AdvancedTopics UnderstandingPrestressModalAnalysesLecture UnderstandingPrestressModalAnalyses.

mp3

Understanding Prestress Modal Analyses

Prestress Modal Analyses are used to analyze modes for models that are under static loads.
A prestress modal analysis can be defined with the following options:

Previous Analysis Load Scale Factor Number of modes All Modes in Frequency Range

Design Model

Loaded Model LectureNotes

Prestress Modal Analysis Static loads can cause a state of stress that alters the stiffness of a model. The modes or natural frequencies of a model are generally a function of its stiffness and mass distribution. For this reason, it is advisable to use this analysis if the model is being subjected to static loads. The most common example of how prestress can affect modes can be found in musical instruments. Instruments such as the piano or guitar use tightened string to generate sound. Each time a string is plucked or disturbed, the sound caused by its vibration is at the natural frequency for that string. Tightening the string (increasing stress) generates high pitch sounds, and loosening it (decreasing stress) generates the low pitch sounds. A prestress modal analysis requires a static analysis to be run. The static analysis should include the loads that the component is being subject to. A prestress modal analysis can be defined with the following options:

Previous Analysis: If the model has more than one static analysis, you should specify which static analysis to use. If the static analysis has more than one load set, you will have to specify which load set to use. Load Scale Factor: You can specify a scaling factor by which the loads from the static analysis will be multiplied by. Number of modes: This option can be used to define how many modes Mechanica should find in the analysis. You can also define the minimum frequency where the mode search should start. All Modes in Frequency Range: You can use this option when the intent is not to find a specific number of modes, but to define a frequency range and determine all modes within that range. It should be noted that this technique requires significantly more memory than finding a specific number of modes.

Best Practices The best practice with prestress modal analyses is to recognize when they are needed. For instance, while gravity is a static load that is all present, it does not mean that a prestress modal analysis is needed for all models. Unless the materials density is very high compared to its stiffness (for example, imagine a long and slender shaft made of lead), gravity does not cause any significant change in the stiffness of a body. On the other hand, high speed turbo machinery is frequently analyzed for vibration issues (for example, rotor imbalance, misaligned couplings, and so on) and the effect of the centrifugal force is frequently overlooked. When a rotor is rotating at several thousand rpm, it is likely that centrifugal forces will alter the stiffness of the part. In addition, the analysis will account for spin softening for models with centrifugal loads applied.

UnderstandingPrestressModalAnalysesDemonstration UnderstandingPrestressModalAnalyses_demo.mp4 UnderstandingPrestressModalAnalysesProcedure

Procedure: Understanding Prestress Modal Analyses

Scenario
Create a prestress modal analysis for a turbo machinery component that is rotating at 10,000rpm. turbo_prop turbo_prop.prt

Task 1. Create and run a modal analysis for comparison.

1. Click Applications > Mechanica.

A static analysis has already been defined. The load applied is a centrifugal load with the rotational velocity set to 1047 rad/s. .

2. Click Mechanica Analyses/Studies 3. Click File > New Modal.

Type turbo_prop_modal in the analysis Name field. Accept the default settings for constraints and number of modes.

4. Click OK. 5. Click Start Run > Yes . once the analysis is started.

6. Click Display Study Status

The modes should be reported to occur at 0.22Hz, 90Hz, and 246 Hz.

Task 2. Create and run a prestress modal analysis for comparison.

1. If the Analysis and Design Studies window is not open, click Mechanica Analyses/Studies . 2. Click File > New Prestress > Modal.

Type turbo_prop_prestress_modal for the analysis Name. The static analysis turbo_prop_static should already be selected by default.

3. Select the Previous Analysis tab.

4. Click OK. 5. Click Start Run > Yes.

6. Click Display Study Status

once the analysis is started.

The modal frequencies are now reported to be at 24 Hz, 124 Hz, and 315 Hz. These frequencies are significantly different from what the nonprestressed modal analysis reported.

7. Return to the Standard Pro/ENGINEER mode by clicking Applications > Standard. 8. Click Save from the main toolbar and click OK to save the model. 9. Click File > Close Window from the main menu. 10. Click File > Erase > Not Displayed > OK to erase the model from memory.

11. Close any remaining Run Status dialog boxes. This completes the procedure.