I Power SI: CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Pump power Reference points for the

energy equation: Example Problem 11.1 Point 1: At surface of lower reservoir Fig. 11.2 Point 2: At surface of upper reservoir System Data: SI Metric Units 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.015 m /s Elevation at point 1 = 2.00 m Pressure at point 1 = 0 kPa Elevation at point 2 = 12.00 m Pressure at point 2 = 0 kPa If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v1 "= B20" OR Set v2 "= E20" Velocity at point 1 = 0 m/s --> Vel head at point 1 = 0m Velocity at point 2 = 0 m/s --> Vel head at point 2 = 0m May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 7.74 kN/m Kinematic viscosity = 7.10E-07 m /s Pipe 1: 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Pipe 2: 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Diameter: D = 0.1023 m Diameter: D = 0.0525 m Wall roughness: e = 4.60E-05 m Wall roughness: e = 4.60E-05 m [See Table 8.2] Length: L = 15 m Length: L = 200 m 2 2 2 Area: A = 8.22E-03 m Area: A = 2.16E-03 m [A = pD /4] D /e = D /e = 2224 1141 Relative roughness L /D = L /D = 147 3810 Flow Velocity = 1.82 m/s Flow Velocity = 6.93 m/s [v = Q/A ] [v 2 /2g ] Velocity head = 0.170 m Velocity head = 2.447 m [N R = vD/ n] Reynolds No. = 2.63E+05 Reynolds No. = 5.13E+05 Friction factor: f = Friction factor: f = 0.0182 0.0198 Using Eq. 8-7 Energy losses-Pipe 1: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Energy loss h L1 = 2.67 1 0.453 m Friction Entrance loss: K 2 = Energy loss h L2 = 0.50 1 0.085 m Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = Energy losses-Pipe 2: Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Globe valve: K 2 = 2 std elbows: K 3 = Exit loss: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 75.35 6.46 0.57 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Results: 1 1 1 1 1 1 Qty. 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = Total head on pump: h A = Power added to fluid: P A = Pump efficiency = Power input to pump: P I = 0.000 m 0.000 m 0.000 m 0.000 m 0.000 m 0.000 m 184.40 m Friction 15.81 m 2.79 m 2.45 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 205.98 m 216.0 m 25.08 kW 76.00 % 32.99 kW

I Power US: CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Pump power Reference points for the energy equation: Problem 11.29 Pt. 1: At pump inlet - Point A in Figure 11.23 Fig. 11.26 Pt. 2: In free stream of fluid outside nozzle System Data: U.S. Customary Units 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.5 ft /s Elevation at point 1 = 0 ft Pressure at point 1 = -3.5 psig Elevation at point 2 = 80 ft If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v 1 "= B20" OR Set v 2 "= E20" Pressure at point 2 = 0 psig Velocity at point 1 = 9.74 ft/s --> Vel head at point 1 = 1.47 ft Velocity at point 2 = 54.24 ft/s --> Vel head at point 2 = 45.68 ft May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 64.00 lb/ft Kinematic viscosity = 2.01E-05 ft /s Pipe 1: 3-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Pipe 2: 2 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Diameter: D = 0.2557 ft Diameter: D = 0.2058 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft [See Table 8.2] Length: L = 0 ft Length: L = 82 ft 2 2 [A = pD2/4] Area: A = 0.05135 ft Area: A = 0.03326 ft D /e = D /e = 1705 1372 Relative roughness L /D = L /D = 0 398 Flow Velocity = 9.74 ft/s Flow Velocity = 15.03 ft/s [v = Q/A ] [v 2 /2g ] Velocity head = 1.472 ft Velocity head = 3.508 ft [N R = vD/ n] Reynolds No. = 1.24E+05 Reynolds No. = 1.54E+05 Friction factor: f = Friction factor: f = 0.0203 0.0205 Using Eq. 8-7 Energy losses-Pipe 1: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = Energy loss h L1 = 0.00 1 0.00 ft Element 2: K 2 = Energy loss h L2 = 0.00 1 0.00 ft Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = Energy losses-Pipe 2: Pipe: K 1 = Elbow: K 2 = Nozzle: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 8.16 0.54 32.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Results: 1 1 1 1 1 1 Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = Total head on pump: h A = Power added to fluid: P A = Pump efficiency = Power input to pump: P I = 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 28.61 ft 1.89 ft 114.37 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 144.88 ft 277.0 ft 16.11 hp 76.00 % 21.20 hp

