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1.2 1) 1.2 2) 1.2 3) 1.2 4) Excretion The liver Functions of the liver The kidney
The nephron
About one million nephrons in e ch !idney. "n the cortex the c pill ries form !not c lled the glomerulus.
#urrounded by the Bowman's capsule. Fluid from the blood is pushed into the $o%m n&s c psule by ultrafiltration. As the fluid moves lon' subst nces re re bsorbed by selective reabsorption. This p sses into the pelvis nd do%n the uterer.
)ydrost tic pressure of the blood filters out % ter* mino cids* 'lucose* ure * nd inor' nic ions +, -./l0.K-). 1roteins re left in the c pill ry %hich c uses some % ter rem ins in the blood. lo% % ter potenti l 0
#elective Re bsorption
tubule)
+ t promix l convoluted
water potential 5 it cont ins lot of % ter s it tr vels do%n the duct* diffuses by osmosis into medull since th t h s very lo% % ter potenti l. Amount of % ter re bsorbed depends on the permeability of the % lls of the collectin' duct.
1) 7smoreceptors detect ch n'e +incre se.decre se of % ter potenti l in blood) 2) =ess A;).6ore A;) rele sed from posterior pituit ry 'l nd 3) /ollectin' duct % lls less.more perme ble <) =ess. more % ter re bsorbed into blood +more.less urine produced) +smoreceptors in hypothalamus of the brain1 @hen the % ter potenti l of the blood is lo% 5 osmorecetpor cells lose % ter by osmosis* %hich c uses them to shrin! nd stimul te neurosecretory cells.
,eurosecretory cells re speci lised neurones th t produce nd rele se A;) 5 A;) flo%s do%n the xon to the termin l bulb in the posterior pituit ry 'l nd. Action potenti l B rele se of A;).