Chemical Engineering Department

EXPERIMENT:- 01 FIRE & FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

It is the phenomena due to high exothermic combustion reaction between combustible matter and oxidizing agent at high temperature. Fuel + O2 + temperature Fire

Three basic requirements are necessary before combustion can occur, namely; 1. The presence of fuel or the combustible material. 2. The presence of 2 usually air or other superior of combustion. !. The presence of heat. This requirement can be presented by triangle "now as the fire combustion triangle which is illustrated below.

The different method for pre#ention and control of fire$% &ire can be pre#ented and control by following methods$% 1 Star!ati"#:This methods cuts supply of fuel by remo#ing material from the neighborhood of the fire. 'y remo#ing the fire from the neighborhood of combustible materials. 'y sub di#iding the burning materials. 2 Sm""t$e#i#%:(ombustion will be pre#ented, if the 2 content of air in neighborhood of burning material can be sufficiently reduced. &ollowing are the methods of smoothening$% )pplication of #iscous cooling on burning materials i.e. use to foam. )pplication of cloud of finally di#ided particles of any power from a

Fire & Fire extinguishing

Chemical Engineering Department pressurized fire extinguisher. )pplication of fire inert gas, steam or #aporizing liquid from the fire extinguisher. & '""li#%:It*s limit the neat or temperature for cooling principle in fire extinguishment. +alter is the one most commonly employed as it is one of the best extinguishing media a#ailable in large quantity at a #ery low cost. 'la((i)i*ati"# ") +i))ere#t t,pe ") )ire:&ire classified as following way according to the nature of combustible material. 1 'la(( -./ Fire:&ire in ordinary combustible material such as wood, cloths, papers, and charcoal etc.. 2 'la(( -0/ Fire:&ire in flammable petroleum products, flammable liquid and gases. (ertain solid li"e naphthalene, theses material produce petrol, furnace oil, natural gas, #arnishes etc. & 'la(( -'/ Fire:&ire in#ol#ing energized electrical equipment where the non conducti#ity of the extinguishing media is important. 1 'la(( -2/ Fire:&ire in combustible matter low ,.-. matter li"e cadmium potassium and burning of the matter belongs to there class, may be in powder, chips. 'la(( ") )ire +ood, paper, plastic, cloths automatic +ater, foam, E3ti#%ui($i#% .%e#t dry chemical powder,

.prin"ler system. &lammable #apor and liquids &oam, ( 2, dry chemical powder, +ater spray, &ixed foam, blan"eting. /lectrical &ire water dry chemical powder, ( ,ust not be used. 2 Fire & Fire extinguishing
2

are useful,

Chemical Engineering Department

,etal &ire 01a, 2, -, ,g.3 Fire e3ti#%ui($i#% a%e#t:-

.pecial type of extinguishing agent are required.

1. +ater or water based extinguisher 2. )nti 4 freeze extinguisher !. 5ry chemical extinguisher 7. 8aporizing extinguishing agent :. 5ry powder graphite

+ater % soda% acid (a(l2, lithium (hloride, 22( ! /thylene glycol etc. 1a6( !, 26( ! ( 2, etc. ((97, ( 2, (hloro bromo methane 1a(l, 167(l and hard material.

Fire & Fire extinguishing