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ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 21 24, Toronto, ON
Dr. Medhat H. Shehata is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Shehata has 25 years of industrial and academic experience pertaining to construction material. His areas of expertise include properties, deterioration mechanisms and long-term performance of concrete, development of test methods and standards, construction sustainability and green buildings, recycling of construction and industrial wastes, and development of new construction materials. Dr. Shehata is the current Chair of the Engineering mechanics and Materials of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. He is also a member of various international technical committees including Canadian Standards Association, CSA A23.1 and A23.2, the Technical Subcommittee on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction of CSA, and Committee C. 09, Concrete and Aggregate and subcommittee 09.26, Chemical Reaction of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
ACI WEB SESSIONS
Alkali Reactivity of Reclaimed Concrete Aggregate: Evaluation, Testing and Preventative Measures
ReclaimedConcreteAggregate(RCA)
Reclaimedorrecycledconcreteaggregateis producedfromprocessingofdemolished concretestructuresorreturnedtoplant concrete.
Medhat Shehata, Chris Christidis,Waleed Mikhaiel, Robert Johnson, Mohamed Lachemi Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chris Rogers Consultant, Ontario, Canada
ReclaimedConcreteAggregate(RCA)
Reclaimedorrecycledconcreteaggregateis producedfromprocessingofdemolished concretestructures orreturnedtoplant concrete.
ReclaimedConcreteAggregate(RCA)
5/10/2013
ReclaimedConcreteAggregate(RCA)
ReclaimedConcreteAggregate(RCA)
ProblemDefinition
In Canada, RCA has been used with success as granular base for pavements The use of RCA in some construction applications such as Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) is under consideration The lack of availability of natural aggregates in some locations may push for the use of RCA in structural concrete
ProblemDefinition
IftheRCAorpercentageofitwasproduced fromstructuresaffectedbyASR,willthenew concretesufferdeterioration? Aretherepreventivemeasures?Arethese preventivemeasurespractical? IsthereawaytosafelyuseRCAevenif partofitisaffectedbyASR? Arethereacceleratedtestmethodsto evaluatepreventivemeasures?
Shehata et al., ACI Fall 2012 Convention
Materials ReactiveAggregates
ReactivityofRCAand PreventiveMeasures
5/10/2013
Materials CementingMaterial
LowAlkaliGUPC,Na2Oe =0.56% HighAlkaliGUPC,Na2Oe =0.96% SilicaFume Slag FLA:CaO =4.4%Na2Oe=1.95% FHA:CaO =6.4%Na2Oe=4.30% CILA:CaO =17.0%Na2Oe=2.10% CHLA:CaO =28.7%Na2Oe=2.16% LithiumNitrate
ExperimentalTechniques
ConcretePrismTest AcceleratedMortarBartest ConcreteMicrobarTest ScanningElectronMicroscopyand EnergyDispersiveXrayanalysis
ExperimentalTechniques
ConcretePrismTest AcceleratedMortarBartest ConcreteMicrobarTest ScanningElectronMicroscopyand EnergyDispersiveXrayanalysis
TestMethods
Concrete Microbar
Mortar Bars
TestMethods
Concrete PrismTest Standard Mixture Dimension Aggregate Soaking solution Duration Temperature ASTMC 1293 Concrete 75X75X285 mm Accelerated MortarBar Test ASTMC1260 andC1567 Mortar 25x25x285 mm ConcreteMicrobar Test RILEM AAR5 Paste+Coarse aggregate 40x40x160(or 285)mm Stones4.0 to8.0 mm(nosand) Yes 14to28days 80C
TestMethods
19.0 4.75mm Sandfractions +sand <4.75mm No 1or2years 38C Yes 14days 80C
5/10/2013
ReactivityofRCA Phase1
0.30 0.25
Reactivity AggregateProcessing
100%Spratt 100%RCA
Expansion (%)
0.20
0.15 0.10
Age(Weeks)
Reactivity RoleofAlkalis
0.30 RCA 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Spratt, Ref. 6
0.25
PreventiveMeasures
RCA, F-LA RCA, CH-LA Spratt, F-LA, Ref. 25 Spratt, CH-LA, Ref. 25
0.20
Expansion (%)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Na2Oe of PC %
PreventiveMeasures
PreventiveMeasures
5/10/2013
PreventiveMeasures
0.28
PreventiveMeasures
FFlyAsh
0.24
CIFlyAsh
0.20 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.00 No SCM 5/15 5/20 5/25 5/30
SilicaFume/FlyAshReplacementLevel(%)
AggregateDilution: ApracticalMitigationApproach
Most concrete applications would include blends of RCA and natural aggregates to reduce volume change (shrinkage) and maintain other durability aspects.