I Pressure SI: CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Pressure: Point 2 Reference points for the energy equation: Problem 11.7-Mott-Modified Pt. 1: In pipe at Point A Fig. 11.17 Pt. 2: In pipe at Point B System Data: SI Metric Units 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 2.83E-05 m /s Elevation at point 1 = 0 m Pressure at point 1 = 100 kPa Elevation at point 2 = 1.2 m *Pressure at point 2 to be determined* If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v1 "= B20" OR Set v2 "= E20" Velocity at point 1 = 0.346 m/s --> Vel head at point 1 = 0.006104 m Velocity at point 2 = 0.346 m/s --> Vel head at point 2 = 0.006104 m May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 12.2625 kN/m Kinematic viscosity = 2.40E-07 m /s Pipe 1: 1/2-in x 0.049 steel tube Pipe 2: None Diameter: D = 0.01021 m Diameter: D = 0.09797 m Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-06 m Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-06 m See Table 8.2 Length: L = 30 m Length: L = 0 m 2 2 [A = pD2/4] Area: A = 8.19E-05 m Area: A = 7.54E-03 m D /e = D /e = 6807 65313 Relative roughness L /D = L /D = 2938 0 Flow Velocity = 0.346 m/s Flow Velocity = 0.0038 m/s [v = Q/A] Velocity head = 0.006104 m Velocity head = 0.0000 m [NR = vD/n] Reynolds No. = 1.47E+04 Reynolds No. = 1.53E+03 Friction factor: f = Friction factor: f = 0.0282 0.0563 Using Eq. 8-7 Energy losses-Pipe 1: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Energy loss h L1 = 82.96 1 0.5064 m Friction Check Valve: K 2 = Energy loss h L2 = 1.95 1 0.0119 m (fT = 0.013) Globe Valve: K 3 = Return Bends: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = Energy losses-Pipe 2: Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Element 2: K 2 = Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 4.420 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 8 1 1 1 1 Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = Results: Pressure at target point: 0.0270 m (fT = 0.013) 0.0317 m (fT = 0.013) 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m Friction 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.5770 m 78.21 kPa

I Pressure US: CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Pressure: Point 2 Reference points for the energy equation: Problem 11.3 Pt. 1: In pipe at Point A at outlet of pump Fig. 11.13 Pt. 2: In pipe at Point B at inlet to the hydraulic cylinder System Data: US Customary Units 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.13363 ft /s Elevation at point 1 = 0 ft Pressure at point 1 = 212.77 psig Elevation at point 2 = 25 ft Pressure at point 2 = 200 psig If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v1 "= B20" OR Set v2 "= E20" Velocity at point 1 = 5.73 ft/s Vel head at point 1 = 0.51 ft Velocity at point 2 = 5.73 ft/s Vel head at point 2 = 0.51 ft May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 56.16 lb/ft Kinematic viscosity = 3.44E-05 ft /s Pipe 1: 2-in Sch. 40 steel pipe Pipe 2: None Diameter: D = 0.1723 ft Diameter: D = 0.1723 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft See Table 8.2 Length: L = 50 ft Length: L = 0 ft 2 2 [A = pD2/4] Area: A = 2.33E-02 ft Area: A = 2.33E-02 ft D /e = D /e = 1149 1149 Relative roughness L /D = L /D = 290 0 Flow Velocity = 5.73 ft/s Flow Velocity = 5.73 ft/s [v = Q/A] Velocity head = 0.510 ft Velocity head = 0.510 ft [v2/2g] [N Reynolds No. = 2.87E+04 Reynolds No. = 2.87E+04 R = vD/n] Friction factor: f = Friction factor: f = 0.0260 0.0260 Using Eq. 8-7 Energy losses-Pipe 1: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Energy loss h L1 = 7.55 1 3.85 ft Friction Control valve: K 2 = Energy loss h = 6.50 1 3.32 ft L2 2 elbows: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = Energy losses in Pipe 2: Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = Element 2: K 2 = Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Results: 2 1 1 1 1 1 Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = Total change in pressure: Pressure at target point: 0.58 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 7.75 ft -12.77 psi 200.00 psig (fT=0.019)

