1. 1.1 1.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT

All reinforcement to be provided shall conform to the SCOPE specifications laid down here for use in construction. The Steel reinforcement when surrounding concrete is placed P,ACE-E.T shall be free from oil grease or other coating which might destro! or reduce its bond with the concrete. All placing shall be in accordance with AC" #1$%&' (details and detailing of concrete reinforcement) and the drawings furnished or approved. All reinforcement including dowels remaining e*posed in the wor+ shall be suitabl! protected until embedded in concrete. Steel reinforcement ma! be mill or field cut and bent. All bending shall be in accordance with standard approved practice and b! approved machine methods in accordance to AC" #1$%&' (details and detailing of concrete reinforcement). /hen bending bars in concrete in all such cases bars should be cold bent. C0TT".1 A.2 3E.2".1

1.#

1.'

Steel bar reinforcement shall be deformed bars confirming to 80A,"T9 the provisions of AST- designation A41$%52 Standard Specifications for 2eformed and Plain billet%Steel 3ars for Concrete 6einforcement and shall have minimum !ield strength of '7777 psi. .o steel shall be incorporated in the wor+s without prior approval of the engineer. The variation from indicated spacing provided that the total SPAC".1 area of the reinforcement is in accordance with the drawings shall not be more than 2$mm :1inch;. The cover for all main reinforcement shall conform to the CO.C6ETE protective covering as AC" #1<%&$ (3uilding Code COAE6 re=uirement for Structural Concrete) Clause 5.5 shall not be more than 4mm from the values specified. The concrete covering of stirrups spacer bars and similar secondar! reinforcement ma! be reduced b! the diameter of such bars. The minimum concrete cover shall be as per AC" #1<%&$ Clause 5.1 as given below> No. of Bars .o. 4 through .o. 1< bars .o. $ bar and smaller Minimum Cover (inch) ?????2 ?............1 @

1.$

1.4

1 of 2'

Concrete not e*pose to weather or in contact with ground> Slab walls Boints .o. 1' and .o. 1< bars 1C2 .o. 11 bar and smaller 3eams Columns Primar! reinforcement ties stirrups spirals Shells folded plate members .o. 4 bar and larger #C' .o. $ bar and smaller 1.5

.?????1 ??.............#C' ...???.1 @ ????? ?????1C2

E*cept as otherwise shown on the drawings or specified P,AC".1 herein all splices lengths of laps splice locations placement and embedment of reinforcement shall conform to the applicable re=uirements of AC" #1<%5& (3uilding Code re=uirement for Structural Concrete) where building code re=uirements for reinforcement are not shown on the drawings> however all splices shown on the drawing shall be maintained and additional bar splices shall be provided as re=uired subBect to the approval of the engineer. All reinforcement shall be secured in place b! use of metal or S0PPO6TS concrete supports spacers or ties as approved b! the engineer. Such supports shall be of sufficient strength to maintain the reinforcement in place through out the concreting operation. The supports shall be used in such a manner that the! will not be e*posed or contribute in an! wa! to the discoloration or deterioration of the concrete. Concrete supports shall be manufactured of the same concrete mi* as used in the structure to be concreted. 3efore placing concrete care shall be ta+en to determine that E-3E22E2 all embedded items are firml! and securel! fastened in place "TE-S as indicated on the general note drawing D .E%'7C2774%S%77 as re=uired. Embedded items shall be free of oil and other foreign matter such as loose coating of rust paint and scale. The embedding of wood or other foreign materials in concrete is prohibited unless specificall! authoriFed or directed.
The standard in their designation and weights are provided below as per AST- 41$%5& Standard Specifications for 2eformed and Plain billet%Steel 3ars.

1.<

1.&

1.17

2 of 2'

3ars 2esignation .o 2 # ' $ 4 5 < & 17 11 12 1' 1< 1.11

0nit /eight +g. Per meter 7.2'& 7.$47 7.&&' 1.$$2 2.2#$ #.7'2 #.&5# $.74 4.'7' 5.&75 11.#<' 11.#<' 27.2#<

"t is standard practice specification as per :AC" #1$%&' 2ETA",".1 OG (details and detailing of concrete reinforcement); detailing of CO.C6ETE concrete reinforcement prepares the structural design to meet 6E".GO6CE-E.T the applicable 3uilding Code and provide sufficient definition through these specifications to conve! all the re=uirements for detailing concrete reinforcement. "t is standard practice in the industr! to show all bar 2ETA",".1 TO dimensions as out%to%out and consider the bar lengths as the GA36"CAT".1 sum of all detailed dimensions including Hoo+s A and 1. STA.2A62S :See attached table I 1 Standard hoo+s on ne*t page #a; All tables herein which give clearances spacing hoo+s etc are based on the use of deformed bars meeting ASTspecifications.

