LR FPSO Design

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International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

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OGP Marine Risks Workshop Proceedings
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,. Tanker Conversions to FPSOs
Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register
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Presentation on Presentation on
Tanker Conversions
Tanker Conversions
to
to
FPSOs
FPSOs
Rob Rob Potthurst Potthurst
Offshore Floating Units Offshore Floating Units
Oil and Gas Oil and Gas
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Overview Overview
Market summary Market summary
LR Experience LR Experience
Key issues Key issues
Rules and Regulations Rules and Regulations
Hull strength and fatigue Hull strength and fatigue
Some lessons learnt (hopefully) Some lessons learnt (hopefully)
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FPSO / FSO
Market
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Total 70+ units worldwide
Total 70+ units worldwide
Newbuild Newbuild
(30%) (30%)
Conversion Conversion
(70%) (70%)
Ship Ship- -type Floating type Floating
Production Units Production Units
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:)
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sFuture Floating Offshore Future Floating Offshore
Installation Projects Installation Projects
Analysis of asset types identified under the Analysis of asset types identified under the
most likely development solution most likely development solution
TLP TLP
(11%) (11%)
FSO FSO
(8%) (8%)
Semi Semi
(3%) (3%)
SPAR SPAR
(18%) (18%)
FPSO FPSO
(60%) (60%)
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F(P)SO Capabilities F(P)SO Capabilities
Typical Requirements Typical Requirements
Storage 200,000 - 2,000,000 barrels
Production 30,000 - 300,000 bopd
Vessel 100,000 - 350,000 tonnes
Water depth 70 - 1500 metres
Topsides 2000 - 33000 tonnes
Risers 1 - > 30
Wave height benign - > 30 metres
Air temp -20
o
C - > 30
o
C
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (,)
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LR Experience
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LR Experience LR Experience
FPSO and FSO Units
Steel Fixed Platforms ~ 800
Buoys
Pipelines
Jack-ups
Semi-submersibles
Concrete Structures
~ 40
~ 15
~ 70
~ 50
~ 75
~ 30
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register ()
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Floating Production Installations
- LR Worldwide Experience
Brazi Brazi
l l
3 3
Canada Canada
3 3
North North
Sea Sea
19 19
Mediterranea Mediterranea
n n
4 4
Vietna Vietna
m m
2 2
Australia Australia
5 5
Philippine Philippine
s s
2 2
New New
Zealand Zealand
1 1
West of West of
Shetlands Shetlands
1 1
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Recent Conversion Experience Recent Conversion Experience
Amerada Hess Triton Amerada Hess Triton
Amerada Hess Fife Amerada Hess Fife
Amerada Hess Amerada Hess Bluewater Bluewater Durward Durward/Dauntless /Dauntless
Bluewater Bluewater Bleo Bleo Holm Holm
Expro Expro Efiat Efiat Abana Abana
MAS Curlew MAS Curlew
Petechim Petechim Vietsovpetro Vietsovpetro Dragon Dragon
Petrobras Petrobras Roncador Roncador
Petrobras Petrobras Barracuda (ex Barracuda (ex PP.Moraes PP.Moraes) )
Reading & Bates Reading & Bates Seallion Seallion
Shell Todd Maui B Shell Todd Maui B
SLP/ SLP/Maersk Maersk Conoco Conoco MacCulloch MacCulloch
Shell Shell soreena soreena
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Example of Conversion Example of Conversion
Conoco Conoco MacCulloch MacCulloch
North Sea Producer North Sea Producer - - Teesside Teesside
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Example of Conversion Example of Conversion
FPSO Whakaaropai
for Shell Todd Maui B Field
FPSO FPSO Whakaaropai Whakaaropai
for Shell Todd Maui B Field for Shell Todd Maui B Field
Oil Storage Capacity approx. 760,000bbls
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (o)
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Conversions
Key Issues
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Overall requirements Overall requirements
Shallow/Deepwater Shallow/Deepwater
Turret/Spread mooring Turret/Spread mooring
arrangements arrangements
Permanent / Permanent / Disconnectable Disconnectable
moorings moorings
Small/Large displacement hulls Small/Large displacement hulls
Benign/Harsh environments Benign/Harsh environments
Project management required Project management required
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (;)
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What makes an FPSO different What makes an FPSO different
from a trading tanker? from a trading tanker?