II-A & II-B SI: CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Volume flow rate Method II-A: No minor losses Example Problem 11.3 Uses Equation 11-3 to estimate the allowable volume flow rate Figure 11.7 to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1 System Data: SI Metric Units Pressure at point 1 = 120 kPa Elevation at point 1 = 0 m Pressure at point 2 = 60 kPa Elevation at point 2 = 0 m Energy loss: h L = 6.95 m May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 8.63 kN/m Kinematic viscosity = 1.08E-05 m /s Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Diameter: D = 0.1541 m Wall roughness: e = 4.60E-05 m Length: L = 100 m Results: Maximum values 2 3 Using Eq. 11-3 Area: A = 0.018651 m Volume flow rate: Q = 0.0569 m /s D/ e = Velocity: v = 3350 3.05 m/s CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA; Include minor losses; then pressure at Point 2 is computed Additional Pipe Data: L /D = 649 Flow Velocity = 2.88 m/s Velocity head = 0.424 m Reynolds No. = 4.12E+04 Friction factor: f = 0.0228 Energy losses in Pipe: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = 14.76 1 2 std. elbows: K 2 = 0.45 2 Butterfly valve: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 0.0538 m /s 120 kPa Pressure p 2 = 60.18 kPa NOTE: Should be > 60 kPa Adjust estimate for Q until p 2 is greater than desired pressure. Velocity at point 1 = 2.88 m/s |--> If velocity is in pipe: Velocity at point 2 = 2.88 m/s |--> Enter "=B24" Vel. head at point 1 = 0.424 m Vel. head at point 2 = 0.424 m

Volume flow rate: Q = Given: Pressure p 1 =

Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot =

6.26 m Friction 0.38 m 0.29 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 6.93 m

II-A & II-B US: CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS Method II-A: No minor losses Uses Equation 11-3 to find maximum allowable volume flow rate to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1 System Data: US Customary Units Pressure at point 1 = 250 psig Elevation at point 1 = 55 ft Pressure at point 2 = 180 psig Elevation at point 2 = 0 ft Energy loss: h L = 202.22 ft May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 68.47 lb/ft Kinematic viscosity = 1.59E-04 ft /s Pipe data: 4-in Sch 40 steel pipe Diameter: D = 0.512 ft Wall roughness: e = 4.00E-04 ft Length: L = 5000 ft Results: Maximum values 2 3 Area: A = 0.20589 ft Volume flow rate: Q = 1.4500 ft /s Using Eq. 11-3 D/ e = 1280 Velocity: v = 7.04 ft/s APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Volume flow rate Problem 11.10 CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA; Include minor losses; then pressure at Point 2 is computed Additional Pipe Data: L /D = 9766 Flow Velocity = 7.04 ft/s Velocity head = 0.770 ft Reynolds No. = 2.27E+04 Friction factor: f = 0.0269 Energy losses in Pipe: K Qty. Pipe: K 1 = f(L/D) = 263.18 1 Element 2: K 2 = 0.00 1 Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1.45 ft /s 250 psig Pressure p 2 = 179.77 psig NOTE: Should be > 180 psig Adjust estimate for Q until p 2 is equal or greater than desired. Velocity at point 1 = 7.04 ft/s |--> If velocity is in pipe: Velocity at point 2 = 7.04 ft/s |--> Enter "=B24" Vel. head at point 1 = 0.77 ft Vel. head at point 2 = 0.77 ft

Volume flow rate: Q = Given: Pressure p 1 =

Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot =

202.69 ft Friction 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 202.69 ft

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Minimum pipe diameter Problem 11.18 System Data: SI Metric Units Pressure at point 1 = 150 Pressure at point 2 = 0 Elevation at point 1 = 0 Elevation at point 2 = 0 Allowable Energy Loss: h L = 15.74

kPa kPa m m m 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.06 m /s Length of pipe: L = 30 m Pipe wall roughness: e = 1.50E-06 m