AggregateDilution: ApracticalMitigationApproach
Most concrete applications would include blends of RCA and natural aggregates to reduce volume change (shrinkage) and maintain other durability aspects. Most concrete mixtures include one of more types of SCM
AggregateDilution: ApracticalMitigationApproach
Most concrete applications would include blends of RCA and natural aggregates to reduce volume change (shrinkage) and maintain other durability aspects. Most concrete mixtures include one of more types of SCM Will practical level of SCM mitigate ASR in concrete with blends of reactive RCA and non-reactive natural aggregate?
Shehata et al., ACI Fall 2012 Convention
ExpansionResults
5/10/2013
PreventiveMeasures
0.25
30%RCA+70%nonreactivelimestone 25%FAsh 25%CIAsh
PreventiveMeasures
0.20
Expansion (%)
50%Slag
0.15
0.10
0.05
Age(Weeks)
AcceleratedTesting
TestMethods
0.30
AcceleratedMortarBarTest WithMinorModifications
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
38
Accelerated Testing
Accelerated Mortar Bar Test With Minor Modifications
0.30 5% SF/30% LCFA 70% RCA 70% RCA with 25% LCFA
SampleProcessing
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
39
5/10/2013
4.75mmto2.36mm
SampleProcessing
AMBT:Interlab Study
DifferentTypesofRCAfromTestBlocks
AMBT Aggregate 14d exp,% CPT 1-year exp,% 0.090 Reactivity level Block Age Average Expansion % 0.423 Aggregate
AMBT:Interlab Study
DifferentTypesofRCAfromTestBlocks
AMBT 14d exp,% CPT 1-year exp,% 0.090 Reactivity level Block Age Average Expansion % 0.423
0.360
Moderate 14 years
0.360
Moderate 14 years
High High
16 Years 14 Years
High High
16 Years 14 Years
Moderate 14 Years
Moderate 14 Years
AMBT:Interlab Study
DifferentTypesofRCAfromTestBlocks
AMBT Aggregate Location Rock Type 14d exp,% Gravel (sandstone, limestone, quartzite and mixed volcanics) CPT 1-year exp,% Reactivity level
AMBT:InterlabStudy
DifferentTypesofRCAfromTestBlocks
Alberta Gravel
Calgary (Canada)
0.360
0.090
Moderate
Springhill Limestone
Fredericton (Canada)
Crushed greywacke
0.463 0.090
0.217 0.130
High High
Montreal Potsdam Siliceous sandstone (Canada) St-Jean sur-leBernier Argillaceous limestone Richelieu Limestone (Canada)
0.173
0.069
Moderate
45
5/10/2013
TestMethods
0.40 0.35 0.30
ConcreteMicrobartest PreliminaryWork
Spratt: 4.75 - 9.5 mm RCA: 4.75 - 9.5 mm RCA: 9.5 - 12.5 mm
Expansion (%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
48
Age (Days)
ConcreteMicrobartest
0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00
14Days 28Days
ConcreteMicrobartest
0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00
14Days 28Days
Expansion%
Conclusions
Mitigatingexpansioninconcretecontaining reactiveRCAcouldbeachievedusingternary blendsofsilicafumeandloworintermediate calciumflyashofalkalicontent2.0%Na2Oe. Ternaryblendsof20%TypeFflyashand30% slagwasalsoeffectiveinmitigatingthe expansioninconcretewith100%RCAusedas coarseaggregate.
Expansion%
Conclusions
TheuseoflithiumnitratewithSCMreducedthe expansionofconcrete;however,thelevelsof investigatedlithiumandSCMwerenotenough tolimittheexpansionto<0.04%at2years. BlendingthereactiveRCAwithnonreactive coarseaggregatereducedtheexpansion comparedtoconcretewith100%RCAusedasthe coarseaggregate.
5/10/2013
Conclusions
PracticallevelsofSCMs(25%flyashofCaO < 20%and50%slag)wereeffectiveinmitigatingthe expansioninconcretewithreactiveRCAblended with30%nonreactivenaturalstones. Theconcretemicrobartestshowedpromising resultsintermsofpredictingreactivityofRCA. Moreworkisneededtoinvestigatethecapacityof thetesttoevaluatepreventivemeasures.
ThankYou! Questions?