Operations and safety requirements Operations and safety requirements
Layout and arrangement Layout and arrangement
Specified service/location Specified service/location
Rules and regulations Rules and regulations
Design/construction/commissioning Design/construction/commissioning
In In- -situ inspection/maintenance situ inspection/maintenance
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Key Choice Drivers Key Choice Drivers
Project and client requirements Project and client requirements
time to first oil time to first oil
location/environment location/environment
function function
life cycle costs life cycle costs
Statutory and National Authority requirements Statutory and National Authority requirements
Ship Yard schedule Ship Yard schedule
availability / capability / price availability / capability / price
location location
Availability of suitable tonnage Availability of suitable tonnage
capacity capacity
condition, age condition, age
upgrading scope upgrading scope
New build: 2 to 3 years; Conversion: 1 to 2 years New build: 2 to 3 years; Conversion: 1 to 2 years
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register ()
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Hull Selection Issues (conversion) Hull Selection Issues (conversion)
Vessel age, condition and service history Vessel age, condition and service history
hull global strength hull global strength
remaining corrosion margins remaining corrosion margins
remaining fatigue life remaining fatigue life
structural steelwork replacement structural steelwork replacement
Mooring structure Mooring structure
internal or external modifications internal or external modifications
structural reinforcement structural reinforcement
Topside integration Topside integration
structural reinforcement structural reinforcement
Upgrades Upgrades
equipment / systems equipment / systems
coatings / corrosion control coatings / corrosion control
machinery machinery
accommodation accommodation
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Conversion Conversion - - Major Works Major Works
Existing Hull Existing Hull
Removals/modifications Removals/modifications
hull steelwork, coatings etc. hull steelwork, coatings etc.
propulsion and other machinery propulsion and other machinery
rudder/steering gear rudder/steering gear
accommodation, deckhouses and accommodation, deckhouses and helideck helideck
piping systems piping systems
Upgrades Upgrades
marine and topsides control system integration marine and topsides control system integration
fire protection systems and their integration fire protection systems and their integration
power generation systems and their integration power generation systems and their integration
cargo tank venting arrangement cargo tank venting arrangement
ballast and cargo oil pumps and valves ballast and cargo oil pumps and valves
inert gas system inert gas system
utility systems ( utility systems (eg eg water, steam, heating) water, steam, heating)
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Conversion Conversion - - Major Works Major Works
Hull Additions Hull Additions
turret or spread mooring system, equipment, etc turret or spread mooring system, equipment, etc
riser porches or fluid transfer system and piping riser porches or fluid transfer system and piping
provision of thrusters provision of thrusters
installation of process deck supports installation of process deck supports
process systems process systems PAUs PAUs, flare and piping , flare and piping
blast walls blast walls
life saving equipment life saving equipment
fire and gas equipment and systems fire and gas equipment and systems
evacuation measures evacuation measures
bulwark and breakwater bulwark and breakwater
lifting equipment lifting equipment
loading instrument (computer) loading instrument (computer)
offloading system offloading system
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Mooring Arrangements Mooring Arrangements
Bow Bow
Mooring Mooring
Internal Internal
Turret Turret
Mooring Mooring
Spread Spread
Mooring Mooring
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:c)
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Turret Mooring Systems Turret Mooring Systems
Large Internal Turret Large Internal Turret
Small Internal Turret Small Internal Turret
Riser Turret Mooring Riser Turret Mooring
(D) (D)
External Turret Mooring External Turret Mooring Submerged Turret Submerged Turret
Production (D) Production (D)
Buoyant Turret Buoyant Turret
Mooring (D) Mooring (D)
Internal Internal External External
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General arrangement General arrangement
Living quarters at the stern Living quarters at the stern
Living quarters Living quarters
Oil Oil
Sep. Sep.
