Energy Recycling

Gulshan Kumar Mohit Kumar , Paritosh Vikram2, Santosh Kumar3

1,2,3

Electronics and Instrumentation, Galgotias College Of Engineering And Technology Greater Noida
mohit.singh211@gmail.com paritoshvikram@gmail.com 3 santoshkumarsgr38@gmail.com
2 1

Abstract The main aim of this project is ENERGY RECYCLING, because energy is the basic part of humans life. So the concept of this method is use for energy generation. Here we use many types of BASIC electrical component. This technology is based on the combination of mechanical and electrical component. With the help of this setup we can achieve a electrical output without any external energy source Keywords BOOSTUP CIRCUIT, STEPUP TRANSFORMER, DYNAMO, AC TO DC CONVERTOR

I.

INTRODUCTION

A dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electricpower conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary converter. Today, the simpler alternator dominates large scale power generation, for efficiency, reliability and cost reasons. A dynamo has the disadvantages of a mechanical commutator. Also, converting alternating to direct current using power rectification devices (vacuum tube or more recently solid state) is effective and usually economic.

This technology is based on the combination of mechanical and electrical component. With the help of this setup we can achieve a electrical output without any external energy source. The setup is shown belowWhen we initially give the mechanical input to the dynamo first it will produced electrical output. This electrical output boosted by a DC booster circuit after this the output of the DC booster is converted into a AC voltage via DC to AC convertor. And after this we will apply load in series remaining power will give to dynamo 2. And dynamo 2 is connected to the dynamo 1 via mechanical belt and due to this dynamo 1 will be rotate again and this process will be continue.

II.

DYNAMO

Dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid acts to maintain a magnetic field. This theory is used to explain the presence of anomalously long-lived magnetic fields in astrophysical bodies. The conductive fluid in the geodynamo is liquid iron in the outer core, and in the solar dynamo is ionized gas at the tachocline. Dynamo theory of astrophysical bodies uses magnetohydrodynamic equations to investigate how the fluid can continuously regenerate the magnetic field.

It was once believed that the dipole, which comprises much of the Earth's magnetic field and is misaligned along the rotation axis by 11.3 degrees, was caused by permanent magnetization of the materials in the earth. This means that dynamo theory was originally used to explain the Sun's magnetic field in its relationship with that of the Earth. However, this hypothesis, which was initially proposed by Joseph Larmor in 1919, has been modified due to extensive studies of magnetic secular variation, paleomagnetism (including polarity reversals), seismology, and the solar system's abundance of elements. Also, the application of the theories of Carl Friedrich Gauss to magnetic observations showed that Earth's magnetic field had an internal, rather than external, origin. There are three requisites for a dynamo to operate: An electrically conductive fluid medium Kinetic energy provided by planetary rotation

The Max761 is a 300kHz fixed frequency boost regulator that integrates a N-channel power MOSFET which allows peak currents up to 1A. In the standard application circuit the IC is powered from the output voltage ( bootstrapped mode ) and provide a fixed output of 12V (FB pin is connected to ground). For a 13.5V output voltage, the IC is powered from the supply voltage ( non- bootstrapped mode ), external resistor divider must be used as you can see in the follow circuit diagram. A boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS containing at least two semiconductor switches (a diode and a transistor) and at least one energy storage element, a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combination. Filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with inductors) are normally added to the output of the converter to reduce output voltage ripple.

In the case of the Earth, the magnetic field is induced and constantly maintained by the convection of liquid iron in the outer core. A requirement for the induction of field is a rotating fluid. Rotation in the outer core is supplied by the Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth. The coriolis force tends to organize fluid motions and electric currents into columns (also see Taylor columns) aligned with the rotation axis. Induction or creation of magnetic field is described by the induction equation:

IV.

DC TO AC CONVERTOR

III.

BOOST UP CIRCUIT

Converts DC to AC power by switching the DC input voltage (or current)in a pre-determined sequence so as to generate AC voltage (or current) output. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS:Un-interruptible power supply (UPS), Industrial (induction motor) drives, Traction, HVDC A power inverter, or inverter, is an electrical power converter that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage, and frequency are dependent on design. Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process. Some applications for inverters include converting high-voltage direct currentelectric utility line power to AC, and deriving AC from DC power sources such as batteries

It is a electronics circuit that can produce amplified o/p in dc form the circuit dig is shown billow

V.

TRANSFORMER

gaps right through the cross-section of the core. These staggered joints are said to be imbricated. Both the coils have high mutual inductance. A mutual electro-motive force is induced in the transformer from the alternating flux that is set up in the laminated core, due to the coil that is connected to a source of alternating voltage. Most of the alternating flux developed by this coil is linked with the other coil and thus produces the mutual induced electro-motive force. The so produced electro-motive force can be explained with the help of Faradays laws of Electromagnetic Induction as e=M*dI/dt If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flows in it and thus electrical energy is transferred magnetically from the first to the second coil. The alternating current supply is given to the first coil and hence it can be called as the primary winding. The energy is drawn out from the second coil and thus can be called as the secondary winding. In short, a transformer carries the operations shown below: 1. Transfer of electric power from one circuit to another. 2. Transfer of electric power without any change in frequency. 3. Transfer with the principle of electromagnetic induction. 4. The two electrical circuits are linked by mutual induction.

A transformer can be defined as a static device which helps in the transformation of electric power in one circuit to electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. The voltage can be raised or lowered in a circuit, but with a proportional increase or decrease in the current ratings. The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance. The working principle of the transformer can be understood from the figure below.

VI.

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

A step up transform increased input voltage in a circuit. A transformer is a simple passive device created from wound coils of wire on two separate circuits. Constructing it with fewer wire coils on the output as compared to the input, the output voltage is increased proportionately.

As shown above the transformer has primary and secondary windings. The core laminations are joined in the form of strips in between the strips you can see that there are some narrow

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding. Transformers can be used to vary the relative voltage of circuits orisolate them, or both. Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used

in microphones to units weighing hundreds of tons interconnecting the power grid. A wide range of transformer designs are used in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers are essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. Transformers are a pair of coils or solenoids that are usually wrapped around an iron core. Step-up transformers are created specifically to "step up" or increase voltages. This is useful in numerous applications. They operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field creates a voltage. An AC voltage at the first coil creates a magnetic field inside of it, causing a current in the second coil. The induced current causes the second coil to have a changing magnetic field that in turn generates a voltage.

ACKNOWLEGMENT I/We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the review paper entitled Energy Recycling by me/us in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech. (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) submitted in the Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering at Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology has been carried out by me/us under the supervision of Gunshan kumar. REFERENCE
[1]. Basso, Christophe (2008). Switch Mode Power Supplies: SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs. New-York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-150858-9. [2]. "Boost Converter Operation". LT1070 Design Manual, Carl Nelson & Jim Williams

[3]. Knowlton, A.E. (Ed.) (1949). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 597, Fig. 642. [4]. Mack, James E.; Shoemaker, Thomas (2006). "Chapter 15 Distribution Transformers".The Lineman's and Cableman's Handbook (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 151 to 15 22 [5]. Willis, H. Lee (2004). Power Distribution Planning Reference Book. CRC Press. p. 403. [6]. Gururaj, B.I. (June 1963). "Natural Frequencies of 3-Phase Transformer Windings". IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 82 (66): 318329. [7]. Mohan, Ned; Undeland, Tore M., Robbins, William P. (2003). Power Electronics. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-42908-2.