0:01%uh 0:03dude more than a hundred thousand years ago 0:07the first modern humans left Africa and

began to colonize the world 0:11since then human history is also a history of migration 0:15migration has always been a strong impetus towards human development 0:19these days however migration is often seen as problem 0:23threat but what exactly is migration 0:26water underlying causes and what problems and opportunities 0:31does migration present migration is defined as the permanent change of 0:35residence 0:36a person or group I'm is a natural social phenomenon 0:40humans have colonized the entire world and penetrated its remotest areas 0:44the migration is taking place within very different contexts 0:49military conquest play to refugees expulsion 0:53Barnsley meant but migrants have also traveled in search of economic 0:57opportunities new settlement areas 0:59portrayed reads you currently approximately $216 million people 1:04are living away from their place of birth this number 1:07equals about 3 percent and the world population analyzing the reasons for 1:12migration 1:13one distinguishes between push and pull factors often both appear together 1:17push factors are circumstances in the country of origin that lead people to 1:21emigrate 1:22for example poverty war or environmental disasters 1:26from pull factors are conditions in the destination country 1:29they make immigration attractive such as economic opportunity and political 1:34freedom 1:35you considering these reasons 1:39one distinguishes between different forms of migration asylum seekers

1:44our flame war or persecution in their home country the internationally 1:49accepted Geneva Convention States 1:51no person may be sent back to a country where they face inhumane treatment 1:56torture where the death penalty I'm 1:59the labor migration is based on the hope for a better economic future 2:04did but it can be difficult for people from poor countries together work for 2:08residence visa in a rich country 2:10get migrants who enter the destination country an informal way 2:15or who do not leave the country after the expiration of a tourist visa 2:18are referred to as illegal migrants another case 2:23is the international migration and highly trained professionals 2:26it takes place both between developed countries 2:29and between developing and developed countries this format migration is often 2:34desired 2:35encouraged by the destination countries it 2:38what are the main migration routes today by far the most immigrants live in the 2:46United States 2:47followed by Russia and Germany world 2:53the main countries origin are mexico 2:56India China and Russia 3:06in proportion to their population Persian Gulf countries host the largest 3:10share of migrants 3:11about 35 percent of their population weld 3:16of they mostly come from South Asia 3:20and Egypt %uh 3:26most migrants in the US come from Latin America 3:29particularly from Mexico you 3:36in Europe the origin of immigrants differs considerably between countries 3:41and reflects their historical development in Germany and Denmark

3:45a large share of migrants are Turkish origin most immigrants in France 3:49Portugal and Spain come from their former colonies in addition 3:53there's a strong migration within your this is promoted by the EU's principal 3:58free movement 3:59citizens at the EU are allowed to live in any member state 4:03without restrictions nowadays migration is often seen as a threat 4:07this is caused by a number fears for example 4:11the idea that immigrants are expensive and a burden to the welfare system at 4:14the destination country 4:16especially in host countries that offer few opportunities have social mobility 4:20to migrants 4:21they are usually the most vulnerable parts of society 4:24there 4:27another fear is that the host country will lose what is perceived as its 4:30national identity 4:32especially through the influx of groups from other religions and cultures 4:35it 4:37of N there's no successful integration strategy 4:40so different ethnic groups live in separate neighborhoods 4:45it 4:47as a result of these fears the migration policies in western industrial countries 4:51have become increasingly restrictive them 4:55the US has built a giant fence with high-tech surveillance 4:58to seal its southern border with mexico el 5:02the European Union is also fortifying its borders 5:05migrations perceived primarily as a security problem 5:08the EU is trying to block my Gran's before they reach its territory 5:13this is done by bilateral agreements with the departure and transit country 5:17song

5:18and in ever-increasing control of refugee roots on land and water 5:22the in 2004 the EU 5:26established Frontex a joint Agency to coordinate the surveillance and closure 5:31amid external borders the %uh 5:33human rights groups point out that many refugees with a legitimate claim for 5:37asylum 5:38are blocked this way the is increasingly difficult to reach Europe 5:43the result is that migration attempt are getting more and more risky 5:47and often and disastrously according to conservative estimates 5:51between 1988 in 2010 approximately 15,000 people died 5:56attempting to reach the EU more people bennett any other border in the world 6:01you 6:03you 6:05what is not considered most at the time migration also has positive aspect 6:09migration contributes to the economic development in migrants countries of 6:13origin 6:14migrants around the world transfer over three hundred billion dollars to their 6:17home country 6:18each year that is considerably more than the official development assistance to 6:22these countries 6:23in European countries as well as in other industrialized nations 6:26such as Japan the birth rate has dropped to a low level below the replacement 6:30rate 6:31the result declining population an aging society 6:35experts believe that Europe will soon be heavily dependent on migration 6:39in order to meet its employment needs and to stabilize the retirement system's 6:44way finally migration contributes to the cultural diversity 6:48a destination countries well we see the debate over migration 6:56is burdened by fear and prejudice defect

7:00is restrictive immigration policy constrict efforts to prevent migration 7:04to destination countries 7:06this is not just a problem in terms of ethics but also politically and 7:10economically questionable 7:12in order to deal with the problems attached to migration 7:15it is especially important to develop implement 7:18a constructive migration policy such a policy 7:21would include regulate immigration as well as provide right 7:25for legitimate asylum seekers %uh