P.G. P.G.
Gas Gas
Comp. Comp.
Metering Metering
Flare Tower Flare Tower
Turret Turret
Living quarters Living quarters
P.G. P.G.
Oil Oil
Sep. Sep.
Gas Gas
Comp. Comp.
Metering Metering
Flare Tower Flare Tower
Turret Turret
Living quarters at the bow Living quarters at the bow
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (::)
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FPSO
Rules and Regulations
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Governing Regulations Governing Regulations
Local National Authority Local National Authority
Class Rules for FPSO Installations Class Rules for FPSO Installations
Flag State Flag State
International Conventions International Conventions
SOLAS, MARPOL, LOADLINE, SOLAS, MARPOL, LOADLINE,
TONNAGE TONNAGE
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National Regulations National Regulations
U.K. U.K. HSE safety case and verification HSE safety case and verification
Canada(NS) Canada(NS) CNOPB, TC(flag) ,RQF, class CNOPB, TC(flag) ,RQF, class
Brazil Brazil (BNW), class, flag (BNW), class, flag
Nigeria Nigeria Marine Notice, class, flag(N) Marine Notice, class, flag(N)
Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico Follows Follows
_____________________________ _____________________________
International Conventions International Conventions
SOLAS, MARPOL, LOADLINE, SOLAS, MARPOL, LOADLINE,
TONNAGE TONNAGE
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Definitions Definitions
Class Class
Rules Based / Risk Based Rules Based / Risk Based
Certification Certification
To Regulations and Codes To Regulations and Codes
Verification Verification
To Performance Criteria To Performance Criteria
Class Class\ \Certification Certification\ \Verification Verification
often combined often combined
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Rules for a Floating Offshore Rules for a Floating Offshore
Installation at Fixed Location Installation at Fixed Location
Rules and
Regulations
Part 4
Rules and
Regulations
Part 4
Rules and
Regulations
Part 4
Rules and
Regulations
Part 4
Rules and
Regulations
Part 5
Rules and
Regulations
Part 4
Rules and
Regulations
Part 3
Rules and
Regulations
Part 2
Rules and
Regulations
Part 1A
Rules and
Regulations
Part 1
Parts 2 to 9
Technical Regulations
Parts 2 to 9 Parts 2 to 9
Technical Regulations Technical Regulations
Part 1A Part 1A
Risk Based Approach Risk Based Approach
Part 1 Part 1
Regulations Regulations
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Scope of LR FPSO Rules Scope of LR FPSO Rules
LR Rules cover the following LR Rules cover the following
aspects : aspects :
Hull and Marine Systems Hull and Marine Systems
Mooring Systems Mooring Systems
Risers (optional) Risers (optional)
Process plant (optional) Process plant (optional)
Drilling plant (optional) Drilling plant (optional)
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LR Classification LR Classification
Alternatives Alternatives
Prescriptive Rules Prescriptive Rules - - business as usual business as usual
Flexibility of Risk Based options Flexibility of Risk Based options
Risk Based Solutions Risk Based Solutions
Applicable to Design of both hull and Applicable to Design of both hull and
topsides, although generally hull topsides, although generally hull
adopts prescriptive approach adopts prescriptive approach
Applicable to Periodic Inspection Applicable to Periodic Inspection
(draft LR guidance available) (draft LR guidance available)
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AA6c AA6c
LR Guidance Notes LR Guidance Notes
Supporting the Rules Supporting the Rules
An Overview of Regulatory Issues
Conversion of Tankers for Floating
Production Service
Ship Type Hull Structural Appraisal and
supplement Additional Structural Aspects
Positional Mooring Systems and supplement Fibre
Ropes for Offshore Moorings
Periodic Inspection
Design Appraisal of Semi-Submersible Units
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Conversions
Hull strength and fatigue
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Hull Design Considerations Hull Design Considerations
hull strength, arrangement and materials
100-year site specific criteria
local connection details and fatigue life (min 20 years)
range of loading conditions
vessel motions and accelerations
mooring system and hull integration
process support structure
slamming and green seas
sloshing
helideck, cranes and cargo offloading system
accommodation
corrosion control
construction tolerances and fabrication quality
philosophy for in-service periodic survey
interfaces
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:o)
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Model Testing Model Testing - - support support
