ICNIRP

1Hz~100KHz
ICNIRP

ICNIRP ICNIRP 2002

1Hz 100KHz 100KHz
ICNIRP
100KHz 10MHz

10MHz
ICNIRP 2009
1Hz
1998 ICNIRP 1998
ICNIRP 100KHz

EMF

EMF

IEC 20042005aIEEE19942008

EMF

IEC2005b

E Vm-1
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IARC,
ICNIRP WHO IARC2002, ICNIRP2003, HPA-NRPB2004
WHO2007a

reduction factors
ICNIRP2002

50~60Hz 5-6

Reilly 19981999
50~60Hz
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15-20 kV m-1 5 kV m-1 7%
50% 10 kV m-1

Reilly2002; Sauders and

Jefferys 2007
Reilly 1998
PNS 6 V m-1
2002
MR

So et al.
2 V m-1 Nyenhuis et al 2001
2004
4-6 V m-1

20%
ICNIRP2004

TMS TMS

>100V m-1

~10 V m-1 Reilly 19982002

1~3 kHz
10 Hz

Reilly 1998

 50 Reilly
2002
120 Hz

20 Hz 5 mT

Attwell 2003
20Hz
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2007

Saunders Jefferys
2002

100Hz 100 mV m-1

Saunders and Jefferys 2007

Kanai et al.2008
10Hz
20Hz

Pogosyan et.2009


20Hz
10~20Hz

10~20Hz

Cook 2002,2006
Crasson 2003ICNIRP 2003aBarth 2010

1~2mT

Rubin et al 2005WHO
2007a

WHO 2007a

WHO 2007a

50~60Hz

50~60 Hz
WHO 2007a

50~60 Hz

50~60Hz

ICNIRP2003a;WHO2007a;
50~60Hz

ICNIRP2003a;WHO2007a

10

Parkinsons disease

Alzheimers diseaseALS
ALS
Kheifets et al.2009

Kheifets et al.2009

Kheifets et al.2009

Garcia et al 2008

Huss et al.2009

11


ALS

WHO2007a

McNamee et al.2009

Kheifets et
al.2007

150kV m-1
ICNIRP2003a;WHO2007a

20mT
Juutilainen 2003,2005;WHO2007a

12

1998 ICNIRP 50-60Hz

50-60Hz

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WHO2007a
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analysesAhlbom 2000; Greenland 2000
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50-60 Hz
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13

50-60Hz
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50-60Hz

50mT
Crumpton and Collins 2004WHO2007a

ICNIRP

14


ICNIRP 2009
ICNIRP

ICNIRP

1~3kHz

10Hz

20 Hz

15

 IARC
2002 2B

ICNIRP

Xi and Stuchly
1994,Dimbylow 2005 and 2006,Bahr et al 2007

4mm
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16


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ICNIRP

1Hz 10MHz

17

Ei

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B
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19


ICNIRP

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0.05

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0.8

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20

CNS PNS

ICNIRP
222mm2
99

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and Diamant 2003

2mmnodes of Ranvier

21

1000

1mm3Jefferys 1994
17mm

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99

Reilly and Diamant 2003

222mm3

Dimbylow20052006

22

50Hz

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21

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-1

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24

Am
-1

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25

20

Stuchly and dawson 2002

Jokela 2007

Cech et
al 2008

26


10MHz
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painful shocks

mA

2.5kHz

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2.5-100kHz

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100kHz-10MHz

40

2.5kHz

0.5

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10 MHz

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E
E
27

i, j
L, j

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E

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I

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100kHz

FT

28

FT

ICNIRP 2003bJokela 2000

A cos(2 f t
EL
i

i ) 1

t
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Aii i f

7345

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29

0.30.4 T
IARC

30

 WHO
2007a2007b

ICNIRP

ICNIRP ICNIRP

ICNIRP ICNIRP

ICNIRP
P. Vecchia, ()
M. Hietanen, 2008 ()
R. Matthes, 2008 ()
A. Ahlbom 2008()
E. Breitbart 2008()
F. R. de Gruijl 2008 ()
M. Feychting ()
A. Green ()
K. Jokela ()
J. Lin ()
R. Saunders ()
K. Schulmeister ()

31

P. Soderberg ()
B. Stuck ()
A. Swerdlow ()
M. Taki 2008()
B. Veyret ()
G. Ziegelberger, ()
M. H. Repacholi, ()
ICNIRP
R. Matthes (),
A. Ahlbom ()
K. Jokela ()
C. Roy ()
R. Saunders ()

Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, Roman E, Skinner J,Dockerty J, Linet M, McBride

M, Michaelis J, Olsen JH,Tynes T, Verkasalo PK.
.Br J Cancer 83:692 698;2000.
Attwell D.:. Radiat Protect
Dosim 106:341348; 2003
Bahr A, Bolz T, Hennes C. : ,
.Health Phys 92:521530; 2007.
Barth A, Ponocny I, Ponocny-Seliger E, Vana N, Winker R.
: . Bioelectromagnetics 31:173179; 2010.