1.11.1

1.11.2

To avoid creating e*cessive stresses during bending bars 3E.2".1 must not be bent too sharpl!. Controls are established b! specif!ing the minimum inside radius or inside diameter of bend which can be made for each siFe of bar. The radius or diameter of the completed bend is usuall! e*pressed as a multipl! of the nominal diameter of the bar db. The minimum diameter of bend specified b! AC" #1< (3uilding Code re=uirement for Structural Concrete) for reinforcing bars measured on the inside of the bar are>

# of 2'

Other than Ties or stirrups tiesCstirrups D# D' D$ 4db 'd D4 D5 D< 4db 4d D& D17 D11 <db JJ D1' D1< 17db JJ AC" #1< (3uilding Code re=uirement for Structural Concrete) specifies minimum bend diameters for reinforcing bars. "t also defines (standard hoo+) to mean the following> 3ar SiFes a; b; c; A 1<7%deg bend plus an e*tension of at least 'd b but not less than 2 @ in. at the free end of the bar or A &7%deg bend plus an e*tension of at least 12d b at the free end of the bar or Gor stirrup and tie hoo+s onl! either a &7%deg bend plus 4db bend e*tension for D# D' D$ and 12db e*tension for D 4 D5 and D< or a 1#$%deg bend plus an e*tension of at least 4db at the free end of the bar. Gor closed ties defined as hoops in Chapter 21 of AC" #1< a 1#$%deg bend plus an e*tension of at least 4d b but not less than # inches are re=uired.

The standard hoo+s were developed such that the minimum re=uirements were met but at the same time recogniFing the need to allow for (spring bac+) in fabrication and maintaining a polic! of production fabrication pin siFe no smaller than the AST- A 41$ bend test pin siFe. Please see the attached Table the e*tra length of bar allowed for the hoo+ is designated as A or 1 and shown to the nearest inch for end hoo+s and to the nearest half inch for stirrup and tie hoo+s. Also see attached Auto Cad 1eneral .ote 2rawings. S%71 and S%72 for detailing of t!pical column%beam connections and other relevant details. 1.12 "n regions of high seismic ris+ all those areas of Pa+istan SPEC"A, where KO.E I # or above has been indicated b! relevant 2ETA",S GO6 governing agencies. 6einforced concrete members must SE"S-"C 2ES"1. satisf! AC" #1< relevant sections in order to provide a structural s!stem with ade=uate details to permit nonlinear response without critical loss of strength.

' of 2'

2. 2.1

CONCRETE L!IN !N" REINFORCE"

This section covers the manufacture forming transporting SCOPE placing stripping of forms finishing and curing of plain and reinforced concrete in the structures including concrete wor+ whether cast%in%situ or precast complete in strict accordance with the applicable 2rawings and specification herein. Concrete wor+ shall conform to all re=uirements of AC" #71% SPEC"G"CAT"O.S &4 (Specifications for Structural Concrete for 3uildings) e*cept as modified b! supplemental re=uirements below. The contractor shall submit for the approval of the Engineer before commencement of wor+ his method statement which would provide complete details have the procedure and e=uipment to be used for stationar! e*ecution of the wor+. The approval of such method statement shall not relieve the contractor of his responsibilit! under the contact. Concrete shall be composed of Portland cement water fine CO-POS"T"O. and coarse aggregate and an! admi*tures as and when A.2 80A,"T9 specified The concrete mi*tures will be designed b! the engineer who will determine the re=uired =ualit! of the concrete for the structures covered b! these specifications. The desired strengths of concrete for various parts of the proBect have been shown on the drawing.

2.2

2.#

2.'

Portland cement shall conform to the Standard specifications as provided here underL All cement shall be ordinar! Portland cement confirming to the re=uirements of AST- designation C1$7%5& standard specifications for Portland cement shall be of Pa+istan manufacture.

PO6T,A.2 CE-E.T

2.$

Aggregates for normal concrete shall conform to AST- A116E1ATES designation C##%5& concrete aggregates. Petrograph! :Phic; e*amination in accordance with AST- C 2&$%5& shall be performed to determine the suitabilit! of the aggregates for the intended use. The normal ma*imum siFe of the aggregate shall not be larger than one%fifth of the narrowest dimension of the finished wall or slab or larger than three%fourths of the minimum clear spacing between reinforcement steel and embedment. These limitations ma! be $ of 2'

waived if in the Budgment of the Engineer /or+abilit! of methods of consolidation is such that the concrete can be placed without hone!%comb or void. 2.4 The use of natural sand or a combination of natural and CO-POS"T"O. manufactured sands ma! be permitted provided that the fine aggregates meets the applicable re=uirements of the specifications here in for particular use intended coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel crushed gravel or a combination thereof. The concrete aggregates shall be obtained from deposits of SO06SE natural sand and gravel or shall produce crushed aggregate from approved deposits. 2uring construction aggregates will be sampled as delivered SA-P,".1 A.2 to the mi*er to determine compliance with specification TEST".1 provisions. The engineer will obtain and test samples of aggregate using appropriate standard test methods and ensure the production stoc+piling and handling of both fine and coarse aggregates in accordance with these specifications. Aggregates as delivered to the mi*er shall consist of clean P6OCESSE2 hard and uncoated particles. ,ightweight elements :chal+ A116E1ATES cla! coal; will be separated b! segregation under water b! vibration :vibro%floatation process;. /here re=uired fines shall be removed from the coarse aggregates b! ade=uate washing. The moisture content shall conform to the provisions of Clause 2.11. (-oisture Control). Compliance with the aggregate grading and uniformit! re=uirements will be determined at the mi*er. All aggregate shall be sieved and washed with clean water. The aggregates shall conform to the following specific re=uirements. The grading and uniformit! of fine aggregates as delivered to the mi*er shall conform to AST- C##%5' Standard as given below> Sieve 2esignation Percent 0.S. Standard S=uare mesh Passing #C< inch :&.$mm; 177 .o.' :'.5$mm; &$ to 177 .o.< :2.#4 mm; <7 to 177 .o.14 :1.1< um; $7 to <$ .o.#7 :477 um; 2$ to 47 .o.$7 :#77 um; 17 to #7 .o.177 :1$7 um; 2 to 17