To support design calculations To support design calculations
Riser & mooring design Riser & mooring design
Loading, excursions, separation Loading, excursions, separation
FPSO/shuttle tanker interaction FPSO/shuttle tanker interaction
Hull motions, slamming, green Hull motions, slamming, green
seas seas
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Ship Rules Ship Rules - - basic hull strength basic hull strength
Parametric equations for : Parametric equations for :
Wave bending moment/shear force Wave bending moment/shear force
inertia inertia
Hull modulus Hull modulus
FEA requirement FEA requirement
(strength/fatigue) (strength/fatigue)
Local strength Local strength
WW service (limitation options) WW service (limitation options)
Equivalence through IACS Equivalence through IACS
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:;)
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FPSO Hull FPSO Hull - - Global Strength Global Strength
Minimum class rule standard Minimum class rule standard
Site specific environmental criteria Site specific environmental criteria
Effect of mooring system Effect of mooring system
(+ (+weathervaning weathervaning) )
Process facilities Process facilities
Long term service (at site) Long term service (at site)
Range of loading conditions Range of loading conditions
(including inspection and accidental cases) (including inspection and accidental cases)
Slamming/green seas Slamming/green seas
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FF2 FF2- -1g 1g
Global Hull Design Global Hull Design wave BM & SF wave BM & SF
Still water loading conditions often more severe
for FPSOs
Class Rules permit review of Rule versus Site
specific wave bending moments and shear forces
Will depend upon site environmental criteria
Harsh environment wave BM and SF are close to and
may exceed Ship Rule requirements
Benign environment are less than Ship Rules but not to
be taken less than 70% of unrestricted service Ship Rule
requirements in general
Multisite operation may require assessment
Owners requirements, eg corrosion margins
Towing and temporary conditions to be
considered
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100 Year Hs / 100 Year Hs / Tp Tp Contours Contours
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
4
Hs1
2 i
Hs2
2 i
Hs3
2 i
30 2 TP1
2 i
TP2
2 i
TP3
2 i
West of Shetland West of Shetland

Northern North Sea Northern North Sea
Central North Sea Central North Sea
Hs
Tp
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Some typical criteria Some typical criteria
Hs Hs Tp Tp
Nigeria Nigeria 3.1 3.1 7.6 7.6
Offshore Iran Offshore Iran 5.9 5.9 10.2 10.2
Australia Australia 7.2 7.2 11.1 11.1
U.K. Central U.K. Central 13.0 13.0 15.2 15.2
West of Shetland West of Shetland 17.1 17.1 16.0 16.0
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia 16.0 16.0 14/18 14/18
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Accidental Loads Accidental Loads
Collision due to supply boat / Collision due to supply boat /
shuttle tanker / iceberg shuttle tanker / iceberg
Dropped object Dropped object
Explosion / blast Explosion / blast
Ultimate strength criteria Ultimate strength criteria
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Steel Grades Steel Grades
Class rules for ships Class rules for ships
New requirements for low New requirements for low
temperature operation temperature operation
Structural categories Structural categories
Thickness Thickness
Location Location
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:c)
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Hull Strength/Fatigue FEA Hull Strength/Fatigue FEA
Cargo / ballast tank area Cargo / ballast tank area
Hopper knuckle connection Hopper knuckle connection
Mooring structure and hull integration Mooring structure and hull integration
Riser porches and supporting structure Riser porches and supporting structure
Topsides support structure and hull integration Topsides support structure and hull integration
Flare tower support structure Flare tower support structure
Access tower support structure Access tower support structure
Offloading station support structure Offloading station support structure
Main crane pedestals and support structure Main crane pedestals and support structure
Helideck Helideck structure structure
Additional locations depending on vessel Additional locations depending on vessel
function and owners requirements function and owners requirements
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sFatigue Life Fatigue Life
Factors of Safety Factors of Safety
Substantial consequences of failure are defined as loss of life,
uncontrolled outflow of hazardous products, collision or
sinking and should include for progressive failure scenarios.
