What should be done about the problem of Mexican illegal immigrants in the United States?

A Deliberation Log

Tara Beckman Allie !ersinger "aroline Mason #mil$ %udman "ameron Wiggin

"ommunication &'() %easoning and "ommunication Dr* Waggoner +all &((,

Issues -* To .hat extent do Mexican illegal immigrants affect the U*S* econom$? &* To .hat extent do Mexican illegal immigrants affect the U*S* communities? /* To .hat extent .ill the ne. border sol0e the problem of current and future Mexican 1llegal 1mmigrants that enter the U*S*? 2* To .hat extent .ould legali3ation of all current Mexican illegal immigrants in the U*S* sol0e the problem? Commonplaces -* Mexican illegal immigration is an issue that needs to be addressed* &* 1t is difficult to become a U*S* citi3en in toda$4s societ$* /* Mexican illegal immigration affects the U*S* econom$* 2* Mexican illegal immigration affects the U*S* communities* 5* The current polic$ on ho. the U*S* handles illegal immigrants is not .orking* ,* 1n the past and present people migrate to America because it is seen as the 6land of opportunit$*7 8* 9n September /( &((, the United States Senate appro0ed the construction of 8(( mile double:la$ered fence on the U*S*:Mexico border for ;-*& billion*

Terms Alien) An$ person .ho is not a citi3en or national of the United States of America< foreigner =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* Border "rosser) A border crosser is a foreign resident .ho reenters the United States after being not present for less than six months in Mexico* 1t also refers to a nonresident alien .ho reenters the United States 0ia the Mexican boarder for sta$s that are less than 8& hours =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>*

"iti3enship) ?ormall$ citi3enship describes the countr$ that a person is born in* @o.e0er a person can change citi3enship in a process called naturali3ation =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* "on0iction) The process of a formal Audgment of guilt entered b$ a court of competent Aurisdiction =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* "o$ote) a smuggler .ho brings illegal immigrants into the United States =Dictionar$ b$ Labor La. Talk &((,>* Deportation) Deportation is the legal act of remo0ing an alien from the United States after heBshe has been found remo0able for infringing the immigration la.s* Deportation is ordered b$ an immigration Audge .ithout an$ kind of punishment =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* Deportable Alien) A deportable alien is an$bod$ .ho entered the United States illegall$ or legall$ but breached the terms of hisBher classification or status later on =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* #mplo$er Sanctions) U*S* emplo$ers .ho hire illegal immigrants are subAect to ci0il fines or criminal penalties if a pattern of 0iolations is found =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* Creen "ard) 9fficiall$ kno.n as a !ermanent %esident "ard =+orm 1:-5- or +orm i:55-> is e0idence of la.ful permanent resident status in the United States* 1t allo.s a foreign national to li0e .ork legall$ tra0el abroad and return to the United States* Creen "ard holders ma$ also appl$ for U*S* citi3enship after a certain period of time =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* 1llegal Alien) An Dillegal alienD is a foreigner .ho =-> does not o.e allegiance to our countr$< and =&> .ho has 0iolated our la.s and customs in establishing residence in our countr$* @e or she is therefore a criminal under applicable U*S* la.s* The term Dillegal alienD is used b$ U*S* citi3ens .ho belie0e that non:citi3ens entering our countr$ must compl$ .ith our immigration la.s* The term Dillegal alienD is predicated upon U*S* immigration la. .hich reEuires foreigners entering the U*S* to compl$ .ith our countr$Fs rules and la.s regarding entr$ into and residence .ithin our countr$ =Ad0ersit$*net &((,>* 1llegal immigrant) a person .ho either enters a countr$ illegall$ or .ho enters legall$ but subseEuentl$ 0iolates the terms of their 0isa permanent resident permit =green card> or refugee permit =Dictionar$ b$ Labor La. Talk &((,>* Migrant) A migrant is an indi0idual .ho departs hisBher countr$ to li0e in another countr$ =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* ?aturali3ation) The besto.ment of citi3enship upon a person .hen heBshe is born =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>*

?orth American +ree Trade Agreement) =?A+TA> treat$ that .ould create a /,5:million: member common market in ?orth America b$ dropping trade barriers bet.een "anada Mexico and the U*S*< signed b$ U*S* !resident Ceorge Bush "anadian !rime Minister Brian Mulrone$ and Mexican !resident "arol Salinas de Cotari on Dec* -8 -GG& each in his o.n capital =?orth American +ree Trade Agreement>* 90ersta$) A 0isitor .ho has exceed the sta$ in the U*S* after the date indicated on the Arri0al: Departure %ecord =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* !ort of #ntr$) An$ location in the United States or its territories .here foreigners and U*S* citi3ens alike can enter the United States such as airports and border crossings =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* !ermanent %esident) An$ person .ho is not a citi3en of the United States and .ho li0es in the U*S* under la.full$ recogni3ed and legall$ recorded permanent residence as an immigrant =United States 1mmigration Support &((,>* Undocumented 1mmigrant) An Dundocumented immigrantD is the same as an Dillegal alienD and is a criminal under applicable U*S* la.s* Most U*S* citi3ens do not use the term Dundocumented immigrantD and prefer instead the more descripti0e and accurate term Dillegal alienD* The term Dundocumented immigrantD is used b$ those .ho belie0e in Dopen bordersD i*e* non:regulation of foreigners entering into and assuming residence in the U*S* including e0en those foreigners .ho o.e allegiance to a foreign go0ernment andBor .ho ma$ intend harm to the U*S* =Ad0ersit$*net &((,>* Undocumented .orker) legal residents and e0en citi3ens .ith defecti0e papers .ho do or do not intend to sta$ in the countr$ =Dictionar$ b$ Labor La. Talk &((,>*