2.5

2.<

2.&

2.&.1

4 of 2'

2.&.2

The grading of the coarse aggregates within the separated siFe COA6SE groups shall conform to the following re=uirements as A116E1ATE delivered to the mi*er> 0S STA.2A62 Sieve SiFe :.ominal SiFe; Amount finer than each lab sieve :s=uare opening; weight percent M inch to 1&.7 to mm #> inch :5$ mm; 2 @ inches :4# mm; 2 inch :$7 mm; 1 @ inches :#5.$ mm; 1 inch :2$.7 mm; M inch :1&.7 mm; #C< inch :&.$ mm; .o. ' :'.5$ mm; .o. < :2.#4 mm; %% %% %% %% 177 &7 27 7 7 '.5$ mm %% %% %% %% to to to to 177 $$ 17 $

2.&.#

The shape of the particles in fine and coarse aggregates shall PA6T"C,E generall! be spherical or cubical. The =uantit! of flat and elongated coarse aggregate as defined and determined b! standard tests shall not e*ceed 1$ percent b! weight in an! siFe group. A flat particle is one having a ratio of width thic+ness greater than three. An elongated particle is one having a ratio length to width greater than three. "t shall be ensured that effective elimination of soft particles SOGT PA6T"C,ES from all aggregates to the degree that the percentage of soft particles present in the processed coarse aggregate shall not e*ceed # percent b! weight. "n order to minimiFe variations in consistenc! and 0."GO6-"T9 OG wor+abilit! of the concrete the uniformit! of proportions of COA6SE crushed gravel to natural gravel to natural gravel in an! one A116E1ATE siFe group of coarse aggregate shall be maintained relativel! constant and in no event e*ceed a variation of $ per cent plus or minus in either component of a combination of crushed and natural gravel in an! 2' hours period of concreting machine operation e*cept .o. M to .o. ' group for which a variation larger than plus or minus $ per cent will be permitted.

2.&.'

2.&.$

5 of 2'

2.&.4

Gine Aggregate> The ma*imum percentages of 2E,ETE6"O0S deleterious substances in the fine aggregate as delivered to the mi*er shall not e*ceed the AST- C ##%5& Standards. Aggregate shall be stored at the site in such a manner as to STO6A1E prevent its deterioration or the inclusion of foreign matter. Aggregate which has deteriorated or which has been contaminated shall not be used for concrete. All methods emplo!ed for unloading loading handling and stoc+piling aggregates shall be subBect at all times to the approval. Sufficient aggregate shall be maintained at the site at all times to assure continuous placement and completion of an! lift of concrete started. All fine aggregate and smallest siFe group of the coarse -O"ST06E aggregate shall remain in free draining storage at the site for CO.T6O, at least 52 hours immediatel! prior to use. The free moisture content of the fine aggregate and of the smallest siFe group of coarse aggregate as delivered to the mi*er shall be controlled so as not to e*ceed '.7 and 1.7 respectivel! e*pressed at percent b! weight of the saturated surface dr! aggregate unless higher limits are allowed. The moisture content of the other siFes of the coarse aggregate shall be controlled so that the aggregates are delivered to the mi*ers with the least amount of free moisture in aggregates the moisture content shall be controlled so that for each siFe the variation in percent of free moisture will not be more than 7.$ percent during an! one hour of mi*ing machine operation and not more than 2.7 percent during an! < hour period of mi*ing plant operation. 0nder no conditions shall be aggregate be delivered to the mi*ing plant being dripping wet. /ater for washing aggregates and for mi*ing and curing /ATE6 concrete shall be clean and free from inBurious amounts of oil acid al+ali salt organic matter or other deleterious substances. "t shall meet the following chemical re=uirements> Chlorides such as sodium chloride ma*. #777 ppm Sulphate such as sodium sulphate ma*. 2777 ppm "mpurities ma*. 2 gmClitre -elted salt ma*. 1$ gmClitre The water for curing concrete should not have pH value lower than $ and shall not contain impurities which cause discoloration of concrete.

2.17

2.11

2.12

< of 2'

2.1#

To control the =ualit! of concrete at site the tests specified P6OPO6T"O.".1 herein shall be followed and in no wa! reduce the OG strength or =ualit! re=uired in design or specified on CO.C6ETE drawings. The cement content of concrete for various parts of the CE-E.T structure shall be established b! trial mi*es depending CO.TE.T on the structural re=uirement water cement ratio siFe t!pe and gradation of aggregate used. As a general guideline the cement content for various parts of structure will range from an appro*imate minimum of 12 bags to an appro*imate ma*imum of 22.$ bags weighing $7 +ilos each per 2.<# Cu. -eters :177 cft.; of Cement Concrete. "f Gle*ural strength rather than compressive strength is a governing factor tests should be made to determine the relationship between water%cement ratio and fle*ural strength. An appro*imate relationship between and compressive strength is> fcN O 6 2 E "n which fcNO compressive strength in pound per s=uare inch. 6O Gle*ural strength :modulus of rupture; in pounds per s=uare inch EO a constant usuall! between < and 17 /hen e*posure conditions and strength must be considered the lower of the two indicated water%cement ratios should be used. :See Table .o. 2 and Table .o. # on ne*t pages &a P &b;