Note 1 Note 1 : includes external components which can be dry inspected / repa : includes external components which can be dry inspected / repaired. ired.
Note 2 Note 2 : includes external components below the minimum operating draft : includes external components below the minimum operating draft
which can only be inspected in water , but dry repairs could be which can only be inspected in water , but dry repairs could be carried out. carried out.
Inspectable/
Repairable
Fatigue Life Factor
Consequence of Failure
Non-substantial Substantial
Yes, dry
(see note 1)
1 2
Yes, wet
(see note 2)
2 4
No 3 10
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Typical Critical Areas Typical Critical Areas
Process Supports Process Supports
Stress Concentration Stress Concentration
Misalignment Misalignment
Welding Welding
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FPSO Fatigue Enhancement FPSO Fatigue Enhancement
Details (conversion) Details (conversion)
Examples of modification to hull longitudinal connection details Examples of modification to hull longitudinal connection details
Additional lug Additional lug
Longitudinal/Transverse frame Longitudinal/Transverse frame
connection connection
Additional Additional
bracket bracket
Longitudinal Longitudinal
Transverse frame Transverse frame
Shell plate Shell plate
Addition Addition
al al
bracket bracket
bracket bracket
Within cargo and ballast Within cargo and ballast
tanks tanks
Item Item
Exten Exten
t t
Bottomand side shell (up to Bottomand side shell (up to
limit of wetted area) limit of wetted area)
Bilge area Bilge area and and side shell side shell
(up to limit of wetted (up to limit of wetted
Additional Lugs Additional Lugs
Additional Additional Bkts Bkts
area) area)
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Green Seas Green Seas
Rule Rule
requirements requirements
Model testing Model testing
Pressures Pressures
Breakwater Breakwater
Drainage Drainage
typ typ. .
8 8 - - 14m 14m
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Bottom Slamming Bottom Slamming
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Sloshing in Cargo Oil Tanks Sloshing in Cargo Oil Tanks
Tank Size Tank Size
Hull form Hull form
Environment Environment
Natural Periods Natural Periods
LR FLUIDS LR FLUIDS
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Typical Hull Protection System Typical Hull Protection System
High High
performance performance
coating coating
High performance coating + High performance coating +
cathodic cathodic protection system protection system
Water Water
ballast ballast
Max. W.L. Max. W.L.
Min. W.L. Min. W.L.
