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If we know the value of E1 and E2, and the phase angle between them, it is a simple matter to
find the current I, knowing the reactance X of the line. From this knowledge we can calculate the real
and reactive power which is delivered by the source and received by the load.
3 REAL POWER FLOW
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Two ideal voltage sources designated as machine 1 and machine 2 were connected through an
impedance Z as shown in figure 3-1.
Fig 3-1
Where E1 = 120 V at -5
E2 = 100 V at 0
Z = 1+j7
I
Z
E1 E2
3.2 PROCEDURE
To carry out the experiment, we wrote a MATLAB program for the system of Fig 3-1 such that
the phase angle of voltage source 1 was changed from its initial value by 30 in step of 5. The
voltage magnitudes of the two sources and the phase angle of source 2 were kept constant.
At each value of phase angle , the program computed the complex power for each source
and the line loss. And plotted P1, P2 and P
loss
vs.
Here is the script executed in MATLAB to perform the simulation.
a=( - 35: 5: 25) ; %a i s t he phase angl e of E1
E1=120*exp( 1i *a*pi / 180) ;
E2=100*exp( 1i *0*pi / 180) ;
Z=1+1i *7;
I =( E1- E2) . / Z; %assumed di r ect i on f r omMachi ne1 t o Machi ne2
S1=E1. *conj ( - I ) ; %si nce t he i nput cur r ent t o machi ne1 i s - I
S2=E2. *conj ( I ) ; %si nce t he i nput cur r ent t o machi ne2 i s +I
Sl oss=Z. *( abs( I ) . ^2) ;
P1=r eal ( S1) ;
P2=r eal ( S2) ;
Q1=i mag( S1) ;
Q2=i mag( S2) ;
Pl oss=r eal ( Sl oss) ;
Ql oss=i mag( Sl oss) ;
subpl ot ( 2, 1, 1) ; pl ot ( a, P1, ' - or ' , a, P2, ' - xg' , a, Pl oss, ' - xb' )
xl abel ( ' E1 phase angl e ( i n Deg) ' )
yl abel ( ' Act i ve power ( i n W) ' )
hl eg1=l egend( ' Machi ne 1' , ' Machi ne
2' , ' Li neLoss' , ' Locat i on' , ' Nor t hEast Out si de' ) ;
gr i d on
subpl ot ( 2, 1, 2) ; pl ot ( a, Q1, ' - or ' , a, Q2, ' - xg' , a, Ql oss, ' - xb' )
xl abel ( ' E1 phase angl e ( i n Deg) ' )
yl abel ( ' React i ve power ( i n VAR) ' )
hl eg2=l egend( ' Machi ne 1' , ' Machi ne
2' , ' Li neLoss' , ' Locat i on' , ' Nor t hEast Out si de' ) ;
gr i d on
3.3 RESULTS
After executing the script we got the following plots:
Fig 3-2
3.4 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
By definition we know that the power absorbed by a circuit element is
=