2.1#.1

2.1#.2

Concrete mi*es shall be designed to use the largest siFe and A116E1ATE ma*imum amount of coarse aggregate practicable in CO.TE.T accordance with Clause 2.$ of these Specifications. "n general design mi* will provide for water cement ratios /ATE6 CE-E.T b! weight which will be determined on the basis of 6AT"O. producing concrete having suitable wor+abilit! densit! impermeabilit! durabilit! and the re=uired strength without the use of e*cessive amounts of cement. The amount of water used in concrete will be regulated to CO.S"STE.C9 secure concrete of proper consistenc!. An! variation in either or both the moisture content or grading of the

2.1'

2.1'.1

& of 2'

aggregates as the! enter the mi*er. Addition of water to compensate for stiffening of the concrete before placing will not be permitted. 0niformit! in concrete consistenc! from batch to batch will be re=uired. 2.1$. Concrete for the several structures and parts thereof shall CO.C6ETE have compressive strengths at least e=ual to the ST6E.1TH minimum allowable strengths shown in the following table e*cept as otherwise shown on the 2rawings> ,ocation 2<%da! Compressive JJJJJJJ c!linder strength Slab columns beams And other structures 3linding la!er 2.14 27.5 .Cmm2 :#777 psi; 1#.< .Cmm2 :2777 psi;

"n general the slump of the concrete after concrete has been S,0-P deposited but before it has been consolidated shall not e*ceed the values specified below for the structures andCor parts thereof. The slump will be determined in accordance with AST- 2esignation C1'#%5& Standard -ethod of Test for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete. The Slump test is generall! used as a measure of the consistenc! of concrete. /hen used with different batches of the same mi*tures changes in slump indicate changes in material mi* proportion or water content. To avoid mi*tures too stiff or too wet slumps should be with in the limits given in the following tables. T!pes of constructions 6einforced foundation walls and footings. 0n%reinforced footings caissons and substructure walls 6einforced slab beams and walls. 3uilding columns Slump :inches; -i*. -in. ' 2

# $ $

1 2 #

17 of 2'

.ote> /hen high%fre=uenc! vibrators are used the value ma! be increased b! about $7Q but in no case should the slump e*ceed 4 inches.

2.15

The strength test of concrete placed during the course of the TEST OG wor+ for satisfactor! construction re=uires the use of CO.C6ETE concrete possessing specific properties. To insure these properties are obtained testing is an indispensable part of the specifications. These all tests should be satisf!ing the relevant AST- CO2E. The strength tests of the concrete placed during the course of ST6E.1TH TEST the wor+ shall be made b! obtaining for control 206".1 THE purposes number of c!linders but in general three sets /O6E of three c!linders andCor three sets of three beams ta+en from each 17 cubic meters or fraction thereof or from each da!Ns pour whichever is less of each class of concrete placed. Test specimens will be made and cured in accordance with the applicable re=uirements of AST- 2esignation C#1%5& Standard -ethod of -a+ing and Curing Concrete Compressive and Gle*ural Test Specimens in the Gield. C!linders and beams will be tested in accordance with the applicable re=uirements of AST- 2esignation C#&%5& Standard -ethod of Test for Compressive Strength of C!lindrical Concrete Specimens and AST- 2esignation C5<%5& Standard -ethod of Test for Gle*ural Strength of Concrete :using simple beam with Third Point ,oading;. The test result will be based on the average of the strength of the test specimens e*cept that if one specimen in a set of three shows manifests evidence of improper sampling moulding or testing the test result will be based on the average of the remaining two specimens. "f two specimens in set of three shown such defects the results of the set will be discarded and average strength determined from test results of the other two sets. The standard age of test will be 2< da!s but 5 da!s tests ma! be used at the discretion of the Engineer based on the relation between the 5 da! and 2< da! strengths of the concrete as established b! tests for the materials and proportions used. "f the average of the strength tests of the specimens cured under laborator! controls for an! portion of the wor+ falls below the minimum allowable compressive or fle*ural strength at 2< da!s re=uired for the class of concrete used in that portion the Engineer ma! change the proportions of the constituents of the concrete as necessar! to secure the re=uired strength for the remaining portions of the wor+. "f the average 11 of 2'

2.15.1

strength of the specimens cured under actual field conditions as specified herein before falls below the minimum allowable strength the Engineer will ma+e such changes in the conditions for temperature and moisture under which the concrete wor+ is being placed and cured as ma! be necessar! to secure that re=uired strength. 2.15.2. /here the results of the strength tests of control specimens indicate that the concrete as placed does not meet specifications re=uirements or where there is other evidence that the =ualit! of the concrete is below specifications re=uirements core%boring tests will be made in accordance with the applicable re=uirements of obtaining and Testing 2rilled Cores and Sawed 3eams of Concrete. "f the concrete in the structure will be more than superficiall! wet under service conditions the cores shall be immersed in water for at least '< hours and tested wet. "n the event that the core%boring test indicates that the concrete placed does not confirm to the 2rawings and specifications measures shall be ta+en to correct the deficienc!. TESTS OG HA62E.E2 CO.C6ETE ". O6 6E-OAE2 G6OTHE ST60CT06E

2.1<

Concrete -i*ing -achine shall produce all concrete. CO.C6ETE Hand%mi*ed concrete shall not be used the use of concrete -"R".1 A.2 mi*ed in small portable mechanical mi*ers for specific 2E,"AE69 purposes ma! be allowed. The batched materials shall be thoroughl! combined into a uniform mi*ture before the addition of water. The water shall be added graduall! and the mi*er operated for ade=uate length of time so as to obtain a thoroughl! mi*ed concrete of uniform color and =ualit!. All material shall be batched b! volume. The volume 3ATCH".1 measuring bo* shall be so constructed and arranged that se=uence and timing of batcher discharge chute can be controlled to produce a rib boning and mi*ing of the aggregates and of the cement with the aggregate as the material pass through the hopper into mi*er. The concrete shall be received in following limits of accurac!. Ma#eria$ Cement ercen# 1Q