Central Claims with Support Claim 1: Mexican illegal immigrants positively affect the U.S. economy. -a* 1llegal immigrants ha0e little impact on unemplo$ment rates* The immigrants do not take Aobs that .ould other.ise go to legal .orkers* 1f there .ere no illegal immigrants in our countr$ there .ould be a lack of .orkers for lo. pa$ing Aobs such as crop picking dish .ashing meat packing and maid ser0ices* An o0erpo.ering maAorit$ of these Aobs are taken b$ illegal immigrants* 1f there .ere a lack of these illegal .orkers companies .ould more than likel$ in0est in ne. technologies replacing .orkers .ith automation =Da0idson &((,>* 1n addition agribusiness and hospitalit$ firms .ould almost certainl$ persuade "ongress to allo. temporar$ .orkers to come north =#dmondson -GG,>* -b* 9ur econom$ is able to flourish .hen companies lo.er .ages* Because these companies emplo$ cheap labor companies are able to pass their profit onto their stockholders* %estaurant prices are pushed do.n b$ illegal labor in kitchens fruit and 0egetable prices b$

illegal field hands and ne.:home prices b$ illegal dr$.allers =Steirfeld &((,>* This extra mone$ can be used to pa$ their American citi3en .orkers more as .ell as spending more mone$ on other expenses .hich in turn betters the US econom$* 61mmigrants are not Aust a .eapon against inflation* The tens of thousands of illegal nannies in the Los Angeles area for example lo.er the cost of child care freeing mothers to return to .ork* This in turn increases families4 incomes .hich encourages spending and fuels the econom$7 =Steirfeld &((,>* -c* 1llegal immigrants in the United States benefit the econom$ because the$ bu$ food homes cell phones cars and electronics =Da0idson &((,>* 1t is important to understand that Aobs that flo. out of da$:labor hiring spots greatl$ support the economic strength of those states .ith a high percentage of illegal Mexican immigrants =Steirfeld &((,>* The illegal Mexican immigrants .ill .ork for less and still purchase goods .ithin the United States =Steirfeld &((,>* 6The #conomic %oundtable a Los Angeles think tank estimates that the 2(( ((( illegal .orkers in L*A* "ount$ spend ;5*8 billion annuall$ on food rent transportation and other necessities =Steirfeld &((,>* 1n addition the sales tax the$ pa$ on those consumer purchases boosts the state treasur$* Because illegal Mexican immigrants use false papers to get pa$roll Aobs contribute to Social Securit$ .ithout the right to recei0e pa$ments from the fund in turn boosting the s$stem b$ at least ;5 billion a $ear =Steirfeld &((,>* 1llegal immigrants .ho practice this ha0e the usual taxes deducted from pa$checks but the$ .ill ne0er see a refund or later in life in the form of a Social Securit$ check* -d* #0en in industries .ith high concentrations of illegal .orkers the impact is not as great as man$ people think* 1n Ma$ of -GG, the Urban 1nstitute calculated that fort$ percent of illegal immigrants li0ing in the United States li0e in the state of "alifornia and ten percent li0e in Texas =#dmondson -GG,>*61n these ke$ states the illegals are part of a demographic and economic transformation that frightens nati0e:born Americans* #lse.here the$ are insignificant7 =#dmondson -GG,>* @o.e0er economists belie0e there is minimal impact on .ages* Man$ Americans from other parts of the countr$ a0oid mo0ing to those cities because the$ .ant to a0oid competing for Aobs =Da0idson &((,>* 1f there .ere not illegal immigrants .orking in these Aob categories the demand for legal .orkers .ould go up .hich .ould cause .ages to increase* -e* Ceorge BorAas, a highl$ recogni3ed legali3ed immigrant from "uba is an economics and go0ernment professor at @ar0ard Uni0ersit$ claims that the a0erage AmericanFs .ealth is increased b$ less than one percent because of illegal immigration =Da0idson &((,>* 9ne percent ma$ not be a large number< ho.e0er that one percent makes a big difference in the U*S* econom$ as a .hole* Claim 2: Mexican illegal immigrants negatively affect the U.S. economy. &a* A maAor misconception about Mexican illegal immigrants and aliens is that the$ onl$ ha0e Aobs that Americans .ould ne0er take* @o.e0er Mexican illegal immigrants are not Aust cleaning toilet bo.ls and picking apples* The$ are .orking for the state at hotels in fast food restaurants and in construction* These are all Aobs Americans are .illing to do< especiall$ teens that are in desperate need of mone$* All too often emplo$ers .ill take ad0antage of

