READING THE TEXT Modern technology may change one's modes of action, but

they change neither its values, the reasons for it, nor the duty of
Changing World Lasting Values
Andre Maurois
(andrey morwa)
You hear many tales nowadays — that the world is absurd, that
everything has changed, that old moral values have died. This
is all non-sense, for if you look for reality beneath the clutter of
words which hide it, you will rediscover the eternal man. True
values were not invented for the pleasure of senile moralists.
They exist because without them, neither society nor happiness
could survive. Here, then, are a few rules as old as civilization
itself which remain true despite the advances of science and
technology.
faithfulness. Thus it was in the beginning and so it will always
be.
Comprehending the Text
Choose the word or word-group that best completes each
sentence. Write the answer on the blanks.
1. The essay tells us that in spite of the changes in our world
brought about by science and technology ______.
a. our lifestyle does not change'
b. fundamental values do not change
c. our standard of living remains the same
d. our economic status remains the same

The first is that man must live for something other than 2. To be truly happy, we must live for ______.
himself. The man who meditates ceaselessly about himself a. ourselves b. our goals
finds a thousand reasons to be unhappy. He has not c. fame d. others
accomplished everything he wanted to or should have done; he
has not gotten everything he thought he deserved; he has not 3. Maurois says that nobody can change the whole world, but
been loved as he dreamed of being loved- But if he lives for we can do our ______.
ideals outside of himself — for his faith or his country, for his a. job b. writing
friends, his wife and family, he miraculously forgets all his c. thinking d. reading
petty worries. In trying to make others happy, he also makes
himself happy. "The veritable inner world is the veritable outer 4. Maurois believes that the most important value is ______.
world." a. selflessness b. action
c. courage d. faithfulness
The second rule is that man must act. "The joy of the soul is in
action." Instead of lamenting the absurdity of the world, let us 5. The essay is ______.
try to transform our own little corner. It is not impossible. We a. humorous b. formal
cannot change the whole universe, but who hopes to do that? c. informal d. sarcastic
Our objective is much more simple: to do our job and do it
well, to become a master at it. Each one works in his own field. 6. "Old moral values have died." The author ______.
I write books, the carpenter assembles my bookshelves, the a. agrees to this idea
policeman directs traffic, the engineer, constructs, the minister b. does not believe it
governs. All of them, kept busy at work which they know how c. is doubtful about it
to do well, are happy. This is so true that when people have d. thinks it is true
leisure time, they keep busy with apparently useless activities
such as games and sports. As for useful action, we know from 7. "Without them, neither society nor happiness could survive."
experience that it is effective: an active mayor makes a city Them refers to ______.
prosperous; an active priest brings vitality to a parish. "Happy a. true values
are those in whose eyes men look for order." b. senile moralists
c. science and technology
The third rule is that one must believe in the power of the will. d. many tales
It is not true that the future is predetermined- A great man can
change the course of history. Any man who has the courage and 8. "Without them, neither society nor happiness could survive."
the will can change his own future. Naturally, none of us is all- This statement means that without values ______.
powerful. Each man's freedom has its limits. Freedom lies a. happiness could survive
between the border of the possible and the will. It is beyond my b. society could survive, not happiness
power to prevent war, but I can perform an act which, c. both society and happiness could not survive
multiplied by millions, will be effective. It is not possible for d, both society and happiness could survive
me to win a battle, but it is up to me to be a courageous soldier.
Since this limitation of the will is dependent on what one dares, 9. To impress upon the reader that some values are vital or
one must not worry about his limitation; but do the best he can. essential, the author states them in the form of _______.
a. stories that give lessons
Finally, the fourth, and most precious of all values, is b. jokes that make people laugh
faithfulness, Faithfulness to promises, contracts, to others, and c. problems that must be solved
to oneself. One must be among those who can be counted upon. d. rules that must be followed
Faithfulness is not an easy virtue. Thousand of temptations are
thrown across our paths. "Faithfulness in marriage," said 10. The main purpose of the writer is to _______.
Bernard Shaw, is no more natural to man than the cage to the a. draw conclusions
tiger." Undoubtedly, faithfulness is "natural." It is born of a b. give advice
voluntary decision, constantly renewed, which helps us to rise c. give information
above our natures. But it gives us the lasting joy of being at d. pass judgments
peace with ourselves. I may forego an immediate pleasure to
assure myself the great joy in the future of looking at my past Discuss the following:
without shame, but with pride. 1. What is the main idea of the essay? How should the title be
read?
Every society in which citizens live for naught but fleeting 2. Do you agree that without true values society could not
pleasures, where men no longer trust each other, and whose survive?