2.1<.1

12 of 2'

/ater Aggregate smaller than M) :1<.5$ mm; 2.1<.2

2Q 2Q

Ade=uate cooling facilities shall be provided to ensure that COO,".1 the temperature of concrete when discharged from the mi*er is sufficientl! low to meet the temperature re=uirements as specified in Clause 2.27.# Cool mi*ing water ice pre%cooled aggregated or an! other arrangement ma! be used to accomplish the pre%cooling of the concrete. Ade=uate facilities shall be provided for the accurate AO,0-E measurement and control of each of the materials -EAS06E-E.T entering each batch of concrete. The accurac! of the volume measurement bo*es shall conform to the re=uirements of applicable standards selected. The material measurement bo*es shall be arranged so that the Concrete -i*ing -achine Operator and Engineer can observe the counting of number of bo*es dumped into the hopper. A suitable water%measuring device which will be capable of /ATE6 measuring water within the specified re=uirements for 3ATCHE6 each batch shall be provided. The mechanism for delivering water to the mi*er shall be such that no lea+age will occur. The Contractor shall provide suitable mi*ers. Each mi*er -"RE6S shall be capable of combining the materials into a uniform mi*ture and of discharging this mi*ture without segregation. The mi*ers shall be maintained in satisfactor! operating condition and mi*er hardened concrete. -i*er blades shall be replaced when worn down more than 17 percent of their depth. The mi*ing periods specified below are predicted on proper -"R".1 T"-E control of the speed of rotation of the mi*er and of the proper introduction of the materials into the mi*er. The mi*ing time will be increased when such increases is necessar! to secure the re=uired uniformit! and consistenc! of the concrete. The mi*ing time for each batch after solid materials are in the mi*er drum provided that all the mi*ing water is introduced before

2.1<.#

2.1<.'

2.1<.$

2.1<.4

1# of 2'

one%fourth of the mi*ing time has elapsed shall be as follows> Ca%aci#& of Mi'er 7.2$ to 1.$2 cubic meters 1.$# to 2.2< cubic metres 2.1& Mi'in( Time 1 @ minutes 2 minutes

Concrete shall be conve!ed from mi*er to the place of final CO.AE9".1 deposit as rapidl! as practicable b! methods which will prevent segregation or loss of ingredients. An! wet batch hopper through which the concrete passes shall be conical in shape. There shall be no vertical drop greater than # feet e*cept where suitable e=uipment is provided to prevent segregation and where specificall! authoriFed. .o concrete shall be placed until all form wor+ P,AC".1 reinforcement installation of parts to be embedded bracing of forms and preparation of surfaces involved in the placing and the method of placement have been approved. 3efore concrete is placed all surfaces upon or against which concrete is to be placed shall be free from standing water mud debris or loose material. All surfaces of forms and embedded material that have become encrusted with dried mortar or grout from concrete previousl! placed shall be cleaned of all such mortar or grout before the surrounding or adBacent concrete is placed. The surfaces of absorptive materials against or upon which concrete is to be placed shall be moistened thoroughl! so that the moisture will not be drawn from the freshl! placed concrete. Concrete shall be wor+ed into the corners and angles of the forms and around all reinforcement and embedded items without permitting the material to segregate. Concrete shall be deposited as close as possible to its final position in the forms. The depositing of concrete shall be regulated so that the concrete ma! be effectivel! compacted with a minimum of lateral movement into horiFontal la!ers appro*imatel! half meter in thic+ness. CO.ST60CT"O. SO". The surfaces of construction Boints shall be +ept continuousl! wet for at least eighteen hours during the twent!%four hours period prior to placing concrete. All free water shall be removed and the construction Boint shall be

2.27

2.27.1

1' of 2'

completel! surface dr! prior to placement of concrete. All concrete placing e=uipment and methods shall be subBect to approval. Concrete placement will not be permitted when weather conditions prevent proper placement and consolidation. 2.27.2. Concrete mi*ed in stationar! mi*ers and transported b! non% agitating e=uipment shall be placed within thirt! minutes after it has been mi*ed unless otherwise authoriFed. The concrete shall be placed within #7 minutes after it has been discharged. T"-E ".TE6AA, 3ET/EE. -"R".1 A.2 P,AC".1

2.27.#.

Placing temperatures shall conform to the re=uirements P,AC".1 herein specified for thin sections moderate sections and TE-PE6AT06E mass concrete. Concrete shall be placed at temperature as follows> TH". SECT"O.S 2.27.#.1 Thin Sections> Concrete for this section shall be delivered to the forms at the coolest temperature which is practicable to produce under current conditions but in on case at a temperature in e*cess of #2oC. E*cept as otherwise determined b! the Engineer sections to which this provision shall appl! will be considered to be sections si*t! centimeters or less in thic+ness. Concrete shall be installed in lifts of depths as shown on the ,"GTS ". 2rawings. The placement of concrete shall be carried on CO.C6ETE at such a rate and in such a manner that formation of cold Boints is prevented. Slabs shall be placed in one lifts unless otherwise authoriFed or directed. "n walls lifts shall terminate at such levels as will conform to structural details. /here slabs and beams are placed continuousl! with walls and columns the concrete in walls and columns shall have been in place for at least two hours or for al longer period when directed b! the Engineer before placing concrete in the slabs and beams. The top surface of verticall! formed lifts shall be generall! level. The concrete in columns shall be placed in on continues operation unless otherwise authoriFed. E*cept as otherwise approved on the basis of lift drawings submitted b! the Contractor a minimum of 52 hours shall elapse between the placing of successive lifts of walls and thin section. Thin section has been defined in Sub%clause 2.27.#.1. E,APSE2 T"-E 3ET/EE. P,ACE-E.T OG ,"GTS

2.27.'.