illegal immigrants* The$ .ill hire them kno.ing the$ .ill .ork for minimum .age* There is nothing an illegal alien can do in this situation besides take the Aob because the$ need mone$* This is detrimental to the American people because salar$ is kept at bare minimum .age and Americans .ho are struggling financiall$ are finding it more difficult to maintain a decent income* &b*Welfare includes programs that pro0ide cash non:cash and social ser0ice assistance that is limited to lo.:income households* 1n addition these programs include +ood Stamps Temporar$ Assistance to ?eed$ +amilies public housing the earned income credit and Medicaid* 61llegal immigrants are not eligible for man$ go0ernment ser0ice but the$ can use the public health care s$stem and their U*S*:born children are eligible for .elfare7 =Anderson &((,>* Shirle$ "hristensen a spokesperson for the Department of !ublic Social Ser0ices said that children of undocumented parents are not undocumented because the$ .ere born .ithin U*S* borders* Therefore these children are legall$ eligible to be aided =Anderson &((,>* Los Angeles "ount$ Super0isor Michael D* Antono0ich said that close to -(( ((( children of illegal immigrants in the count$ collect ;&8, million in annual .elfare benefits =Anderson &((,>* According to Antono0ich 6Legal immigration is a positi0e influence on out culture and econom$Hin public safet$ health care and public social ser0ices illegals cost count$ taxpa$ers nearl$ three Euarters of a billion dollars a $ear7 =Anderson &((,>* 1llegal aliens are a colossal drain on the nationFs hospitals schools and .elfare programs consuming ser0ices the$ do not pa$ for =Dalmia &((,>* U*S citi3ens are unkno.ingl$ being taxed to support Mexican illegal immigrants in the .elfare ser0ice* 1n addition 6illegal alien households pa$ less than one fifth as much in federal income taxes to all other households7 =%ice &((,>* ?eedless to sa$ this means that Mexican illegal immigrants are not getting almost a free ride compared to American citi3ens .hen it comes to their income taxes* Claim : !merica"s communities #enefit from Mexican illegal immigrants. /a* The Mexican culture specificall$ in the fine arts has brought a ne. .orld of literature music and art to the United States* 6Mexican music like Mexican art has a rich and 0aried histor$* ?o other countr$ has such a di0ersit$ of traditional musical st$les*7 =Mexican @istor$ and "ulture &((,>* The United States has been positi0el$ influenced b$ the .ork of se0eral Mexican artists .riters and musicians* 9cta0io !a3 .on the ?obel !eace !ri3e in -GG( for his literature and artist +rida Iahlo introduced a ne. st$le of painting .hich blended fantastic and autobiographical aspects* =The @istor$ of Mexico &((,>* /b* Mexican culture is an integral part of modern:da$ America* To ignore the Mexican culture .ould be to disregard a piece of American heritage* 1ntegration of the Mexican culture .ithin the United States promotes appreciation for others unit$ among di0erse communities and fosters communication in cross:cultural situations* The @ispanic presence in man$ United States communities is celebrated through holida$s and traditions in an effort to promote a complete understanding of all the 0arious cultures that helped to form the current United States culture* =Bean -GGG>*

/c* %undo.n communities are being rebuilt due to the arri0al of Mexican illegal immigrants* The increased population in these areas has gi0en communities a reason to reno0ate in order to accommodate all the ne. residents* 61llegal aliens helped ?e. Jork "it$4s population increase to a record ' million according to the &((( census* What is true in ?e. Jork is also true across the countr$ .here man$ deca$ing urban centers are being re0itali3ed =if not gentrified> b$ the massi0e influx of Mexican immigrants7 =?e0aer &((2>* Claim $: Mexican illegal immigrants negatively affect Unite% States communities. 2a* Mexican illegal immigration negati0el$ affects e0er$ cit$ in the United States* According to the U*S* "ensus Bureau in &((( there .ere 8 million illegal immigrants in the United States and 2*' million of them .ere Mexicans* @o.e0er both figures ha0e gro.n since then* The six main states affected are ?e. Jork "alifornia Texas +lorida ?e. Kerse$ and 1llinois< 9hio is affected too* According to the &((( "ensus recorded a &2*5 percent increase of immigration population since -GG( =nearl$ half .ere illegal> and a G*& percent decrease in the nati0e born population in Da$ton 9hio ="it$ +actsheet &((,>* Since more than half of the illegal immigrants in the U*S are from Mexico it is safe to sa$ that man$ of the illegal immigrants in Da$ton are Mexican* 1t is also safe to interpret that e0er$ time the phrase illegal immigrant is mentioned in this claim it pertains to Mexican illegal immigrants because the$ account for more than half of illegal immigrants in this countr$* The statistic that the U*S* "ensus Bureau calculated for Da$ton means that immigration is adding population at the same time the nati0e population is decreasing* 1f the immigrant count is this high in Da$ton imagine .hat it is like in big cities* The United States 0alue di0ersit$ but it is not a stretch to 0ision that in a decade Mexicans can possible outnumber Americans in some cities* 2b* Because illegal immigration is adding so man$ people to our communities our educational s$stems are suffering* Schools ha0e become .arehouses o0erpopulated .ith children* @istor$ books are being re:.ritten to accommodate ne. languages and teaching immigrant children ho. to speak #nglish is costl$ and takes time a.a$ form the aim of education* The American children aren4t getting their maximum benefits from their education because the$ are helping to carr$ the burden of illegal immigration =The negati0e effects of rampant illegal immigration>* 2c* Man$ immigrants are beating American families for lo. rent housing* +or example a famil$ of four .ith onl$ one bread .inner cannot compete for the high rent that landlords demand* 1mmigrants can usuall$ pa$ .hat the landlord asks because the$ tend to pack se0eral .orking indi0iduals into one li0ing unit* The result is rent costs are inflated because a group of .orking adults can al.a$s outbid one .orking person .ith a famil$ =Bena0ide3 &((,>* This puts the American .orking class indi0idual at a maAor disad0antage* 2d* Se0eral illegal immigrants that migrate to the U*S* ha0e a criminal past* @o.e0er because the$ are illegal there are no documents to sho. their background* 9nce illegal immigrants are in the U*S* the$ continue to engage in criminal acti0it$ including gang related crimes* +or example the -'th street gang in southern "alifornia consists of &( ((( members ,( percent of them being illegal immigrants ="ampo:+lores>* These gangs create 0iolence that ends up on our streets and ultimatel$ affects citi3ens in the area*

