2010 Third International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems

Electric Motor Soft-start Control Based on Fuzzy Theory

Feng Zhuang
Information Science and Engineering College Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang,China Email:fz9@163.com

Liu Shu
Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Equipment and network studio Shenyang,China Email:3819988@qq.com

AbstractAccording to the deficiency of traditional soft-starter control accuracy caused by unsuitable initial value of PID or value shifting for disturbance of environment, a strategy of applying fuzzy PID instead of traditional PID into control process of the soft-starter is put forward in this paper. The fuzzy PID theory, soft-start theory are introduced. At last, electric motors soft-start, smooth running and soft-stop is realized by computer simulation, and the result shows the truth and validity of this strategy. Key words: Electric Motor; Soft-start; Fuzzy PID; Computer Simulation

control accuracy caused by unsuitable initial value of PID or value shifting for disturbance of environment, a strategy of applying fuzzy PID instead of traditional PID into control process of the soft-starter is put forward in this paper. Fuzzy PID is mainly used for solving the traditional method and controlling the parameters in large scope and it is supeiror to the conventional PID controller and it runs with relatively higher reliability. The fuzzy PID theory, soft-start theory are introduced. At last, electric motors soft-start, smooth running and soft-stop is realized by computer simulation, and the result shows the truth and validity of this strategy.

I. PREFACE Electric Motor, as a drag machinery, has widely used in industrial and mining enterprises, transportation, and national defense industry, etc. It produces a dramatic instantaneous current while starting directly. The current can cause the severe heat from the Electric Motor if it is started frequently and the using expectancy of Electric Motor will be shortened. The electric network and it's electricity supply as well as the other load on the same network can be influenced adversely. For years, people usually adopt Y/ conversion, the decoupling step-down and the magnetron step-down etc. to bring the current under control. These methods can have certain restriction, but they usually flow by contactor switched to step-down voltage and cannot fundamentally get rid of the intense starting current impact. Because of the carrying contactor while starting, the arc damage will be brought about on contact. In addition, as the parameters of traditional starting equipment generally cannot be adjusted, the adaptability of the load is made inferiorly. The phenomena of starting unsuccessfully often occur when carrying the heavier load. With the rapid development of power electronic technology, using thyristor main circuit components and microcontroller as the control core of intelligent starting equipment to complete the motor-starting process has become a reality. According to the deficiency of traditional soft-starter
978-0-7695-4249-2/10 $26.00 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICINIS.2010.125 430

II. FPID CONTROL THEORY A. FPID control strategy Based on the conventional PID control, using fuzzy inference with different thoughts of PID parameters and EC auto-tuning online. According to this thought form control system composed of two parts. Conventional PID control is part of the parameter calibration and fuzzy reasoning. As shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

FPID control system diagram

PID control effect can describe below position type formula:

u ( k ) = kp * E ( k ) + ki * E ( k ) + kd * EC ( k )
i=0

Among E (k ) , i=0

E(i)

PM

PS ZE

ZE ZE

NS NM

NM NM

NM NM

NM NB

NB NB

, EC ( k ) , respectively, and the system

PB

error, error rate deviation. kpmohan, ki, respectively, the proportion of kd integral effect coefficient, coefficient of differential coefficient. KP mohan ki, and by the various decisions, kd [3]: kp=kp+{Ei,ECi}p ki=ki+ {Ei,ECi}i kd=kd+{Ei,ECi}d {Ei,ECi}p,{Ei,ECi}i,{Ei,ECi}d is the fuzzy reasoning results, namely the parameters of statics. KP mohan ki ,'initial parameter for kd. According to the parameter of KP mohan, ki, the system output characteristics of kd effects, according to the different E and EC, experts summed up a set of KP mohan, ki, kd setting principle [4] : a) when, for the system has good tracking performance,
ec kd e NB NM NS PS PS ZE ZE ZE PB PB NB NM NS ZE PS PM PB ki e ec