2.27.$

1$ of 2'

2.27.4.

2.27.5

The time between adBacent pours shall be defined as the time elapsing from the end of the stri+ing off of one pour to the start of placing the ne*t pure. The minimum time elapsing between adBacent pours shall be five da!s for all such concrete. 3loc+ outs for e=uipment and fittings and for such other wor+s as indicated or directed shall be provided as indicated on the 2rawings. After the said e=uipment and fittings have been installed and adBusted in their final location the bloc+ out recesses shall be filled with concrete. 3efore installing the components to be embedded in bloc+ out concrete and before depositing an! bloc+ out concrete the concrete surfaces of the bloc+ out shall be cleaned in the manner specified for cleaning construction Boints. "n placing concrete through reinforcement care shall be ta+en that no segregation of the coarse aggregate occurs. One the bottom of beams and slabs where the congestion of steel near the forms ma+es placing difficult a la!er of mortar of a composition compatible with the re=uired concrete strength as directed shall be first deposited to cover the surface to a depth of appro*imatel! 27mm :#C' inch;.

T"-E 3ET/EE. A2SACE.T PO06S CO.C6ETE GO6 3,OCEO0TS

2.27.<.

P,AC".1 CO.C6ETE TH6O01H 6E".GO6CE-E.T

2.27.&

Concrete shall be compacted with mechanical vibrating A"36AT"O. e=uipment supplemented b! handspading and tamping. CO.C6ETE "n no case shall vibrators be used to transport concrete inside the forms. The vibrating e=uipment shall be of the emersion t!pe and shall at all times be ade=uate in number of units and power of each unit to properl! consolidate all concrete. Gorm or surface vibrations shall not be used unless specificall! approved. The intensit! :amplitude; of vibration shall be sufficient :fre=uenc! not less than < 777 impulses per minute; to produce satisfactor! consolidation. The duration of vibration shall be limited to that necessar! to produce satisfactor! consolidation. E*cessive surface wor+ing will not be permitted. Gorms shall be true to line and grade mortar tight and GO6-S sufficientl! rigid to prevent obBectionable deformation under load. /here forms for continuous surfaces are placed in successive units care shall be ta+en to fit the forms over the completed surfaces so as to obtain

OG

2.21

14 of 2'

accurate alignment of the surface and to prevent lea+age of mortar. The t!pe shape siFe =ualit! and strength of all materials of which the forms are made shall be subBected to specific approval. 3olts and rods used for internal ties shall be so arranged that when the forms are removed metal will not be less than $7 mm awa! from an! concrete surface. /ire ties will not be permitted where the concrete surface will be e*posed to weathering and where discoloration will be obBectionable. Suitable openings as re=uired shall be provided in the formwor+ for the passage of piping ducts channels etc. All forms shall be so constructed that the! can be removed without damaging the concrete. All e*posed Boints edges and e*ternal corners shall be chamfered 1<mm at '$ degrees e*cept as otherwise shown. "nternal corners shall be filleted where indicated or re=uired.

2.21.1

Shortl! before the concrete is placed forms for e*posed COAT".1 surfaces shall be coated with approved no staining form oil which shall not interfere with the set of the concrete nor be otherwise deleterious. After oiling surplus oil on the form surfaces and an! oil on the reinforcing steel or other surfaces re=uiring bond with the concrete shall be removed to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Gorms of une*posed surfaces ma! be thoroughl! wetted in lieu of oiling immediatel! before the placing of concrete. Gorms shall be removed with care so as to avoid inBur! to the 6E-OAA, concrete. Gorms shall be removed as soon as practicable +eeping in view the minimum time re=uirements to avoid dela! in water curing and to enable earliest practicable repair of surface imperfections. Gorms shall not be removed before the e*piration of the minimum time indicated below e*cept as otherwise directed or specificall! authoriFed b! the Engineer> 3eams and Slabs Columns :and walls; Concrete 1' da!s #4 hours 2' hours

2.21.2.

2.21.#

Permissible surface irregularities for the various classes of TO,E6A.CES concrete surface finish are defined as finishes and are to GO6 CO.C6ETE 15 of 2'

be distinguished from tolerances as described herein. "n CO.ST60CT"O. general the permissible construction tolerances for reinforced concrete shall conform to the re=uirements of the following Tables as applicable. .otations on the 2rawings of specific ma*imum or minimum tolerances in connection with an! dimension shall be considered as supplemental to the tolerances specified herein and shall control. Concrete wor+ that e*ceeds the tolerance limits specified herein shall be remedied or removed and replaced. 2.21.'. Aariation from plumb> A. "n the lines and surfaces of columns piers walls and in arrises. "n an! #.7$ meter of length. -a*imum for the entire length. 3. 4 mm 1& mm AA6"AT"O. G6O- P,0-3

Gor e*posed corner columns control Boint grooves and other conspicuous lines> "n an! 4.1 m of length. 4 mm -a*imum for the entire length. 1# mm

2.21.$

Aariation from the level or from the grades specified in the contract drawing> A. "n slab soffits ceilings beam soffits and in arrises measured before removal of supporting shores> "n an! #.7$ m of length. "n an! ba! or in an! 4.1 m of length. -a*imum for the entire length. 3. 4 mm 17 mm 1& mm

"n e*posed lintels sills parapets horiFontal grooves and other conspicuous lines> "n an! ba! or in 4.1 m of length. -a*imum for the entire length. 4 mm 1# mm

2.21.4.