members let themselves go is doomed. When Rome let go and 3. What four values does Maurois consider important?
ceased to set store by the values which made her great, she 4. Why does Maurois refer to the four values as rules?
perished. When France clung to eternal values she was saved. 5. Which value do you consider most important? Why?
 c) (She wears a school uniform. She carries books.)
She must be a student.
Grammar Points
The present and past forms of the common modals are as Activity 1: Complete each sentence with the right modal.
follows: The intended meaning is given in parentheses.
Present Past
can could
1. Mylene ______ train in computers next year. (futurity)
will would
shall should 2. Lizzy ______ go see a doctor right away. (necessity)
may might
3. The tank ______ overheat and explode. (less probability)
must had to
4. Some people ______ be allergic to sweet potato, (strong
The modals express a variety of meanings.
probability)
1. Can denotes a) ability, b) permission or request, or c) 5. Overwork ______ make people sick. (possibility)
possibility.
6. Emil _______ make an excellent teacher if he tried harder,
Examples:
a. Myra can design dresses. (willingness in a potential way)
She could work for hours.
7. Michael ___________ fly a helicopter, (ability)
b. Can I leave a message?
Could you switch off the light? 8. ______ we give them excellent service? (suggestion)
c. Life can be difficult.
9. The Look is not in my bag. I ______ have left it in my room.
Traffic could be heavy on weekends.
(inference)
2. Will indicates a) futurity, or b) willingness or choice
10. When Lucy was living with us, she _______ exercise
Examples:
The investigation will start tomorrow. regularly. (past habitual action)
I will serve the salad now.
11. ______ you always remain true to your ideals, (wish)
Will you help us, please?
12. Classes are over. ______ we go to the library? (suggestion)
Would expresses a) willingness in a potential way b) polite
question requests c) future intention from the past point of
Activity 2: Choose the letter that corresponds to the
view, or d) past habitual action.
appropriate expression of an inference or logical
a) I would build a house if I had money.
conclusion.
b) Would you help me across the street?
c) The lawyer said he would file the case.
1. Nora is yawning.
d) When they were young, they would go fishing
a. She is sleepy.
every day.
b. She may be sleepy,
c. She can be sleepy.
3. Shall expresses suggestion in a yes-no question.
d.- She must be sleepy.
Shall we leave early?
Shall we go?
2. Cindy is knocking on the door of the Ramos apartment. She
has rung the doorbell several times. Nobody has answered the
Shad is used in the same way as will but is often used in
door.
ceremonies when protocol is an important factor.
a. Nobody is at home.
The Prime Minister shall welcome the delegates.
b. Nobody must be at home.
We shall begin with an invocation.
c. Nobody might be at home.
d. Nobody could be at home.
Should expresses obligation.
Citizens should pay taxes.
3. Cesar looks very tired. He has been sneezing and coughing.
He has a headache.
4. May expresses a) permission, b) probability, or c) a wteh
a. He must be sick.
Examples:
b. He could be sick-
a) You may go home now.
c. He may be sick.
May I walk with you?
d. He is sick.
b) It may be cloudy tomorrow.
The balloon may burst.
4. Joanna has walked in the hot sun for an hour. She has Just
They may win the game.
drunk one glass of water. Right now she is refilling her glass.
c) May there be peace in this world.
a. She is thirsty.
May God bless you.
b. She might be thirsty.
c. She must be thirsty.
Might is used to express less probability,
d. She should be thirsty.
He told us he might come.
The balloons might burst.
5. When the teacher asked Noel a question, he blushed and his
They might win the game.
ears became red. He looked down and did not answer.
It might be cloudy tomorrow.
a. He was embarrassed.
b. He could be embarrassed.
5. Must is used a) to express very strong obligation or
c. He must have been embarrassed.
necessity, or b) in making inferences or logical conclusions
d. He would have been embarrassed.
Examples:
a) We must graduate with honors.
We must serve our country.
b) (It barks. It wags its tail.)
It must be a dog.
 3. Since we have to be there before the concert starts, we
______ take a taxi.
ACTIVITY 3 a. can c. may
This exercise will enable you to indicate degrees of certainty b. might d. should
through your choice of modals. Using the information about
the given situation, complete the sentences. 4. "It _______ rain tonight. Why dont you bring an umbrella."
"That's a good idea. May I borrow yours?"
1. Situation: Someone's knocking at the door. a. might c. can
I wonder who it is. b. must d. should
Information:
Rickk is out of town. 5. "You haven’t eaten since last night. You ______ be really
Roxy promised to come and see me today. hungry."
Ester, my neighbor, drops by every now and then. “I am."
a. might c. must
a. It must be __________________. b. will d. can
b. It couldn't be ______________.
c. It might be _______________. 6. "______ you hand me the can opener, please?"
a. Might c. Must
2. Situation: The meeting starts in half an hour. I wonder who b. Will d. Should
is coming,
Information: 7. We need a secretary who is excellent at computers and
Helen called up. She's on her way. ______ do correspondence.
Edna seldom misses a meeting. a. might c. must
Lina is out of town. b. will d. can
Tess sometimes comes to the meetings; sometimes she doesn’t. 8. "Is littering against the law?"
a. ______ won't be at the meeting. "Yes, there's a law that says that you ______ throw trash on
b. ______ might come. the streets."
c. ______ will attend the meeting. a. don't have to c. must not
d. ______ should be at the meeting. b. couldn’t d. might not

