Leisure Industry Research

VOL.9

0 1 ~ 1 6

NO.1

MARCH 2011

PP. 01 ~ 16

From the Thought of Tao Yuan-Ming to View the Leisure

Outlook in the Modern Society

Ping-Tsan Ho
Hsin-Yu Tsai

ABSTRACT
Nowadays people regard leisure as a form of relaxation after work. People increasingly define
leisure as the opposite of work or obligation. Some people are trying to acquire relaxation happiness
by buying more and more material processions after hard working. However, it seems that this kind of
relaxation does not fulfill spiritually and people have not also tried to understand the essence of leisure.
Ancient Greek Philosopher Aristotle suggested that leisure was central wider view of the life, as being
about free and exalted soul through meditation. Ancient Chinese Poet Tao Yuan-Ming emphasized
seeking true self and seeking nature by portraying countryside and natural landscape in his


poetry. He explored the nature of leisure from thinking the essence of himself. Nowadays people should
understand that acquiring a sense of leisure is starting from free mind, not from the material world. The
purpose of this study is to analyze the values of work in relationship to life in the context of Tao
Yuan-Mings leisure concept and further explore the values of leisure in the modern world.

Keywords: Tao Yuan-Ming, Work, Leisure, Lifestyle.

(Sylvester, 1999)

Leisure Licere(to be free)

Schole(Edginton, Jordan,
DeGraaf, & Edginton, 2002)

2002

1999
2003

1997

<>

1989
Kelly(1996)
Leisure Recreation Leisure
Recreation

Complacency
1990

20021990

2001
3

Super(1957)

1993

MOW - International Research Team(1987) Meaning of Work(MOW)

(absolute
work centrality)(relative work centrality)(Snir & Harpaz, 2002)

(MOW-International Research Team,

1987; Harpaz, 1999)
(Kanungo, 1982)
(Dubin, Champoux, & Porter, 1975)

(McAdams, 1988)
(well-being)(Battle, 1990; Kulik, Mahler & Moore, 1996;
Wright, 1984)(Need for Affiliation)
(McClelland, 1985)

Kelly(1996)

Fromm(1955/1987)

1995

Maslow

(Deci & Ryan, 1985)

(Kanungo, 1982; Vroom, 1962)

1995

1990
Fromm(1979)

1995

1994

Marcuse(1968) (One
Dimensional Man)

1995

1994

()

1993

1994

()

()

1997

1998

<>

10

1993

1997

11

1994

1993

12

1993

1994

13

14

1990
1989
1990
211-19
1994
19901-7
2002
199312(3)142-153
1997
86(3)67-75
1993
1997
4115-140
1998

593-120
1995
8(2)31-46
2003
16(3)1-22
15

200110415-21
2001
2210-16
1999
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