Aariation of the linear building lines from established position in plan and related position of columns walls and partitions> "n an! ba!. "n an! 4.1 m of. 1# mm 1# mm

1< of 2'

-a*imum for the entire length. 2.21.5.

2$ mm

Aariation in the siFes and location of sleeves floor openings and wall openings> 4 mm Aariation in cross%sectional dimensions of columns and beams and in the thic+ness of stabs and walls> -inus. 4 mm Plus. 1# mm Gootings> A. Aariations in dimensions in plan> -inus. 1# mm Plus. $1 mm 3. -isplacement or eccentricit!> 2 per cent of the footing width in the direction of misplacement but not more than .. $1 mm C. Thic+ness> ... $ percent

2.21.<.

2.21.&.

2.21.17

2ecrease in specified thic+ness Aariation in steps> A. "n a flight of stairs> 6ise. Tread. 3. "n consecutive steps> 6ise. Tread.

#.2 mm 4 mm

1.4 mm #.2 mm

2.22

Concrete that is damaged from an! cause concrete that is 6EPA"6 OG hone!combed fractured or other defective and concrete CO.C6ETE which because of e*cessive surface depressions must be e*cavated and built up to bring the surface to the prescribed lines shall be removed and replaced with dr! pac+ mortar or concrete as hereinafter specified. 6epair of concrete shall be performed onl! b! s+illed wor+men and within 2' hours of removal of forms. The contractor shall +eep the Engineer advised as to when repair of concrete will be performed. 0nless inspection is waived in each specific case repair of concrete shall be performed onl! in the presence of the Engineer. 6epairs

1& of 2'

shall be made in accordance with procedures approved b! the Engineer. 2.22.1. All materials used in the repair of concrete shall conform to -ATE6"A,S the applicable re=uirements of the specifications stated in previous clauses. /here bulges and abrupt irregularities protrude outside the P6OT60S"O.S specified limits on formed surfaces not to be concealed permanentl!L the protrusions shall be reduced b! bush% hammering and grinding so that the surfaces are within the specified limits. 2r! pac+ mortar fillings shall be used for filling holes having 269 PACE a depth nearl! e=ual to or greater than the least surface -O6TA6 dimension for narrow slots cut for repair of crac+s for G",,".1 grout pipe recesses as specified. 2r! pac+ mortar shall not be used for filling behind reinforcement of filling holes that e*tend completel! through a concrete section. "f removal of the ends of form ties results in recesses the recesses shall be filled with dr! pac+ mortar provided filling of recesses in surfaces upon or against which fill material or concrete is to be placed will be re=uired onl! where the recesses are deeper than 2$mm in walls less than #7$ mm thic+. The Contractor shall correct all imperfections on the concrete S06GACE surfaces as necessar! to produce surface that conform to G"."SHES OG the re=uirements specified. 0nless otherwise approved PATCHE2 A6EAS repair of imperfections in formed concrete shall be completed within 2' hours after removal of forms. Gins and encrustations shall be neatl! removed from surfaces. Allowable deviations from plumb or level and from the G"."SHES A.2 alignment profile grades and dimensions shown on the G"."SH".1 2rawings specified in clause 2.21.#. (Tolerances for Concrete Construction.) are defined as tolerances and are to be distinguished from irregularities in finish. The classes of finish and the re=uirements for finishing of concrete surfaces shall be as generall! specified in this clause and as indicated on the 2rawings. The classes of finish for concrete surfaces shall be as shown G"."SHES on the 2rawings or as directed b! the Engineer. "nterior surfaces shall be sloped for drainage where shown on the

2.22.2.

2.22.#.

2.22.'.

2.2#

2.2#.1.

27 of 2'

2rawings or directed. Surfaces which will be e*posed to the weather and which would normall! be level shall be sloped for drainage. 0nless the use of other slopes or level surfaces is indicated on the 2rawings or directed narrow surfaces such as tops of walls shall be sloped appro*imatel! 17 mm per #.7$ cm. .o grinding will be re=uired on such formed surfaces other than the necessar! for repair of surface imperfections as specified herein. 2.2#.2. Ordinar! finish :OG; applies to surfaces upon or against O62".A69 which fill material or concrete is to be placed. "f G"."SH unformed the finishing operations shall consist of sufficient leveling and screening to produce even uniform surfaces. /hen formed the surfaces re=uire no treatment after form removal e*cept for repair of defective concrete and filling of holes left b! the removal of fasteners from the end of the tie%rods. 6ough concrete finish :6C; applies to surfaces which are intended to receive ceramic tiles metallic lining or other applications. Gair concrete finish :GG; applies to formed surfaces the appearance of which is considered to be of special importance such as surfaces of structures prominentl! e*posed to public inspection. 6O01H CO.C6ETE G"."SH. GA"6 CO.C6ETE G"."SH

2.2#.#. 2.2#.'.

2.2#.$.