3. Situation: Someone ran into a tree in front of our house. I
wonder who did it.
Information:
Susan has a car and was out driving last night.
Andy has a car, but I'm pretty sure he was at home last night.
Linda doesn't have a car, and she docsnt know how to drive.
Carlo was out driving last night, and today his car has a big
dent in front.
a. It couldn't have been ___________.
b. It must not have been ___________
c. It could have been ______________
d. It must have been ________________
Activity 4
Restate the following sentences using the appropriate
modal.
Example: Myra has the ability to write.
Sentence: Myra can write.
1. It is necessary that we work hard.
2. Celine has the ability to build bridges.
3. There is a possibility of rain tomorrow.
4. As a child, Kevin habitually goes to the library every week.
5. Will you give me permission to go to the zoo?
Activity 5
Choose the expression that best completes the sentence.
1. Ivy is sitting at her desk. She's reading her botany book
because she has a test tomorrow. She ______.
a. will study c. must be studying
b. might study d- should be studying
9. "Have you finished answering?"
"Yes. ______ I leave the room now?"
a. May c. Might
b. Should d. Will
10. "My teacher always looks over my shoulder whenever I
write anything."
"That ______ bother you." "But it does."
a. cant c. shouldn't
b. wont d. may not
Activity 6
Complete the following paragraph with appropriate modals to
show degrees of certainty,
I'm in a hotel lobby. I'm looking at a man who is
wearing a brown suit and carrying a briefcase. He is talking to
a man at the registration desk. He 1) ______be registering to
stay in the hotel. Or he 2)______ be simply asking a question,
but I doubt it. Judging from his clothes, he 3) ______ be a
businessman. He 4) ______ be a doctor or a professor. He has
salt-and-pepper hair and not too many wrinkles. He 5) ______
be abou' 50 or 53. He doesn't have any luggage with him.
The porter has taken his suitcases. The hotel clerk is handing
the man a key. Aha! I was right. He has registered to stay in the
hotel.

2. When Mr. Reyes was younger, he ______ work in the garden

for hours. He loves gardening. Now he has to take frequent
rests because he has asthma.
a. can c. must
b. would d. would be able to