2e* 1llegal immigrants are costing the states mone$* @ospitals cannot refuse a patient therefore man$ times illegal immigrants are treated but the$ ne0er pa$ their bills to the hospital* According to the sur0e$ b$ the American @ospital Association hospitals in &2 south.est counties in bordering states reported uncompensated care totaling ;'/& million in &((( =The negati0e effects on rampant illegal immigration>* 1mmigrants on a0erage are less educated and more likel$ to li0e in po0ert$ than those people .ho .ere born in the U*S* 1mmigrants .ho come to the U*S* often end up on Welfare paid for b$ the taxes of legal residents* Legal residents are pa$ing for people .ho didn4t abide b$ the la.s to enter this countr$L 61n this countr$ .e ma$ sa$ that it is the land of the free but 1 don4t think that4s .hat 6the$7 meant7 =Bena0ide3 &((,>* Claim &: The new #or%er will #enefit the Unite% States an% will positively affect the illegal immigration situation in the Unite% States. 5a* 1f America4s border .ith Mexico is left poorl$ patrolled and unfortified it .ill continue to negati0el$ affect America4s .elfare s$stem* +igures produced b$ the Urban 1nstitute in &((& Euoted undocumented Mexicans at 58M =!assel &((2>* That eEuates to an estimated G*/ million undocumented Mexican immigrants in America in &((& =!assel &((2>* These undocumented persons .ork in the lo.est pa$ing Aobs and do not contribute to bettering America* A ne. border .ill curtail the influx of illegal Mexicans entering the US* 5b* Terrorism continues to be a threat to America and a better controlled border .ill benefit our countr$* As the threats to America continue to change so should the control of Americas border .ith Mexico change* The GB-- terrorists gained access through the Mexico:America border* With a better controlled border the attacks on America could ha0e been pre0ented* 5c* Cang 0iolence in the south.est has also escalated because of Mexican gangs that are comprised of nearl$ ,(M illegal immigrants* An article .ritten b$ Arian "ampo:+lores reported that the notoriousl$ 0iolent gang MS:-/ is composed of 6mostl$ Sal0adorans and central Americans N man$ of them undocumentedH' ((( : -( ((( in // states in the United States7 =+lores &((,>* This notorious gang MS:-/ can be credited .ith increasing gang 0iolence drug trafficking and murders all o0er the countr$* While the roots of MS:-/ are found in South America its effects and operations can be found in border to.ns and throughout America* A tighter border .ill benefit America because .e .ill be better able to control cross border gang acti0it$ as .ell as their drug trafficking* 5d* A ne. border that is better controlled .ill also benefit border Aumpers* 1llegal immigrants coming to the United States face man$ ha3ards such as murder exploitation and being robed of .hat fe. possessions the$ ha0e* With a ne. more controlled border Americans .ill be safer and so .ill the people tr$ing to come to America* With the ne. 8(( miles of fence illegal Mexican immigrants .ill be forced to cross in more desolate and ha3ardous areas of the south.est* This .ill benefit America because it .ill pre0ent criminal acti0it$ along the boarder and thereb$ decrease one of the illegal acti0ities that occur near the border*

