawing. t should adhere well to the surface to which it is applied. rapidly. (xi) The paint should be such that it is dries within #$ hours to a hard dry condition but not too

(iv) Produce a pleasing appearance. Characteristics of a good paint:

(iii) The thickness of the paint film should be adequate for good protection & decoration of the

Constituents of Paints: %n oil paint is generally made up of six main constituents given below& (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) % base %n inert filler or extender Coloring pigment 'iv(% vehicle % solvent or Thinner 'vi(% drier

(i) Base: t is generally a metallic oxide and is used in the form of powder. )ase is essentially a pigment which forms the chief ingredient of paint. The most important purpose of adding base in paint is to make an opaque coating to hide the surface to be painted. t makes the film of coating resistant to abrasion and prevents shrinkage cracks likely to be formed in the film, during drying. *hite lead, red lead, +inc oxide, iron oxide and titanium whites are the bases commonly used. (ii) Inert filler or extender: t is a cheap pigment added in a paint to reduce its cost. t modifies the weight of the paints and makes it more durable. *ith proper formulations, the inert filler pigments may be helpful in contributing useful properties to the paint film. The commonly used inert fillers or extenders are& )arites ')arium sulphate(, lithopone, silica, silicate of magnesia or alumina, whiting, gypsum, charcoal etc. (iii) Coloring pigment: %s the name indicates, it is a white or colored pigment, mixed in a paint to get the desired color of the paint. (iv)Vehicle: t is a liquid which acts as a binder for the various pigments, vi+., bases, extender and coloring pigment. The vehicle mixes the paint in the state of a fluid and thus helps to spread its ingredients uniformly over the surface to the painted. This form as elastic, resistant to abrasion and reasonably impermeable film on drying. ,efined linseed oil is a commonly used vehicle in oil paints. Tung, perilla, soyabean, fish, sunflower, tobacco seeds are also being used as vehicles in various combinations with linseed oil or without linseed oil. (v) olvent or thinner: t is a liquid which thins the consistency of the paint and evaporates after the paint film has been applied. t imparts to the paint film good properties such as

brush ability, smoothness and easy flow. Turpentine, pure oil, petroleum spirit and highly solvent naptha are commonly used as solvent or thinner. (vi)!rier: These are materials containing metallic compounds and are used in small quantities for accelerating the drying of paint film. They act as catalysts for the oxidation and polymeri+ation of the vehicle used in paint. -itharge, lead acetate, manganese dioxide and cobalt are the driers commonly used. .ot more than /0 1' by volume( of the drier should be used in an oil paint. f used in excess, especially in the final coat, they tend to destroy the elasticity of the paint which finally leads to its flaking. "#pes of paints: The various types of paints commonly used can be broadly divided in the following categories& (i) (ii) %luminium Paints %nti2Corrosive Paints

(iii) %sbestos Paints (iv) )ituminous Paints (v) )ron+e Paints (vi) Cellulose Paints (vii) Casein Paints (viii) Cement )ased Paints (ix) 3namel Paints !il Paints (x) ,ubber )ase Paints (i) $luminium paints: %luminum paints are used for painting wood work and metal surface. %luminium powder forms the base in this paint. n this paint the base is held in suspension and bound by either quick2drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil varnish to suit the requirements of the surface to be painted. This paint is well established for its good weather resisting and water2proofing qualities. t is highly heat reflective, resistant to corrosive action of sea water, and stands well the atmosphere contaminate with acidic fumes. )ecause of its brilliant silvery shining texture the paint has the advantage of being visible in darkness. %luminium paint is commonly used for painting metal roofs, soils, machinery, electric and telegraphic poles or towers, oil or gas storage tanks, hot water pipes or tanks. (ii) $nti%corrosive paints: This paint is generally used as metal protection paint for preserving structural steel work against the adverse effect of fumes, acids, corrosive