HPC HPC
+ +
SA SA
HPC HPC
Coating Coating
NB : Impressed NB : Impressed
current system current system
not allowed in not allowed in
Cargo oil Cargo oil
tanks tanks
Coating Coating
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Fabrication Tolerances and Welding Fabrication Tolerances and Welding
tolerances should be in accordance with
good shipbuilding practice, and agreed with
LR
special attention given to fatigue sensitive
areas
enhanced NDE levels will be necessary for
identified fatigue sensitive areas
assumptions used in analytical fatigue
assessments to be consistent with
construction
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NDE Testing of Welds NDE Testing of Welds - - general general
Intersection of butts and seams & section welds Intersection of butts and seams & section welds
Butt welds in plating Butt welds in plating
Seam welds in plating Seam welds in plating
Bilge keel butts Bilge keel butts
Structural items fabricated with full/part penetration Structural items fabricated with full/part penetration
welding welding (hopper knuckles, (hopper knuckles, sheerstrake, hatchway coamings)
Penetrations & attachments to hull Penetrations & attachments to hull (sea inlets, piping, anode (sea inlets, piping, anode
supports) supports)
Moonpool Moonpool integration structure integration structure
Topside support structure connections to hull structure Topside support structure connections to hull structure
Additional requirements for low temperature operations Additional requirements for low temperature operations
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FPSO some
In-service feedback
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FF1 FF1- -3c 3c
Some Design Life Issues Some Design Life Issues
Holistic approach for project / good
communications
Design for required service
Compatibility of hull structural, systems and
topsides interfaces
Production equipment for required service
Marine equipment robustness, particularly
cargo/ballast and control/electrical systems
OIWS requirements and corrosion protection
Access arrangements
Provision of spare parts
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:o)
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Design Design- - Frequent areas of concern Frequent areas of concern
Marine/offshore regulations and practices
Topsides structure supports (alignment, motions)
Hull vibration
Crane specification and integration with hull
Corrosion - general
Access and escape routes compatibility
Hazardous area and classification interfaces
Piping systems (compatibility/flexibility)
Topside equipment / motions / helicopter operations
Marine / Topside system integration
Use of GRP / FRP, pipework etc
Wave impact and green sea loading
Rudder and steering gear
Laydown areas
Effect of exhaust (heli-operations)
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Design Issues Design Issues - - Interfaces Interfaces
Interface Management is a critical influence on Interface Management is a critical influence on
project success project success
LR Project Manager provides interface between LR Project Manager provides interface between
design and class/certification processes design and class/certification processes
Technical interfaces to be developed include: Technical interfaces to be developed include:
Escape and access routing Escape and access routing
Hazardous area definition Hazardous area definition
Venting arrangements (clear of hazardous areas and for inspectio Venting arrangements (clear of hazardous areas and for inspection n
activities) activities)
Power generation and supply systems, normal and backup Power generation and supply systems, normal and backup
Bunding Bunding/prevention of spillage to main deck /prevention of spillage to main deck
Control System and alarm circuits Control System and alarm circuits
Crude oil pumping and piping system between vessel, process and Crude oil pumping and piping system between vessel, process and
offloading systems, including materials offloading systems, including materials
Fire Water, Cooling and Injection Water Fire Water, Cooling and Injection Water
Heating system, Compressed air supply Heating system, Compressed air supply
Topsides structure alignment at integration with deck Topsides structure alignment at integration with deck
Deck crane integration with hull structure Deck crane integration with hull structure
Mooring system integration with hull structure Mooring system integration with hull structure
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (:;)
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Structural Inspection Structural Inspection
Carried out on location Carried out on location
Provides detection / monitoring Provides detection / monitoring
capacity capacity
Annual, intermediate & major Annual, intermediate & major
surveys surveys
Major survey (5 years or continuous) Major survey (5 years or continuous)
IWS in lieu of dry docking IWS in lieu of dry docking
Internal survey Internal survey