5e* The Mexico:United States border ser0es as a sto0e pipe for illegal narcotics coming into the United States* currentl$ also allo.s for drugs to enter our countr$* Mexicans currentl$ control -- out of the -/ largest drug markets in the countr$ and bring in G&M of cocaine that enters the countr$ =#conomist &((,>* With a nmore sophisticated e. border officials .ill be better eEuipped to pre0ent the trafficking of illegal narcotics into America* Claim ': The new #or%er will not #enefit the Unite% States an% will negatively affect the illegal immigration situation in the Unite% States. ,a*The fence is estimated to slo. do.n Mexican immigration b$ ,(( ((( people per $ear but it does nothing to address the -& million illegal immigration alread$ here =Milligan &((,>* The fence does not address the economic factors that dri0e people here in the first place like better pa$ and better li0ing conditions =Border America &((,>* ?ot onl$ .ill the illegal immigration in the U*S be unaffected but there .ill be no enforcement that deters immigrants from coming to the U*S* legall$ and o0ersta$ing their 0isas* This is a real problem< more than half of legal immigrants toda$ o0ersta$ their 0isas =Moscoso &((,>* ?o. that a fence plan has been implemented the number is likel$ to rise .a$ be$ond fift$ percent* Because of the fence Mexican illegal immigrants in the future are more likel$ to come o0er to the U*S legall$ but .on4t likel$ return to the U*S* after their 0isas expire* The U*S* is capable of formulating a more efficient and appropriate plan that addresses the immigration problem as a .hole* ,b*The ?orth American +ree Trade Agreement of ?A+TA .as signed in -GG/ b$ U*S* !resident Ceorge Bush* This treat$ .as to create a common market in ?orth American b$ dropping trade barriers bet.een "anada Mexico and the U*S* =?orth America +air Trade Agreement>* 1t .as suppose to be the beginning of a period of cooperation and friendship =Tobar &((,>* 9n September /( &((, the United States announced that it .ould be building a fence along the border of Mexico to slo. do.n the number of Mexican illegal immigrants entering into the United States* Loren3o M$er a leading historian from Mexico argued that the senate 0ote had re0ealed an essential h$pocris$ in U*S*:Mexico relations =Tobar &((,>* The .all is an insult to the people of Mexico and .ill .eaken the strong social and economic bond the U*S* shares .ith them* 1t4s sad to see that the relationships the U*S has .orked $ears to build are being torn do.n b$ a simple fence =Border America &((,>* Building a fence .ill not sol0e an$ problems but create ne. ones bet.een Mexico and the United States* ,c*The fence .ill co0er approximatel$ 8(( miles out of the &((( miles that the Mexican border entails* The fence .ill onl$ co0er about one third of the Mexican border =Milligan &((,>* Although the fence .ill likel$ slo. do.n the rate at .hich Mexicans are crossing the border it .ill not keep them out of the America* The fence is practicall$ useless unless the other t.o thirds of the border are co0ered .ith fence as .ell* 1mmigrants are likel$ to tra0el farther east and cross the border that .on4t be fenced =Tobar &((,>* 6As long as there are Aobs a0ailable in the United States and there are there .ill be moti0ation to challenge the border no matter ho. high or ho. sophisticated the fence7=Tobar &((,>*

Claim (: )egali*ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currently in the Unite% States woul% help solve the pro#lem. 8a* The opposite proposal to legali3ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States is to perform a massi0e deportation of those immigrants* #0en though such a deportation ma$ seem to be an eas$ .a$ out of a tough situation such a drastic action .ould deli0er a se0ere blo. to the United States labor force and econom$* Se0eral business from farms to restaurants depend on Mexican illegal immigrants as .orkers to perform seemingl$ menial but nonetheless 0ital tasks* 61f the American go0ernment deported all of the illegal aliens in the United States produce .ould rot in the fields factors .ould stand idle restaurants .ould be hard:pressed to ser0e up meals7 =?e0aer &((2>* 8b* Legali3ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States is a peaceful solution to a dangerous problem* Tamar Kacob$ of the New York Times reports 6?ot onl$ .ould legali3ation eliminate a 0ast population of second:class nonciti3ens: the existence of such a population is an affront to our democratic 0alues: it .ould also allo. us to identif$ and keep track of these millions of undocumented immigrants .ithout resort to la. enforcement7 =?e0aer &((2>* A massi0e deportation effort .ould in0ol0e ph$sical force to remo0e illegal immigrants from the United States and most likel$ pro0oke e0en harsher ph$sical force from those being sent a.a$* 8c* Becoming American citi3ens Mexican illegal immigrants .ould ha0e the pride and responsibilit$ to be an American citi3en* Legali3ation .ould eliminate the uncertaint$ of .ho is an American citi3en and .hat rights he or she has* 9ne of the rights of an American citi3en is to fight for the United States as an American soldier* 69ur proposal Olegali3ationP .ill bring undocumented immigrants out of the shado.s and into the light of accountabilit$ and greater cooperation in our fight against terrorism 7 stated %epresentati0e %ichard A* Cephardt =?e0aer &((2>* 8d* While legali3ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States is not a permanent solution to the problem it is a step in the right direction to.ards e0entual resol0e* %afael +ernande3 de "astro de0eloper of an immigration plan for the "arnegie #ndo.ment for 1nternational !eace in Washington and the Autonomous Technological 1nstitute of Mexico commented 6This is a .indo. of opportunit$ to sei3e the moment and start building a long term solution7 =?e0aer &((2>* 8e* Legali3ation .ould actuall$ help encourage immigrants to utili3e such plans as the temporar$ .orker proposition* This plan encourages immigrants to sta$ legall$ in the United States for a designated amount of time and then to return to Mexico* #0en .ithout the temporar$ .orker proposal the maAorit$ of Mexican illegal immigrants does not plan to settle in the United States but simpl$ .ant a chance to earn more mone$ for famil$ in Mexico* 61ndeed Mexicans remaining in the United States permanentl$ are seen as failures back home* There is no embarrassment in ha0ing to go to the United States for an opportunit$ to make mone$ to pursue and education to get a break* But there is the social