chemicals and the ravages of rough weather. 4everal types of anti2corrosive paints are manufactured these days. The pigments used in the various types of paints are dry red lead, sublimed blue lead, +inc oxide and iron oxide, +inc dust, +inc chromites etc. linseed oil is generally used as the vehicle. 4ometimes driers and inert fillers also added to modify the requirements of the coatings. (iii) $sbestos paints: This type of paint is especially suitable for patch work or stopping leakage in metal roofs. t is also used for painting gutters, spouts flashings etc. in order to prevent them from rusting. %sbestos or fibrous coating is sometimes used as damp2proof cover for the outer face of the basement walls. (iv) Bituminous paints: )ituminous paints are alkali resistant and are chiefly used for painting exterior brick work, and plastered surfaces, they are also used for water2proofing and protection of iron and steel and are commonly applied on iron water mains and structural steel work under water or on fabricated iron and steel products. 4uch paints usually consist of asphalt, bitumen or pitch dissolved in mineral spirit or naphtha. *hen required, drying oils may also be added to the paint to modify its properties, this type of paint is obtained in black colour but its colour can be modified by incorporating certain pigments like red oxide etc, these paints, however, deteriorate when exposed to the direct rays of the sun. (v) Bron&e paints: This type of paint is often used for painting interior or exterior metallic surface. !n account of its high reflective property, it is commonly applied on radiators. %luminium powder or copper powders are pigments commonly used in this paint. The vehicle used in the paint is usually nitro2cellulose lacquer. (vi) Cellulose paint: This type of paint is made form celluloid sheets and amyl2acetate substitute. 5or making a superior type of paint, nitro2cotton is used. t dries very quickly and possesses the additional advantage of hardness, flexibility and smoothness. t can be cleaned easily and it remains unaffected by hot water, smoky or acidic atmosphere and stands well the wear and tear and ravages of rough weather, it is much superior to ordinary house paint and on account of its high cost, its usage is generally restricted to paints of motor cars, aero planes or other such situations. (vii) Casein paints: Casein is a protein substance extracted from milk curd which is mixed up with a base consisting of white pigment like whiting, titanium, lithopone etc. to form the paint which is usually available in powder or pasty form. !n account of its high opacity,

the paint can be applied on new plaster work without any danger of scaling or alkali burning. The paint can be tinted in any desired shade of colour. t is usually applied on walls, ceiling, wall boards, cement block construction etc. to enhance the appearance of the surface. *hen used for exterior surfaces of cement, brick or stone masonry, a little quantity of drying oil or varnish is added to the paint to make it weather well. (viii) Cement based paints: This is a type of water paint in which white or coloured pigment and cement forms the base. .o oil or other organic matter is used in making this paint. This type of paint is available in packed powdered form under different trade names such as snow2cem etc. this paint can be made by adding paint power to water to obtain consistency. .ormally equal volume of paint should be mixed only in such quantity which can be used within an hour of its mixing as after that the paint gets spoiled due to setting of cement. This paint is applied to exposed or plastered brick masonry and concrete work. !n drying it forms a decorative, strong, durable and water resistant film on surface. (ix) 'namel paints: 3namel paint is made by adding pigments like white lead or +inc white to a vehicle which is a varnish. Colouring pigments may be also be mixed to obtain the enamel paint in any desired colour. !n drying, it forms a smooth glossy, relatively hard and permanent solid thin film. 6ifferent types of enamel paints are now manufactured in a variety of coloures and are available in ready made form these days. 3namel paints are used both for interior as well as exterior painting. They are not affected by atmosphere and stand well the adverse effects of weather, the enamel paint film presents a glossy surface but, if desired an eggshell or flat finish may also be obtained by adding turpentine in small or large quantity. t is commonly used for painting porches, decks, stairs, concrete surfaces etc. (x) Oil paints: This type of paint can be used for almost all surfaces such as wooden, masonry, metal etc. oil paint basically consists of two main components vi+. a base and a vehicle. !il paints are manufactured in different shades and grades. They possess all the characteristics of good paint and as such are very common in use. (xi) (ubber base paints: This type of paint has excellent acid, alkali and moisture resistant properties. t can be readily used for application on new concrete and lime plastered surfaces. The paint is made form rubber treated with chlorine gas which is dissolved in

suitable solvents and mixed with other pigments. t is commonly used as protective coating on cement concrete floors and interior masonry surfaces.

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