Ordinar! slab finish :OS; applies to floor surfaces which are O62".A69 S,A3 intended to receive ceramic or thermoplastic tiles and G"."SH other floor coverings or without an! coverings. All concrete shall be cured b! an approved method or C06".1 combination of methods. The curing medium shall be applied so as to prevent loss of moisture from the concrete. Concrete shall be protected from heav! rains for 2' hours and direct ra!s of the sun for 1' da!s. All concrete shall be ade=uatel! protected from damage. .o fire or e*cessive heat shall be permitted near or in direct contact with concrete at an! time. Concrete shall be moist%cured b! maintaining all surfaces -O"ST C06".1 continuousl! :not periodicall!; wet for at least 2< da!s immediatel! following the placing or until covered with fresh concrete. Curing water shall be removed without allowing stagnant pools of water to form on the e*posed lift surface. /ater for curing shall compl! with the

2.2'

2.2'.1.

21 of 2'

applicable re=uirements. Surfaces of concrete which are to be permanentl! e*posed shall be cleaned if water is used which stains the surfaces during curing. Ginished horiFontal surfaces curing with sand shall be covered with a minimum uniform thic+ness of $ mm of sand which shall be +ept consciousl! saturated. The following e*ceptions to the re=uirements for moist curing are permitted. -oist curing of surfaces against which bac+fill is to be placed within 2' hours of concrete placement will not be re=uired.

22 of 2'

).
#.1

STR*CT*R!L STEEL (MIL" STEEL !+),)

This Section covers general re=uirements for structural steel SCOPE wor+ fabrication methods and precautions for erection of steel structures and other miscellaneous general re=uirements incidental to steel wor+. This Section also covers furnishing fabricating and installing and painting metal not otherwise specified under other Sections of the Specifications. The applicable re=uirements of this Section shall appl! to all 1E.E6A, Structural Steel /or+ under this specification. Structural steel shall conform to the re=uirement of AST- ST60CT06A, 2esignations A%#4%5' (Specifications for Structural Steel) STEE, the different shapes of angles and their dimensions are provided in -SC -anvel but for reference a t!pical detail provide in Table '. E*cept as otherwise shown on the 2rawings or specified SHEET STEE, herein sheet steel shall conform to the re=uirements of either AST- 2esignation A #44%52 (Specifications for cold rolled carbon steel sheets) commercial =ualit! or to A $4&%52 specification for hot rolled carbon steel sheets and strip commercial =ualit! where no welding is re=uired but onl! to the latter specification where welding is re=uired. E*cept as otherwise shown on the 2rawings welding rod /E,2".1 6O2 shall conform to the following re=uirements. /elding rod for manual welding of structural carbon steels ST60CT06A, E%47 or E%57 series electrodes shall be used. Gor High% /E,2".1 6O2 strength low allo! steels E%57 series ,ow H!drogen Electrodes shall be used. E*cept as otherwise indicated on the 2rawings or specified 3O,TS .0TS A.2 herein bolts and nuts shall conform the re=uirements of /ASHE6S AST- 2esignation A #75%5' (Standard Specifications for Carbon Steel) E*ternall! and "nternall! Threaded Standard Gasteners. 3olts shall be 1rade A for general application with s=uare or he*agon heads. .uts shall be of similar material finish class of fit and thread series as their companion bolts and shall be washer%faced e*cept as otherwise indicated or specified. Anchor bolts shall be of diameter as shown hoo+ed or e!ed as re=uired and provided with sleeve nuts and double nuts as shown. Screw anchor devices for setting in concrete to permit withdrawal of anchor bolts after concrete have set.

#.2. #.#.

#.#.1.

#.' #.'.1

#.$.

2# of 2'

#.4

The angles channels or girders being used shall conform to GA36"CAT".1 the above mentioned specifications. All sections to be used in fabrication shall be of correct cut%lengths not to produce an! e*tra tension in the members due to shortening or increase in cut%lengths more than e*actl! re=uired. All structural steel members shall be painted with an! A.T"%CO66OS"O. anti%rustCcorrosion paint or lead%o*ide. PA".T The wor+ covered b! this Clause includes furnishing and -"SCE,,A.EO0S installing miscellaneous structural steel wor+ including -ETA, the following> 1. 2. #. '. $. Steel stairs Steel ladders Gi*ed or removable railing Embedded steel anchorsCfasteners. -iscellaneous wor+ re=uired in

#.5 #.<

#.&

structural steel. Structural steel trusses stairs door frames and windows etc STEE, T60SSES complete with stringers grating treads and landings STA"6S 2OO6 structural steel supports handrail supports and other G6A-ES A.2 fastenings shall be furnished and installed in accordance /".2O/S ETC with the details siFes and dimensions and at the locations shown on the 2rawings. All material for steel trusses stairs door frames and windows -ATE6"A, etc e*cept as otherwise shown shall be steel conforming to AST- 2esignation A#4%5' (Specifications for Structural Steel). All Steel fabrications shall be in a first class wor+manli+e ".STA,,AT"O. manner. The units shall be shop assembled and fabricated in sub%assemblies for convenient installation. Gield connections shall be made as indicated on the 2rawings. The embedded metalwor+ to be furnished and installed under E-3E22E2 this Clause shall include anchor bolts anchor bars and -ETA,/O6E other metal wor+ re=uired for installation. The embedded metal wor+ shall be of materials and standards specified on the 2rawings. 3efore placing concrete care shall be ta+en to determine that all embedded items are firml! and securel! fastened.

#.&.1

#.&.2

#.17

2' of 2'