understanding that the United States is not one4s home and that one is expected to return home after a fe. $ears .orking there7 =?e0aer &((2>* Claim +: )egali*ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currently in the Unite% States woul% not help solve the pro#lem. 'a* Although man$ Americans .ould not like to admit the fact the United States is still a nation plagued b$ racial preAudice* Legali3ation of Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States ma$ cause an increase in racial tensions* Americans .ho ma$ be upset b$ the decision to legali3ation Mexican illegal immigrants ma$ mistakenl$ take out their frustration on all Mexican:Americans e0en those .ho ha0e al.a$s maintained a legal status* %obert Samuelson of the Washington Post explains 6A possible per0erse side effect Oof illegal immigration from MexicoP is a rise in preAudice against @ispanic Americans .ho are confused for immigrants e0en though the$40e often li0ed here for generations7 =?e0aer &((2> 'b* 9ne of the largest problems .ith Mexican illegal immigrants in the United States is their affect on the American .ork force* The maAorit$ of these illegal immigrants are considered unskilled and uneducated labor* The$ .ill therefore accept lo. .ages from emplo$ers* 6@alf of all adult illegal immigrants in the United States ha0e less than a high school education7 =%ector &((,>* @o.e0er these lo. .ages do not onl$ affect the illegal immigrants but those Americans .orking beside them* The increase in Mexican illegal immigrants in the .ork force has lo.ered the .ages for .orkers .ith a high school education b$ 5M* ="enter for 1mmigration Studies &((->* According to the "enter for 1mmigration Studies legali3ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States .ould not sol0e the problems caused b$ an o0er.helming class of unskilled .orkers in the United States .ork force* 'c* Legali3ation policies generall$ fa0or those .ho ha0e remained in the United States illegall$ for a certain amount of time alread$* Therefore legali3ation .ould re.ard those .ho ha0e broken United States la. .hile ignoring those .ho ha0e .aited patientl$: and legall$: in Mexico* =Kohnson -G'->* 'd* The 1mmigration %eform and "ontrol Act of -G', granted about &*8 illegal immigrants amnest$ in the United States* While the act .as intended to decrease the amount of illegal immigration to the United States the ad0erse effect occurred* During the $ears of amnest$ the number of illegal immigrants entering the United States gre. to '(( ((( a $ear* Ste0en A* "amarota Director of %esearch at the "enter for 1mmigration Studies suggests 6The fact that these 1?S figures sho. that the last amnest$ actuall$ attracted more illegal immigration should gi0e serious pause to those no. ad0ocating another amnest$7 ="enter for 1mmigration Studies &((( Qamudio &((2>* The effects of the amnest$ act in -G', also sho. that legali3ation of Mexican illegal immigrants alread$ in the United States does not pro0ide a permanent solution for the problem* 6Amnest$ is not a long:range strateg$ for accommodation of illegal aliens7 =Kohnson -G'->*

'e* Legali3ation of all Mexican illegal immigrants currentl$ in the United States .ould produce large costs for the American go0ernment* 69nce these indi0iduals become citi3ens the net additional cost to the federal go0ernment of benefits for these indi0iduals .ill be around ;-, billion per $ear* The long:term cost of go0ernment benefit to the parents of -( million recipients of amnest$ could be ;/( billion per $ear or more7 =%ector &((,>* Legali3ation of these illegal immigrants .ould not onl$ cost the American go0ernment but American taxpa$ers as .ell* 61t seems likel$ that if @ispanic illegal immigrants are gi0en permanent residence and citi3enship the$ and their children .ill likel$ assimilate into the culture of high .elfare use that characteri3es @ispanics in the U*S* This .ould impose significant costs on taxpa$ers and societ$ as a .hole7 =%ector &((,>*

,alues an% !ssumptions -* 1mmigration to the United States is 0alued* &* 1mmigrating illegall$ to the United States is a problem* /* Border securit$ is a national concern* 2* Mexican illegal immigration affects the U*S* econom$* 5* Mexican illegal immigration affects the U*S* communities* ,* The United States has been coined the name 6The Melting !ot7 because of the di0ersit$ present in this nation*