cleaning & gas freeing cleaning & gas freeing
access arrangements/safety access arrangements/safety
lighting/ventilation lighting/ventilation
loading conditions loading conditions
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FPSO Incident History Examples FPSO Incident History Examples
Hull Structure
Shuttle tanker collision
Bow Wave Impact Damage
Tank Overpressurisation
Seawater caisson
preferential Corrosion
Integration of surface and
subsea corrosion protection
Rudder/steering gear
Marine Equipment
Corrosion in cooling and
heating systems due to poor
fluid chemistry control
Material problems on
seawater systems
Topsides Topsides
Vibration induced failures Vibration induced failures
Inadequate application of Inadequate application of
PFP PFP
Gas Turbine problems Gas Turbine problems
Produced Water Produced Water
Corrosion Corrosion
Damage due to wave Damage due to wave
impact (green water) impact (green water)
Cargo Venting System Cargo Venting System
failure failure
Pipework and Production Pipework and Production
Train Leakage Train Leakage
Riser / turret connections Riser / turret connections
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FPSO Incident History FPSO Incident History
Statistics (Reported) Statistics (Reported)
Ref : 22 vessels, approx 10 years of records Ref : 22 vessels, approx 10 years of records
See also See also Quantified Frequency of shuttle tanker collision during offtake Quantified Frequency of shuttle tanker collision during offtake operations operations, IMCA , IMCA
Vessel
System
Nature of Incident No. of
Incidents
Hull Structure failure in heavy weather 1
Other structural failure 3
Collision 6
Topsides Structural failure in heavy weather 3
Process equipment failure 2
Fire 0
Machinery Engine Room fire 2
Engine Room power failure 1
Main engine failure 1
Rudder / steering gear failure 3
Other Hydrocarbon release 2
Explosions 0
Loss of anchor(s) 1
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Vibration Damage Vibration Damage flare stack flare stack
Vortex vibrations @ Beaufort 4 Vortex vibrations @ Beaufort 4 - - 5 5
View A
View B
View A
View B
Turret Deckhouse
Brace on Port Side -
cracked over 180
o
at
connection to forward
chord.
Proposed
reinforcements - two
lateral braces.
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Mooring System Installation Mooring System Installation
Problems Experienced
Handling equipment failures
Wire ropes
Poor tension control
Loops formed
Bird caging
Chains
Lack of straightness
Installed with twist
Tangles & breakage
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Results from a Structural Survey Results from a Structural Survey
Example of Defect Example of Defect
Area Area
shown shown
Cargo/ballast tanks Cargo/ballast tanks
Defect Defect
B B B B
Locations Locations
on Side Shell on Side Shell
B B B
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (,c)
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Typical Damage Typical Damage
Side shell longitudinal connection Side shell longitudinal connection
Crack Crack
Crack Crack
Shell Shell
longitudinal longitudinal
Shell Shell
plating plating
Face bar Face bar
Web frame Web frame
stiffener stiffener
Broken welding Broken welding
Web frame Web frame
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Examples of Internal Welded Examples of Internal Welded
Repairs Repairs
Side shell Side shell
Bulkhead Bulkhead
stiffener stiffener
Side longitudinal Side longitudinal
Fracture Fracture
locations locations
Transverse Transverse
bulkhead bulkhead
Stiffener Stiffener
Pillar Pillar
stiffener stiffener
Additional lug Additional lug
Backing bracket Backing bracket
Side Side
longitudin longitudin
al al
New New
longitudinal longitudinal
section section
Bulkhead Bulkhead
stiffener stiffener
Transverse bulkhead Transverse bulkhead
radius bracket radius bracket
Stiffener with Stiffener with
soft toe soft toe
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (,:)
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Internal Repair Internal Repair - - Non Non- -Welded Welded
Hole drilled at crack Hole drilled at crack
termination termination
Bolted plates Bolted plates
Stiffener Stiffener
Frame Frame
Facing Facing
plate plate
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Transverse Transverse
web frame web frame
Crack Crack
Local weld Grinding Local weld Grinding
Section of hull Section of hull
External girder External girder
reinforcement reinforcement
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End of LR
End of LR
Presentation
Presentation
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (,:)
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LR Contact Details LR Contact Details
Bob Boon
Business Development, Oil & Gas, London
Tel : 020 7423 2248
Fax : 020 7423 2066
e-mail : bob.boon@lr.org
Rob Potthurst
Offshore Floating Units, London
Tel : 020 7423 2314
Fax : 020 7423 2066
e-mail : robert.potthurst@lr.org
Tanker Conversions to FPSOs - Rob Potthurst, Lloyds Register (,,)
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