32

Cech R, Leitgeb N, Pediaditis M.

. Phys Med Biol l53:177186; 2008.
Cook CM, Thomas AW, Prato FS.RF
: .
Bioelectromagnetics

23:144 157; 2002.

Cook CM, Saucier DM, Thomas AW, Prato FS.

:
(20012005). Bioelectromagnetics 27:613 627; 2006.
Crasson M. 5060.Radiat Protect
Dosim 106:333340; 2003.
Crumpton MJ, Collins AR.DNA Repair (Amst)
3:13851387; 2004.
Dimbylow PJ. ,NAOMI
. Phys Med Biol 50:10471070; 2005.
Dimbylow PJ.50
.Phys Med Biol

51:23832394; 2006.

Garcia AM, Sisternas A, Hoyos SP.:

. Int J Epidemio l37:329 340; 2008.
Greenland S, Sheppard AR, Kaune WT, Poole C, Kelsh MA.
, Epidemiol 11:624634; 2000.
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Huss A, Spoerri A, Egger M, Roosli M.
.Am J Epidemiol 169:167175; 2009.

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..Lyon,:
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2002
.300
.Health Phys 74:494 522; 1998.
..Health Phys 82:540
548; 2002.
.0 -100kHz
.In: Bernhardt JH, Matthes R, McKinlay A, Vecchia P,Veyret B
.2003a.
100kHz
ICNIRP.Health Phys 84:383387;2003b.
. MR ..Health Phys
87:197216; 2004.
.Health Phys 96:504
514; 2009.
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IEC 62226; 2004.
..IEC
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. 644-1994 (Reaff 2008).
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Jokela K. .Health Phys 92:531540;

2007.
Juutilainen J. .Radiat Protect Dosim106:385390;
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Kheifets L, Ahlbom A, Johansen C, Feychting M, Sahl J,Savitz D.
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G, Mezei G, Renew DC, van Wijngaarden E.
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Phys Med Biol 49:115; 2004.

Nyenhuis JA, Bourland JD, Kildishev AV, Schaefer DJ.
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.Health Phys 76:314-315;1999
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..Fact Sheet 322 .
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Xi W, Stuchly MA. .Appl Comput
Electromagn Soc J 9:127134; 1994.

36

G = EL(fref)/EL(f) EL f fref 1 Hz
100 kHz

12 3
f
1/f 2,1/f,f 0
7 180
1/f 2,1/f,f 0 f
i
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3
90 A1
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6. 50

37

Einduced

mVm 1

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Vm 1

2 100

2 800

2 10000

2 1000

2 20

2 400

2 5000

2 200

38

 A1

39


Adverse effect

Averaging distance

Basic restriction

Cancer

Central nervous system CNS

Characteristics

Conductivity

S m-1;
Contact current

40


Current density

A m-2
DC

Depolarizationcellular

Direct effect

Direct electro stimulation

DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid
()

Dosimetry

SASAR
Electric field
E
EElectric field strength

41


N/C = V/m
Electromagnetic energy
J
Electromagnetic fields

Electro stimulation

EMF

Established mechanism
ab
c
de
Exposure

Exposurelong-term

Exposure assessment

42


Exposure metric
/

Frequency
1 Hz
General public

General public exposure

Harmonicfrequency

Heart rate

HertzHz
f1 kHz = 1,000 Hz, 1MHz = 1,000 kHz,
1 GHz = 1,000 MHz
Induction

Instantaneous

43


100
Let-go current

Magnetic field
HAm-1

Magnetic field strengthH

A/m
Magnetic flux densityB

T1 10-4T
Magnetophosphenes

Mean

Median threshold
50% 50%
Medical exposure

Mutagen

44

 Mutation

Nerve

Nerve fiber

Neuron

Non-ionizing radiationNIR

12 100 3 1015
No uniform field

Occupational exposure

Peripheral nerve

Permeability

45


0
H m-1
Permittivity
Fm-1

Phase durationtp
f tp=
1/2ftp 0.37 e-1

Phosphene

Plasma membrane

Polarizationcellular

Power frequency

60 50
Protein

46

 Public exposure

RadiofrequencyRF
3kHz 300GHz
Reduction factor

-
ICNIRP
ICNIRP
Reference levels

Relative permeability
1

Relative phase

Relative riskRR

47


odds ratio
Root mean squarerms
Ft t1 t2

A1

Frms

1 2
[ F (t )]2 dt

t 2 t1 t1

S.I

Spatial peak

Spark discharge

Static field

0Hz
TeslaT
1 = 10,000
Threshold

Ventricular fibrillation
48


Voxel

Waveform

Workers

ICNIRP

49