-eferences =&((&>* Millions of Mexican illegal aliens endanger U.S. security. %etrie0ed 9ctober 8 &((, from http)BB...*ne.smax*comBarchi0esBarticlesB&((&B'B,B-2/-(&*shtml =&((,>* Border America< in Texas little support for putting up fences< along the rio grande residents sa$ the barrier appro0ed b$ congress .ould se0er cultural and economic ties and cut off access to the ri0er* Los ngeles Times* %etrie0ed on 9ctober , &((, from Lexis?exis Database* =&((,>* #ditorial fence is hardl$ immigration 6reform7* !night"#idder Tri$une %usiness News" The &daho Statesmen* %etrie0ed September &8 &((, from the Lexis?exis Database* =&((, 9ctober &>* Mexico sa$s US border fence .ill hurt relations* gence 'rance Presse( )nglish. %etrie0ed on 9ctober & &((, from Lexis?exis Database* =&((, 9ctober &>* #D1T9%1AL) Surel$ "ongress didn4t mean to hurt kids) The ranks of uninsured children indeed increasing under burdensome regulations* The #oanoke Times* +a. %etrie0ed on 9ctober & &((, from Lexis?exis Database* A "ompendium of 1llegal 1mmigration Data* %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, ...*Defend"olorado*comBdocsBcostRstud$RdrR&((,mar&'*pdf A "ompendium of 1llegal 1mmigration Data %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from ...*Defend"olorado*comBdocsBcostRstud$RdrR&((,mar&'*pdf Ad0ersit$*net* %etrie0ed on 9ctober -( &((, from http)BB...*ad0ersit$*netBTermsRDefinitionsBT#%MSB1llegal:Undocumented*htm Anderson T* =&((, April &,>* Welfare to kids of illegals at ;8, million* The ,aily News of Los ngeles. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database Arian "ampo:+lores =March &' &((,>* The most dangerous gang in america* Newsweek %etrie0ed 9ctober 8th &((, from http)BB...*msnbc*msn*comBidB8&22'8GBsiteBne.s.eekB Back to 1llegal 1mmigration ?e.s* %etrie0ed 9ctober -( &((, from http)BB...*.arriorsfortruth*comBimmigrants*html Bean +* D* and Bell:%ose S* &mmigration and o--ortunity. race* ethnicity* and em-loyment in the United States* ?e. Jork) %ussell Sage +oundation -GGG* Bena0ide3 W* =n*d*>* The negati0e effects of rampant illegal immigration into the United

States* %etrie0ed 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*defendcoloradono.*comBperspecti0eBartRnegati0eReffects*html "albreath D* =&((, September 5>* The illegal .orkforce* The San ,iego Union"Tri$ute. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database* "ampo:+lores A* The Most Dangerous Cang in America* ?e.s.eek* %etrie0ed on 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*msnbc*comBidB8&22'8GBsiteBne.s.eekBprintB-Bdispla$modeB-(G'B "it$ +act sheet) Da$ton 9hio* +ederation for American 1mmigration %eform* %etrie0ed on 9ctober & &((, from http)BB...*fairus*orgBsiteB!ageSe0er? pagenameSresearchRresearcha-2GRsup "ost of #ducating 1llegal Alien "hildren in US? %etrie0ed 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*couplescompan$*comB+eaturesB!oliticsBschoolbudgets*htm Da0idson A* =&((, March /(>* /0 . &llegal &mmigrants and the U.S. )conomy. %etrie0ed 9ctober 8 &((, from http)BB...*npr*orgBtemplatesBstor$Bstor$*php?stor$1dS5/-&G(( Dictionar$ b$ Labor La. Talk* %etrie0ed on 9ctober -( &((, from http)BBdictionar$*laborla.talk*comB1llegalRimmigrant #dmondson B* =-GG, Ma$>* Life .ithout illegal immigrants* merican ,emogra-hics* 1olume 23* issue 4. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Academic Search !remier Database* @iggins S* =&((, 9ctober &>* C9! "ongress Acts on Securit$ Agenda With #$e T9 ?o0* 8< Bush Cet @is Detainee Bill< Border fence nears 9I as C9! la.makers hope to .in o0er grump$ 0oters* &n1estors %usiness ,aily. %etrie0ed 9ctober & &((, from Lexis?exis Database* @ill !* =&((, Ma$ ->* @o. immigrants make econom$ gro.* The Washington Times. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database* 1mmigrant4s 1mpact on the United States* %etrie0ed 9ctober & &((, from http)BBfairus*orgBsiteB!ageSe0er?pagenameSresearchRresercha-2GRsup 1mmigration from Mexico) stud$ examines costs and benefits for the United States* =&((->*"enter for &mmigration Studies* %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from http)BB...*cis*orgBarticlesB&((-BmexicoBrelease*html 1mpact of Mexican 1mmigration on !ublic "offers* %etrie0ed on 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*cis*orgBarticlesB&((-BmexicoBcoffers*html Kacobe D* =&((, September -2>* The real impact of illegal immigration* 5allu- Management 6ournal. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database*