III-A & III-B SI: CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS Method III-A: Uses Equation 11-13 to compute the minimum size of pipe of a given length that will flow a given volume flow rate of fluid with a limited pressure drop. (No minor losses) Fluid Properties: 3 Specific weight = 9.53 kN/m 2 Kinematic Viscosity = 3.60E-07 m /s Intermediate Results in Eq. 11-13: L/ghL = 0.194292 Argument in bracket: 2.89E-22 Final Minimum Diameter: Minimum diameter: D = 0.0908 m Specified pipe diameter: D = 0.09797 m 4-inch Type K copper tube If velocity is in the pipe, enter "=B23" for value Velocity at point 1 = 7.96 m/s Velocity at point 2 = 7.96 m/s Vel. head at point 1 = 3.229 m Vel. head at point 2 = 3.229 m Results: Given pressure at point 1 = 150 kPa Desired pressure at point 2 = 0 kPa Actual pressure at point 2 = 48.13 kPa (Actual p 2 should be > desired pressure) Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = 10.69 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 0.00 m 10.69 m

CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS Method III-B: Use results of Method III-A; Specify actual diameter; Include minor losses; then pressure at Point 2 is computed. Additional Pipe Data: 2 Flow area: A = 0.007538 m Relative roughness: D /e = 65313 L /D = 306 Flow Velocity = 7.96 m/s Velocity head = 3.229 m Reynolds No. = 2.17E+06 Friction factor: f = 0.0108 Energy losses in Pipe: K Qty. Pipe Friction: K 1 = f(L/D) = 3.31 1 Element 2: K 2 = 0.00 1 Element 3: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: Minimum pipe diameter Example Problem 11.6 System Data: SI Metric Units Pressure at point 1 = 102 Pressure at point 2 = 100 Elevation at point 1 = 0 Elevation at point 2 = 0 Allowable Energy Loss: h L = 4.62

psig psig ft ft ft 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.5 ft /s Length of pipe: L = 100 ft Pipe wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft

III-A & III-B US: CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS Method III-A: Uses Equation 11-8 to compute the minimum size of pipe of a given length that will flow a given volume flow rate of fluid with a limited pressure drop. (No minor losses) Fluid Properties: 3 Specific weight = 62.4 lb/ft 2 Kinematic Viscosity = 1.21E-05 ft /s Intermediate Results in Eq. 11-8: L/ghL = 0.672878 Argument in bracket: 5.77E-09 Final Minimum Diameter: Minimum diameter: D = 0.3090 ft Specified pipe diameter: D = 0.3355 ft 4-inch Schedule 40 steel pipe If velocity is in the pipe, enter "=B23" for value Velocity at point 1 = 5.66 ft/s Velocity at point 2 = 5.66 ft/s Vel. head at point 1 = 0.497 ft Vel. head at point 2 = 0.497 ft Results: Given pressure at point 1 = 102 psig Desired pressure at point 2 = 100 psig Actual pressure at point 2 = 100.46 psig (Compare actual with desired pressure at point 2) Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = 2.83 ft 0.34 ft 0.38 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 3.55 ft

CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS Method III-B: Use results of Method III-A; Specify actual diameter; Include minor losses; then pressure at Point 2 is computed. Additional Pipe Data: 2 Flow area: A = 0.08840 ft Relative roughness: D /e = 2237 L /D = 298 Flow Velocity = 5.66 ft/s Velocity head = 0.497 ft Reynolds No. = 1.57E+05 Friction factor: f = 0.0191 Energy losses in Pipe: K Qty. Pipe Friction: K 1 = f(L/D) = 5.70 1 Two long rad. elbows: K 2 = 0.34 2 Butterfly valve: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1

