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Medieval Europe: Packet #1
To Do List:
Shade and label the following areas according the the descriptions in this packet: Byzantine
Empire, land controlled by Clovis, & land controlled by Charlemagne
Complete a detailed flow chart of the reading from beginning to end, INCLUDING names, dates,
places, events.
Complete video notes for The Dark Ages from the History Channel.
Big Picture timeline of what else was going on OUTSIDE of Europe at the same time
Create a fake Facebook Page for Charlemagne using information from the reading.
Define the vocabulary terms below.

Content Vocab
(Use the reading in this packet!)
Academic Vocab
(Use your phone or a dictionary!)
Franks Consolidated
Clovis Heathen
Charles Martel Vanquish
Tours (732) Administration
Pepin the Short Envoy
Charlemagne
Feudal System
Aachen
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The Dark Ages
Source: The History Channel
1. When the Roman Empire crumbled, Europe was besieged. List 4 things that happened as a result:

A. B.

C. D.
2. 410 A.D. " What is the importance of the Visigoths?

3. Rome had never before been____________________. For three days, the citizens

4. How was the siege of Rome a #profit-making career move$?

5. Why did the enemies of Rome surround the city?

6. How long did Romans last in the sealed off city?

7. How was Rome already weakened before the invasion?

8. What was a negative consequence of Rome%s success with world-wide TRADE?

9. After Rome's fall, what happened to city life throughout Europe?

10. What were some signs left from a stronger civilization in the past?

A. B.

C. D.
11. A new form of unity was emerging " who was considered the new emperor in terms of uniting people?

12. In a violent world, what was the only common thread of offering eternal peace?

13. The Roman emperor Constantine had ______________________ to Christianity in 313.
14. Clovis said his battles were holy wars. Why did he think this?

15. Who or what was described as #God's justice comes down to earth$?

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16. Despite his barbarianism, his legacy was could be explained by 3 things:
A.

B.
C.
17. In the East, the Roman Empire had endured in the city of.

18. Why did trade and industry collapse during the Dark Ages?

19. Often, the only bright spot in people"s lives was:

20. In the middle ages, what was a common person"s work schedule like?

21. Who were the only literate people in Europe during the Middle Ages?

22. 732 A.D.: Franks v. Moors. Explain why this was a holy war?

23. What is the basis of every successful army?

24. Why was Charles credited as the savior of Christianity?

25. His grandson, Charlemagne, would become:

26. He founded the:

27. Charlemagne offered the conquered a simple choice:

28. He was distinguished from other leaders by combining three factors:

A.

B.

C.

