EE2402 PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR LTPC 3003 AIM: To introduce the students to the various abnormal operating conditions

in power system and describe the apparatus and system protection schemes. Also to describe the phenomena of current interruption to study the various switchgears. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the causes of abnormal operating conditions (faults, lightning and switching surges) of the apparatus and system. To understand the characteristics and functions of relays and protection schemes. To understand the problems associated with circuit interruption by a circuit breaker. UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Importance of protective schemes for electrical apparatus and power system. Qualitative review of faults and fault currents relay terminology ! definitions and essential "ualities of protection. #rotection against over voltages due to lightning and switching arcing grounds #eterson $oil ground wires surge absorber and diverters #ower %ystem earthing ! neutral &arthing basic ideas of insulation coordination. UNIT II OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND RELAY CHARACTERISTICS 9 &lectromagnetic relays ! over current, directional and non directional, distance, negative se"uence, differential and under fre"uency relays ! Introduction to static relays. UNIT III APPARATUS PROTECTION 9 'ain considerations in apparatus protection transformer, generator and motor protection protection of busbars. Transmission line protection (ones of protection. $Ts and #Ts and their applications in protection schemes. UNIT IV THEORY OF CIRCUIT INTERRUPTION 9 #hysics of arc phenomena and arc interruption. )$ and A$ circuit breaking ! restriking voltage and recovery voltage rate of rise of recovery voltage resistance switching current chopping interruption of capacitive current. UNIT V CIRCUIT BREAKERS 9 Types of circuit breakers ! air blast, air break, oil, %* + and vacuum circuit breakers ! comparative merits of different circuit breakers ! testing of circuit breakers. TOTAL : 45 PERIODS TE T BOOKS: ,. '.-. %oni, #... /upta, ..%. 0hatnagar, A. $hakrabarti, 1A Te2t 0ook on #ower %ystem &ngineering3, )hanpat 4ai 5 $o., ,667. (*or All $hapters ,, 8, 9, : and ;). 8! 4.<.4a=put, A Te2 book of #ower %ystem &ngineering. -a2mi #ublications, *irst &dition 4eprint 8>>?. REFERENCES ,. %unil %. 4ao, 1%witchgear and #rotection3, <hanna publishers, @ew )elhi, ,67+. 8. $.-. Aadhwa, 1&lectrical #ower %ystems3, @ewage International (#) -td., 8>>>. 9. 0. 4avindranath, and @. $hander, 1#ower %ystem #rotection 5 %witchgear3, Ailey &astern -td., ,6??. :. 0adri 4am, .ishwakarma, 1#ower %ystem #rotection and %witchgear3, Tata 'c/raw Bill, 8>>,. ;. C./. #aithankar and %.4. 0hide, 1*undamentals of #ower %ystem #rotection3, #rentice Ball of India #vt. -td., @ew )elhi!,,>>>,, 8>>9.