A LECTURE BY

Prof. Mary Ann A. Espina

GLOSSARY

MARKET
meeting of people for buying and selling merchandise; a space or building in which the market activity can be held.

GLOSSARY

MALL
usually a promenade or public walk designed with shade trees;

or an open or covered passageway or concourse providing access to rows of stores

GLOSSARY

PALENGKE
A Hispanic term, meaning, a shopping place of public or civic ownership and function.

In the Filipino culture, it is a place where the art of tawaran or pricehaggling is not only a standard procedure of trading, but more significantly, a tradition.

GLOSSARY

FLEA MARKET
usually an open-air market for sale of second hand items or antiques.

In Filipino terms, it can be a tiangge or an open-style market for sale of lowpriced goods; or ukayukay where good condition second-hand items are sold.

GLOSSARY WHOLESALE
the sale of commodities in large quantities, usually for resale purposes.

RETAIL
the sale of commodities in small quantities, for ultimate use of consumer

BASIC THEORIES

BASIC THEORIES OF MARKET AND MALL DESIGN

Nowadays, the term market has evolved in meaning from the traditional fresh produce marketplace that every city and town in the whole world have, to specialized settings like:

BASIC THEORIES

the SUPERMARKET, where fresh produce are most often frozen and the goods are obtained not from persons but from racks..

BASIC THEORIES

... and one payment is made at the end of a usually long line at one of many cash and credit counters;

BASIC THEORIES

the SHOPPING MALLS, where the biggest range of goods and services (as they say about the Mall of America, everything you need from birth to death) can all be found in one department store, or in many different shops housed in one building;

BASIC THEORIES

and of course, the original of them all, the FLEA MARKET, equivalent to our tiangge, which normally are temporary, sometimes celebratory events, organized by a mix of business- and non-business people, where the goods featured for sale are oftentimes recycled, or used items like furniture, clothes, toys, and an assortment of memorabilia ;

SPATIAL FRAME WORK

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DESIRED SHOPPING PLACE

In analyzing the switch of patronage from the traditional palengke to the supermarket and shopping malls, the equation between shopping and pleasure is clearly noted. Further, pleasure is equated with convenience, social growth, even cultural enrichment, and ultimately healthy, wholesome entertainment.

The spatial framework that supports these desired qualities can be summed up as follows:

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

URBAN DESIGN CONTEXT

1. The compatibility of the shopping place to the land use and human activities of the adjacent areas. For example in church areas, the combination of church devotion, food and shopping provided the impetus for success.

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

2.

The clear and direct linkage of public commuter access to the shopping place. The most ideal situation is achieved when shoppers and market goers embark and disembark almost literally at the doorstep of the shopping place. Hence, in many places here and abroad, it is good investment to connect a shopping mall directly to a train station .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

3.

The systematic ingress and egress into the shopping center. The ease of circulation for all types of vehicles contribute to the necessary visual, physical orderliness so that vehicular and pedestrian traffic congestion can be eliminated, if not, minimized .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

4.

The defensibility of the space. A shopping district can be planned to capitalize on its defensibility by enhancing visual controls, eliminating dark corners, and providing security services and surveillance systems appreciable not only by protectors, but also by those aimed to be protected.

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

5.

The availability and workability of basic community services. These include adequate provisions of facilities for water, power, telecommunications supply, drainage, security and surveillance, and such services as garbage collection and disposal. Special services can enhance the well-being of the space, and these include street cleaning, street decoration, and special events provisions .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

6.

Most of all, the legibility and memorability of the space. Architecture is one powerful means of ensuring such qualities: this includes the architecture of the streetscapes that provide the planting, site furniture, signages, and most especially, the textures and colors of the physical and natural surroundings

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Urban Design Context

6.

. as well as the architecture of the building that encloses, enframes and secures the activities inside, beckoning the community to come and visit and patronize it.

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

BUILDING ARCHITECTURE CONTEXT

1. A strong and clear statement of arrival. The building should INFORM, DIRECT, GUIDE the visitors towards the appropriate entrances .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

1.

and then towards the particular destinations inside .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

2.

Adequate provision of spacious and secure parking spaces. This is compulsory not only to service private car owners but also deliveries and pick-up services .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

3.

The legibility of the interior space. This includes the clarity in the arrangement of goods and services, clarity in the flow from one point to another..

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

3.

.. and clarity in the services available for the shopper as well as the tenants, vendors and administrators .

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

4.

The flexibility of use of the interior space. Shopping centers always benefit from the variety of goods, services and events that are featured on occasional basis. The interior space must be able to respond to the needs of such occasions.

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

5.