29. On Christmas Day, he 800, he was _______________________ by the ______________.


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AGE O F F A I T H : 5 0 0 - 1 1 5 0
Charlemagne
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the Roman Empire was dis-
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d
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p
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e
d
b
y
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tered groups of Germanic tribes.
Among these, the Franks, who
lived i n northern and western
Europe, emerged as the strongest.
A series of Frankish kings gradually
amassed more and more territory
into one realm. By the eighth cen-
tury, the one who came to be known
as Charlemagne ruled a domain
incorporating the lands that now
form most of modern France,
southwestern Germany, Belgium,
and the Netherlands.
The Franks had achieved some
measure of unity nearly 300 years
earlier, around 500, when Clovis of
the Merovingian dynasty defeated
rival Frankish chieftains and co
nsolidated his rule over what is n
ow southwestern Germany and France.
He also became Roman Catholic,
helping to spread Christianity i
nEurope and gaining support from
the pope in Rome. After Clovis'
sdeath and the division o f his
kingdom among his sons, these
Merovingian kings gradually lost
control of their holdings, which
came to be administered by men
called "mayors of the palace."
One of these mayors, Charles
Martel ("The Hammer"), led a
Frankish force against the Muslim
army that was moving into Europe
through Spain. After his victory
at Tours in 732, in which he was
hailed as the defender of Christen-
dom, the Franks became united
politically behind Charles and
his family, later known as the Car-,
olingians. In 751, with the backing
of the Frankish nobles and the
blessing of the Christian church,
Charles's son Pepin the Short
deposed the reigning Merovingian
and became king of the Franks.
In return for its blessing, Pepini
struck against the church's enemies,
forcing the heathen Lombards to i
withdraw from Rome and granting
a strip of land in central Italy to
Pope Stephen I I . The papacy's
power in Italy grew, and i t was
bound closer to the Franks and dis-
tanced from the Byzantine Empire
in Constantinople, a division that
would deepen over time.
In 768 Pepin's son Charles, later
called Charlemagne, or Charles the
In a loth-century portrait that draws more on
legend than history, Charlemagne consigns the
plate and chalice from the Last Supper to a vault
in his cathedral at Aachen.
Great, became king of the Franks
at the age of 26. A large manhis
remains indicate he was about six
feet, four inches tallCharlemagne
was as energetic a warri or as
he was a statesman. Charming,
friendly, f ond of hunting and
swimming, he spent most of his time
on horseback, traveling constantly
to monitor his lands and expand
their borders. During his reign he
conquered what is now Germany,
France, northern Spain, and most
of Italy, forcing defeated people to
accept Christianity. Once, when the
vanquished failed to convert, he had
4,500 Germans rounded up and
beheaded in one day.
From King to Emperor
Sometimes called t he "Father
of Europe," Charlemagne brought
to his lands a unity not known since
the earlier days of the Roman
Empire. Although barely literate
himself, he respected learning and
encouraged the founding of schools
in cathedrals and monasteries.
He granted land to nobles who
would support him politically and
militarily and created an atmos-
phere in which craftsmen could
work. Al though he delegated
much of the local administration to
his counts, he knew better than to
allow them free rein. Instead, he cre-
ated an order of court officials
known as missi dominici, envoys of
the lord ruler, who visited the counts
and inspected their operations. The
Origin of the feudal system (see pp.
1
2
8
-
2
9
)
,
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
v
a
s
s
a
l
s
o
w
e
l
o
y
-
alty to local overlords, is often dated
to Charlemagne's era.
Later in his life, Charlemagne
slowed his constant traveling in
order t o bui l d a grand palace
at Aachen, in what is now western
Germany. The palace included
marble, gold, silver, and brass,
and incorporated mosaics taken
from old Roman buildings. Charle-
magne swam every day i n the
palace's hot springs, often joined by
friends. He founded a school at
Aachen that became a center of Car-
olingian learning.
Charlemagne's expanding em-
pire created great alarm within the
west's other great power, the Byzan-
tine Empi re. The Byzantines
believed that there was room for
only one emperor in the former
Roman Empire, and that ruler was
theirs. Yet they couldn't ignore
Charlemagne's strength. His armies
occasionally clashed with those of
Byzantium over disputed areas of
land. A proposed marriage between
his daughter and the son of Irene,
ruling regent of the Byzantine
Empire, eventually fell apart.
Byzantium's fears were realized
in 800. Charlemagne had come to
the defense of the pope against
opposing nobles in Rome; in grat-
itude, the pope crowned him Holy
Roman Emperor in St. Peter's on
Christmas Day.
Charlemagne accepted the coro-
nation, and the Byzantines recog-
nized his title in 812. Yet the empire
he controlled barely outlived him.
After Charlemagne died in 814, his
empire became a patchwork of
kingdoms controlled by rulers who
passed the land to heirs. Charles the
Great's children and grandchildren
lacked his strength and abilities,
and what had briefly been a united
Europe became again a number of
independent kingdoms.
NOTABLE DATES
481-511
Clovis, who eliminated the last traces of
Roman rule from Gaul and organized
the Franks into a powerful Christian
state, rules.
714-741
The .t.varrior Charles Martel, a "mayor
of the palace,' who was never formal
mimed hirig of the Franks, rules.
751-768
Cheldps Marices son Pepin, who
Founded the Carolingian dynasty, rules,
768
Pepin's son Charles, larer known as
Charlemagne, ascends to the throne
(along with his older brother, Carloman,
who dies, shortly afterward).
773
Chciricirnogne is crowned lung or
Lombards after conquering the Lom-
bards in northern Italy.
794
Charlemagne decides to establish his
court arid capital at Aachen and begins
construction of a palace complex there,
800
Pope Leo II crowns Charlemagne Holy
Raman Emperor.
1 812
Byzantine rulers agree to recognize
Charlemagne's title.
814
Charlemagne dies.
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Big Picture Timeline: What else was going on at the same time?


















500 BCE o 500 1000 1500 CE


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