McAllen T* =&((, 9ctober ,>* Border America< 1n Texas Little Support for !utting Up +ences< Along the %io Crande residents sa$ the barrier appro0ed b$ "ongress .ould se0er cultural and economic ties and cut off access to the ri0er* Los ngeles Times* %etrie0ed on 9ctober , &((, from Lexis?exis Database* Mexican histor$ and culture* =&((,>* %etrie0ed 9ctober ' &((, from http)BB...*mexican:embass$*dkBhistor$*html Mexico* &nternational ,e1elo-ment )xchange 728349* %etrie0ed 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*idex*orgBcountr$*php?countr$RidS2T Mexico:US Border) #ffects of 1llegal 1mmigration on the U*S* %etrie0ed on 9ctober G &((, from http)BBteaching*Euotidiana*comBourBmex:usBuseffects*html Milligan S* =&((, September /(>* US Senate passes Bill to Build Mexican Border +ence* The %oston 5lo$e. %etrie0ed 9ctober , &((, from the Lexis?exis Database* Millman K* =&((, Kune &&>* Migration is making old:st$le politics difficult in Mexico* Wall Street 6ournal $stracts. %etrie0ed on 9ctober , &((, from Lexis?exis Database* Moscoso #* =&((,>* Border fence .in appro0al< ;22' billion defense package also passes and goes to president pro0ide ;8( billion to support .ar operations in 1raE and Afghanistan* The tlanta"6ournal :onstitution. %etrie0ed on 9ctober , &((, from the Lexis?exis Database* ?aturali3ation* =&((,>* U.S. :iti;enshi- and &mmigration Ser1ices* %etrie0ed 9ctober ' &((, from http)BB...*uscis*go0BgraphicsBser0icesBnat3Bindex*htm ?e0aer L*#*U* =&((2>* The #ise of the <is-anic Market in the United States. :hallenges* ,ilemmas *and =--ortunities for :or-orate Management* ?e. Jork) M*#* Sharpe* ?e0ins K* =&((&>* =-eration 5atekee-er* ?e. Jork) %outledge* ?e. 1?S ne.s report) -G', amnest$ increased illegal immigration* =&(((>* :enter for &mmigration Studies* %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, http)BB...*cis*orgBarticlesB&(((Bins-G',amnest$*html ?orth American +ree Trade Agreement* =&((,>* 1n %ritannica Student )ncyclo-edia* %etrie0ed 9ctober 8 &((, form #nc$clopedia Britannica 9nline) http)BB...*britannica*comBebiBarticle:G/-&82& !assel K* =March - &((2>* Mexican 1mmigration to the US) The Latest #stimates* Migration &nformation Source %etrie0ed 9ctober ' &((, from http)BB...*migrationinformation*orgBfeatureBprint*cfm?1DS&('

%obert %* =&((, Kune 5>* Alien Amnest$ Bloats Welfare* <uman )1ents* 1olume >?* issue 28. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Academic Search !remier Database* %odrigue3 %* =&((, Ma$ '>* What a Wall "an4t Stop* The Washington Post. %etrie0ed 9ctober , &((, from Lexis?exis Database* %ector %* =&((, Ma$ -&>* Amnest$ and continued lo. skilled immigration .ill substantiall$ raise .elfare costs and po0ert$* The <eritage 'oundation* %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from http)BB...*heritage*orgB%esearchB1mmigrationBbg-G/,*cfm Shikha D* =&((, Ma$ &&>* 1mmigrants contribute more to the econom$ than the$ take* Los ngeles %usiness 6ournal. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database* Shikha D* =&((, August>* Who4s milking .ho* #eason* 1olume @3* issue A. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Academic Search !remier Database* Streitfeld D* =&((, 9ctober ->* Border america* Los ngeles Times. %etrie0ed 9ctober -G &((, from Lexis?exis Database* Strugatch W* =&((, Ma$ ->* "heap Labor? 1t Aust looks that .a$< 1llegal .orks fuel Vgra$4 market and demand rights: and .e all pa$ the hidden costs* Newsday. %etrie0ed on 9ctober G &((, from Lexis?exis Database* U*S* "ensus Bureau* =&((,>* Statsitical Abstract of the United States) &((,* Washington D") U*S* Co0ernment !rinting 9ffice* The @istor$ of Mexico* =&((,>* The <istory :hannel We$site* %etrie0ed 9ctober ' &((, from http)BB...*histor$*comBminisite*do? contentRt$peSMinisiteRCenericWcontentt$peidS'5Wdispla$RorderS,WminiRidS-(GG The ?egati0e effects of rampant illegal immigration into the United States* %etrie0ed on 9ctober G &((, from http)BB...*defendcoloradono.*comBperspecti0eBartRnegati0eReffects*html Tobar @* =&((,>* Border America< Mexicans See Cood and Bade Side to Wall< There4s much talk about the 0oid migrants lea0e behind but the planned border fence still chafes* Los ngeles Times* %etrie0ed on 9ctober , &((, from the Lexis?exis Database* United States 1mmigration Support* =&((,>* 5lossary of immigration terms ?BB>. %etrie0ed 9ctober / &((, from http:..www.usimmigrationsupport.org.immigrationterms.html Qamudio !* =&((2>* Mexico) Mexican international migration* Migration and immigration. a glo$al 1iew. "onnecticut) Creen.ood !ress*