The defensibility of the interior space. The users and goods, the structure and the services within the building must be secured from burglary, arson, and other crimes, also from vandalism, vagrancy, and other disturbances.

SPATIAL FRAME WORK Building Architecture Context

6.

The adequacy and efficiency of building and operation systems. The provision of adequate and efficient building systems contributes to the ease and efficiency of maintenance and operations of a shopping place. Such provisions include peoplemoving systems; products-moving systems; vending systems; monitoring systems; security and surveillance systems; and others .

NEW TRENDS

NEW TRENDS OF ACTIVITIES OF THE SHOPPING PLACE

The Entertainment Place
watching movies, watching plays, enjoying fine dining, or trying out the latest fast-food craze. childrens play places ranging from normal to adventurous. child-care services for the familys complete comfort. the hottest, trendiest venue for special events, like fashion shows, book and other product launchings, even birthday bashes and weddings.

The Entertainment Place

NEW TRENDS

The Entertainment Place

NEW TRENDS
The Health and Wellness

The Health and Wellness Venue

relaxation, physical grooming and fitness services, like spas, gyms, aerobics, yoga and the like, of wallclimbing and rapelling events, of wellness clinics and healthy food shops .

NEW TRENDS
The Park

The Park
alternative to pleasurable use of parks for active leisure as well as passive leisure like book-reading and on-the-spot painting .

NEW TRENDS
The One-Stop Shop

The One-Stop Shopping Milieu

whole range of shopping goods from clothes to books to furniture, and everything you need from birth to death in varying shopping styles boutiques, wholesale, retail, tiangge, etc .

NEW TRENDS
The Tourist Destination

The Tourist Destination

a photo-opportunity place, a kind of coffee-table-book location for place and people-hunters. It is a visitors haven, the come-and-see place .

NEW TRENDS
The Cultural Center

The Cultural Center

cultural events: plays, town fiesta and religious festival re-enactments, premier shows, art exhibits, galleries and museums.

NEW TRENDS
The Place To Be

The Place to Be
the meeting place the place to be, to meet friends, to see people, to gauge fashion trends, to connect with the world .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Column Spacing
Significant dimension is that of the length of mall because it dictates the storefront widths.

Often used widths are 6.00m, 7.50m, and 9.00m with the last one being most flexible because it can accommodate two stores within the bay.

 The length of the mall generally should not be more than 244.00m between department stores and other major features

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Store Depths
For one-storey shops, buildings are usually 36.00m to 42.50m deep, sometimes more to accommodate bigger stores . If there are basements or mezzanines, sometimes the depth can be reduced by 20 to 25 percent

Clear Heights
These vary from 3.00m to 4.20m or more, with 3.60m a good average. Above the clear height, there must be adequate space for air-conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural system, and others .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Central Plant vs. Individual HVAC System

Regardless of which method is used, the space to be occupied by all equipment must be determined, both in size and location, in the earliest planning stages. Central Plant equipment can be located in a separate building, on the roof, or elsewhere, so long as it is economical in terms of design and length of runs. Individual plants in each store require exterior space like balcony, window ledge or roof for condenser units or cooling towers .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Exterior Walls
As these may have show windows, service doors, public entrance doors, or trash rooms, a modular design that can suitably accommodate, for visual effect, any of these features is very desirable. More often, though, in malls, show windows and public entrances are found inside rather than face the parking lot since most customers enter the stores from the mall .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Services
Services include the delivery of goods to the various stores, as well as the removal of trash and garbage. In a single-level shopping center, servicing may be done by one of the following : Underground service tunnel under the mall. This system avoids all unsightly trash, keeps parked trucks out of the way, and avoids allocation of prime parking to space to service trucks. It also relegates non-selling activities to the basement, reserving the main floor for sales. However, the tunnel adds to the total construction cost .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Service courts on the periphery of the building complex. These are usually partially shielded/enclosed from the public view by masonry walls. Their cost is minimal but they occupy land space that is usually expensive or could otherwise be used for parking .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

Over-the-curb and sidewalk directly from the street. This is the cheapest and uses the least land, but it requires rigid enforcement of cleanliness by the building management, delivery of merchandise and removal of trash generally before and after business hours, and the mandatory inclusion of trash rooms in each store .

DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA

In multi-level projects, the use of strategically placed freight elevators is necessary. These usually connect to fireproof passages at the rear of the stores, and often serve also as fire exits. This type of development that necessitates service corridors, service courts can be fewer and more concentrated. Mezzanines are often used as storage and non-selling space. Such facilities have value since they reduce the depth of space required and hence, the land occupied, but they rarely produce savings in construction cost because of the need for greater building heights .

END OF LECTURE