210AMA102

Exam Time Table Code AMA102

Answer Books A & B
Level 1 Examination
Applied Mathematics
210AMA102
Waves and vector fields
Monday, 26th May 2008 9:30 am - 12:30 pm
Examiners: Professor P.F. O'Mahony
and the internal examiners
Calculators are allowed, provided they are neither graphical nor
programmable, and have only one or two lines of display.
Answer THREE questions from each section
All questions carry equal marks
This examination constitutes 80% of the assessment of the module
You have THREE HOURS to complete the paper
210AMA102
SECTION A
Answer THREE questions from THIS section
1. (a) Given:
y(x) = e
x
ln x +
sin (x
2
1)
x
2
+
_
cos(x
3
)
calculate
dy
dx
.
(b) Use integration by parts to show that
J
n
=
_

0
x
n
e
x
dx = n! n = 0, 1, 2, 3......
(c) Show that the Maclaurin series for the function f(x) = cos x is
cos x = 1
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!
+
(1)
n
x
2n
(2n)!
+
Using the ratio test, show that this series converges for all nite values of x.
(d) Use LH opitals rule to determine the following limit:
lim
x1
2 ln x
x
3
1
2. Consider a function of two variables: f(x, y).
(a) Write down, without proof, the Taylor series of the function f(a + h, b + k) about the
point (a, b), up to and including terms of second order in h and k.
(b) By letting x = a +h and y = b +k, nd the second order Taylor series expansion of the
function
f(x, y) =
1
x + 2y
about the point (1, 1).
(c) Write down the equations that dene a stationary (critical) point of f(x, y), and the
conditions used to determine whether a stationary point is a maximum, minimum or
saddle point.
(d) Find and classify all four of the stationary points for the function
f(x, y) = 3x
2
y + y
3
3x
2
3y
2
+ 2 .
/CONTINUED
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210AMA102
3. Any piece-wise continuous function f(x), dened in the interval x +, can be
represented by a Fourier series:
f(x) =
1
2
a
0
+
+

n=1
(a
n
cos nx + b
n
sin nx) .
(a) Write down the formulae for the coecients a
n
and b
n
.
(b) Sketch the function f(x) on the interval, x +, where
f(x) = | sin x|
and deduce whether it represents an even or an odd function.
(c) Show that the Fourier coecients of f(x) = | sin x| are:
a
0
=
4

a
n
=
2
(n
2
1)
_
(1)
n+1
1
_
b
n
= 0 , for all n
(d) Hence show that the Fourier series for f(x) = | sin x| may be written as
2

_
cos 2x
2
2
1
+
cos 4x
4
2
1
+
cos 6x
6
2
1
+
_
4. The vertical displacement y(x, t) of a stretched string is described by the wave equation

2
x
2
y(x, t) =
1
c
2

2
t
2
y(x, t)
where x is the distance along the string from one end, t is the time and c denotes the speed
of the wave along the string. Suppose the string has length L and is clamped at both ends,
so that the boundary conditions are dened by the equations y(0, t) = 0 and y(L, t) = 0.
(a) Use the method of separation of variables to show that a solution of the wave equation,
compatible with these conditions is
y(x, t) =
+

n=1
_
C
n
sin(
nct
L
) + D
n
cos(
nct
L
)
_
sin(
nx
L
)
where C
n
and D
n
are constants.
(b) If the initial conditions on the vertical displacement and vertical velocity are
y(x, 0) = 0

t
y(x, 0) =
_
2hx
L
0 x
L
2
2h[1
x
L
]
L
2
x L
Show that
y(x, t) =
8hL

3
c
_
sin(
x
L
) sin(
ct
L
)
1
3
3
sin(
3x
L
) sin(
3ct
L
)+
1
5
3
sin(
5x
L
) sin(
5ct
L
)
_
/CONTINUED
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210AMA102
SECTION B
Answer THREE Questions from THIS section
5. (a) The calculation of double integrals in two-dimensional Cartesian (x, y) and polar (r, )
co-ordinates requires the use of the Jacobian to convert between elements of area. Write
down the expression for the Jacobian
J =
(x, y)
(r, )
and show that when transforming to polar co-ordinates
dA = dxdy rdrd .
(b) Sketch the semi-circular region R dened by
x
2
+ y
2
4 0 y 2 .
(c) Taking R as dened in (b) calculate
_ _
R
yx
2
dydx
using both cartesian (x, y) and polar(r, ) co-ordinates and show that in each case the
answer is
64
15
.
6. (a) A parabolic dish in 3D is dened by the equation:
g(x, y, z) = x
2
+ y
2
z = 0 .
Calculate an expression for g. Hence nd a normal vector to the surface at the point
(3, 4, 25) and show that the equation of the tangent plane to this surface, at this point
is given by
6x + 8y z = 25 .
(b) The vector eld A(x, y, z) is dened as:
A(x, y, z) = xz i y
2
j + 2x
2
y k
and the scalar eld is dened as
= x
2
yz
3
.
Calculate expressions for the following quantities:
(i) (ii) A (iii) A (iv) div(A) (v) curl(A)
/CONTINUED
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210AMA102
7. (a) State, without proof, Greens theorem in the plane.
(b) Consider the triangle formed by the three points ABC in the x-y plane. The (x, y)
coordinates of the points are: A (0,0), B (1,0), and C (1,2).
Calculate the following line integral I around the closed triangular path ABCA, and
show it has the value given:
I =
_
ABCA
_
xy dx + x
2
y
3
dy
_
=
2
3
.
(c) Use Greens theorem in the plane to re-evaluate the integral I by means of a 2D integral
in Cartesian coordinates over the triangular region enclosed, and establish this method
also yields the vale for I of
2
3
given above.
8. (a) State, without proof, Gauss divergence theorem.
(b) Given the vector eld:
A(x, y, z) = (2x z)i + x
2
yj xz
2
k ,
calculate, using Cartesian co-ordinates, an expression for
A .
(c) Consider the cube of unit side dened by the region 0 x 1, 0 y 1, 0 z 1.
The surface S enclosing the region is dened by relevant portions of the the six surfaces
x = 0, x = 1 y = 0, y = 1 z = 0, z = 1 .
Using both the divergence theorem and direct calculation of the surface integral show
that
___
V
A dV =
11
6
.
END OF EXAMINATION
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