System Curve US: CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS Objective: System Curve Reference points for the energy equation: Ex. Problem 13.4 Pt. 1: Surface of lower reservoir Fig. 13.40 Pt. 2: Surface of upper reservoir System Data: U.S. Customary Units 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 0.5011 ft /s Elevation at point 1 = 0 ft Pressure at point 1 = 0 psig Elevation at point 2 = 80 ft If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v 1 "= B20" OR Set v 2 "= E20" Pressure at point 2 = 35 psig Velocity at point 1 = 0.00 ft/s --> Vel head at point 1 = 0.00 ft Velocity at point 2 = 0.00 ft/s --> Vel head at point 2 = 0.00 ft May need to compute: n = h/r Fluid Properties: 3 2 Specific weight = 62.40 lb/ft Kinematic viscosity = 1.21E-05 ft /s Pipe 1: 3 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Pipe 2: 2 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe Diameter: D = 0.2957 ft Diameter: D = 0.2058 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft Wall roughness: e = 1.50E-04 ft [See Table 8.2] Length: L = 8 ft Length: L = 360 ft 2 2 2 Area: A = 0.06867 ft Area: A = 0.03326 ft [A = pD /4] D /e = D /e = 1971 1372 Rel. roughness L /D = L /D = 27 1749 Flow Velocity = 7.30 ft/s Flow Velocity = 15.06 ft/s [v = Q/A ] [v 2 /2g ] Velocity head = 0.827 ft Velocity head = 3.524 ft [N R = vD/ n] Reynolds No. = 1.78E+05 Reynolds No. = 2.56E+05 Friction factor: f = Friction factor: f = 0.0192 0.0197 Using Eq. 8-7 Energy losses-Pipe 1: K Qty. Total K Pipe: K 1 = Energy loss h L1 = 0.519 1 0.519 0.43 ft Entrance: K 2 = Energy loss h L2 = 0.500 1 0.500 0.41 ft Gate Valve: K 3 = Element 4: K 4 = Element 5: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = Energy losses-Pipe 2: Pipe: K 1 = Check Valve: K 2 = Butterfly Valve: K 3 = Standard Elbow: K 4 = Exit Loss: K 5 = Element 6: K 6 = Element 7: K 7 = Element 8: K 8 = 0.136 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 K 34.488 1.800 0.810 0.540 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1 1 1 1 1 1 Qty. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0.136 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total K 34.488 1.800 0.810 1.080 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Energy loss h L1 = Energy loss h L2 = Energy loss h L3 = Energy loss h L4 = Energy loss h L5 = Energy loss h L6 = Energy loss h L7 = Energy loss h L8 = Total energy loss h Ltot = Results: Total head on pump: h A = 0.11 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 121.53 ft 6.34 ft 2.85 ft 3.81 ft 3.52 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 0.00 ft 139.01 ft 299.8 ft

Figure 13.41 Total head on the pump at the desired operating point for Example Problem 13.4

SYSTEM CURVE - Table 13.3 Q (gpm) Q (cfs) h a (ft) 0 0 160.8 25 0.056 162.9 50 0.111 168.6 75 0.167 177.6 100 0.223 189.9 125 0.278 205.4 150 0.334 224.1 175 0.390 246.1 200 0.445 271.3 225 0.501 299.8 250 0.557 331.4 275 0.612 366.3 300 0.668 325 0.724 350 0.780

PUMP CURVE: 2X3-10 PUMP WITH 9-IN IMPELLER-From Fig. 13.27 Q (gpm) Total head (ft) 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 370 369 368 366 364 360 355 349 341 332 320 305 285 265 245

Figure 13.42 Operating Point for Example Problem 13.4

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 Capacity (gal/min)

Total head (ft)

PELLER-From Fig. 13.27

350

Friction Factor Calculation using Swamee-Jain Equation 8-7 Problem 8.28: Friction factor only; SI data Use consistent SI or U.S. Customary units Fluid Properties: Kinematic Viscosity Water at 75 deg C 2 2 3.83E-07 m /s or ft /s

3 3 Volume flow rate: Q = 2.15E-04 m /s or ft /s Pipe Data: 1/2 in Type K Copper Pipe wall roughness: e = 1.50E-06 m or ft Pipe diameter = 0.01339 m or ft 2 2 0.000141 m or ft 8927

Flow area: A = Relative roughness: D /e = Flow Velocity = Reynolds No. = Friction factor: f =

1.53 m/s or ft/s 5.34E+04 0.0209 Using Eq. 8-7