TABLE 2. KI MOHAN REGULATION RULES

NB

NM

NS

ZE

PS

PM

PB

NB NB NB NM NM ZE ZE

NB NB NM NM NS ZE ZE

NM NM NS NS ZE PS PS

NM NS NS ZE PS PS PM

NS NS ZE PS PS PM PM

ZE ZE PS PM PM PB PB

ZE ZE PS PM PB PB PB

TABLE3. KD MOHAN REGULATION RULES

should take larger and smaller of KP mohan, at the same time, in order to avoid kd system response appear larger overshoot, with integral effect, usually take restrictions ki = 0. b) when and medium size for the system with small over-correction KP mohan, shall obtain the small. In this case, the value of the system kd, should obtain some small ki, value should be appropriate, to ensure the response speed of the system. c) when a hour, to make the system has better performance and steady KP mohan ki, shall be obtained, meanwhile, in order to avoid larger value system in nearby, and consider the system appears oscillation, proper anti-jamming performance of selected kd. When the great kd can get smaller, More hours. Preferable kd. According to the three parameters adjustment principle, can write KP mohan, ki, regulation of kd. Rules,
TABLE 1. Ec kp e NB NM NS ZE PS PB PB PM PM PS PB PB PM PM PS PM PM PM PS ZE PM PS PS ZE NS PS PS ZE NS NS ZE ZE NS NM NM ZE NS NS NM NM NB NM NS ZE PS PM PB KP MOHAN REGULATION RULES NB NM NS ZE PS PM PB

NS NS NS NS ZE PS PM

NB NB NM NS ZE PS PM

NB NM NM NS ZE PS PM

NB NM NS NS ZE PS PS

NM NS NS NS ZE PS PS

PS ZE ZE ZE ZE PB PB

ZE PS PM PB

With motor output current and expected result of E and its rate as input variables, the EC thyristor trigger Angle alpha as output variable fuzzy controller, after the input information on fuzzy and fuzzy reasoning, fuzzy decision-making and specified approach, which is applied to control, accused of motor soft start-up process realized. Matlab fuzzy reasoning rules toolbox input interface is shown in figure 2.

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Figure 4 output U membership functions

III.

THE SYSTEM SIMULATION

Control system of computer simulation is applied to control system of modern scientific methods for scientific research is
Figure 2. The reasoning rules interface KP mohan

very important. MATLAB software should be outstanding in simulation software, it with powerful functions, operation simple features extensive scientific research personnel's favour. Based on MATLAB fuzzy toolbox and Simulink for motor soft starter for the FPID algorithm simulation research. Ordinary fuzzy PID and PID control Simulink charts respectively as shown in figure 5, 6.

B. Fuzzy control parameter selection Fuzzy soft starter input E and EC can be divided into seven fuzzy subsets, namely {NB, NM ZE, PS, NS, PB, PM,. Output U into five fuzzy subsets, namely {NB, ZR, PS, NS, PB}. E is for the domain with EC 31p], [the domain for [U]] - 6. Besides the membership functions of the selected ZR triangle membership functions, the rest are selected trapezoid subordinate function. Due to the soft with soft parked in the same time, as long as receiving feedback current reads commands start, and adjustable current given program, After receiving parking instruction into voltage feedback, and adjustable voltage can be given a program, with a complete two reasoning controller, the two variables respectively to control. Using above that greatly simplified and structure of the system from the subsequent simulation also can see this does not affect the effect of control system.

Figure 5 fuzzy PID control of Simulink structure

Figure 3 input E and EC of membership functions Figure 6 ordinary PID of Simulink structure

Simulation results are shown in figure 7. The whole process is divided into soft starter, stable operation and soft parking three stages. By the graph shows, compared with conventional PID control and fuzzy soft start-up process of fast response and small over-correction, small grid, won't cause large voltage drop,
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guarantee the stability of voltage power supply equipments, can improve the service life. After receiving instructions in the park to output current fuzzy control are set according to the current changes, has been completely parking, and has better tracking performance.

Figure 7 soft start-up process simulation results with soft parking

IV.

CONCLUSION

This paper tries to introduce fuzzy PID control strategy is applied to the motor soft starter to control, to make the system robustness, and to solve the motor stopped process of electric current and torque of the mechanical shock and itself negative impact on the grid issues. Based on MATLAB fuzzy toolbox and Simulink simulation results show the correctness of this strategy, further widened the application of the fuzzy control field. REFERENCES
[1] LiuBaoYi, XuBoJiang. Asynchronous motor control devices. Power electronic technology, 1999, 1.(in Chinese). [2] ZhangWenSheng, LiuYaoNian, ZhangYuXia. Asynchronous motor soft starter and application of intelligent electrical technology journal, 2000, 11. (in Chinese). [3] YuYongQuan, CengBi single-chip fuzzy logic control. Beijing aerospace university press, 1995(in Chinese). [4] LiangJian, Laurie, YangYongZhen. A new online real-time PID controller auto-tuning. Automation and instrumentation, 1996, (3) : 32-34(in Chinese).

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