SPE 10127 A Method to Determ and Its Applications

by Jose L. Bashbush, * PEMEX-National

G Member SPE.AIME
C) Copy.lghl 1981, Society of Petroleum Engineers of Al ME

University

of Mexico

This paper was presented at the 56th Annual Fall Technical Conferel,ca and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, held in San Antonio, Texas, October 5.7, 1981. The material is subject to correction by the author. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Write: 6200 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, Texas 75206.

ABSTRACT . P.etrograde condensate reservoirs and volatile oil reservoirs are not amenable to be studied using traditional material balance methods and simulation techniques. To analize these variable composition reservoirs , it is necessary to obtain a consistent and reliable set of K-values which might be capable of reproducing the phase behavior of the fluids within the reservoir, This paper presents a simple and pract~ cal material balance method by which liquid compositions, K-values and molecular weights of the heavy fraction in the liquid at different pressures are calculated, based on the data available in a constant volume depletion lab analysis. Results of the analyses of three PVT studies are discussed along with guidelines to evaluate the goodness of reported experimental data and ways to correct inconsistencies commonly found in the reports. The corrected K-value table generated with the method can be directly used in a compositional study to predict the reservoir behavior. Another use involves the applic~ tion of the metliod as a necessary preamble to the adjustment of the parameters of an equation of state. This practice will avoid the great deal of time spent in unsucces~ ful attempts to match inconsistent inform~ tion

Equilibrium Ratios. Various nomograms and correlations have been developed, modified and refined to simplify the volumixtoua calculation implied in the proposed trial and error procedures.

As the result of drilling deeper andhotte.r horizons, the number of variable composition reservoirs has increased considerably during the last few years. These reservoirs, often found at temperatures near the critical temperature of the mixture of hydrocarbons they contain, present a behavior that pr~ vents the use of traditional methods common ly applied in moat reservoirs. The need fo~ better precision in the forecasting of the behavior of these kinds of reservoirs comp~ sitional material balance methods7 and com positional finite difference simulators w~re developed. The fluids of these reservoirs are characterized by having considerable amounts of intermediate hydrocarbons (C2-C6). Tables 1 and 2 present the consolidated composition al analysis of 19 of these reservoirs. The Cr,nposition of these fluids and the tempe~ ature of the reservoirs they are found in, are the reasons for obtaining large retro grade condensations from the gases and h~gh shrinkage in liquid volumes from the oils. Figure 1 depicts the retrograde condensate curves obtained in the lab for several of the fluids of Table 1. Figure 2 includes the liquid phase volum~ curves (re lated to the volume occupied at the bubble point) for seven of the volatile oils of Table 2. The curve of a light black oil with a bubble point formation volume factor of 1.6 is also included for comparison. The difference between this fairly light black oil and the volatile oils is quite evident. The increased sophistication in the predictive techniques for these kinds of reservoirs, underlines the need for a

INTRODUCTION Several articlesl$2~3$4 and books 56 have dealt with the problem of predicting the behavior of reservoirs containing variable composition fluids (volatile oils and retrograde condensate gases), The end result of all the predictions is the obtai; ment of a consistent set of K-values or References and illustrations at end of paper.

A METHOD TO DETERMINE K-VALUES FROM LABORATORY DATA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

SPE 10127 -_-

procedure that is able to determine K-values capable of reproducing the observed behavior of fluid samples in the laboratory. Dykstra and Mueller8published a method that correlates K-values versus pressure and the char acterization factor of each component. Thi; method was successfully used for the prediction of phase behavior in gas injection processes in spite that the correlating equation assumes an ideal solution behavior and also that the vapor phase follows the perfect gas lawg. Subsequent modifications to this methodlo~ll have made it suitable for its use in the simulation of variable composition reservoirs. Jones and Erbar12 presented a computer oriented algorithm that adjusts an initially estimated set of K-values by means of tran~ lation andjor rotation of the curves. The initial estimate is made through the use of to published data13. polynomial approximations Normal boiling points of the heavy components are also required in the characterization process. In a more rigorous way, several methods based upon the use of two and three-parameter equations of state (EOS) have been developed. The most commonly used EOS are the numerous modifications to the Redlich-Kwongl EOS and the Peng-Robinson15 EOS. A recent publ~ cation16 summarizes most of these equations. The use of EOS in phase behavior calc~ lations presents several advantages over other methods by reducing the use of empir~ cal correlations and allowing the calcula tion of a consistent set of physical prope~ ties. Furthermore, once the parameters of the equation are adjusted, it is theoretical possible to calculate the whole two-phase envelope knowing only the initial fluid composition. The problem arises during the adjustment of the equation to experimental data. The large number of parameters lab and the ample range of variation of some of them, makes it difficult to know if the match is unique or if it applies to the whole range of interest. A simple and practical method for the exact calculation of K-values of a hydroca~ bon mixture with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide is presented. The information required is available in a routine constant volume PVT compositional analysis, that is: Initial fluid composition saturation pressure, at the

PVT

cell.

For volatile oils it is also necessary to know the molecular weight of the original fluid, as well as its density at the bubble point pressure. The analysis of the set of K-values obtained in this manner provides the follow ing additional advantages: By plotting the K-values versus pressure it is possible to analize the quality of the experimental data. Incorrect mea surements will show as humps or in the K-value curves. inflections The method allows to correct the exper~ mental errors by visually altering the K-values or, in a more adequate form,by selectively altering the compositions reported by the lab. Even if an equation of state is utilized the method allows to first check if the PVT results are internally consistent. If they are not, the application of, the procedure will render a consistent set of K-values. This precaution will avoid the great deal of time and difficulty involved in useless or impossible match es to incorrect data.

The first stage of a constant volume depletion test will be briefly reviewed, since this test is the basic source of info~ mation for the method.

CONSTANT

VOLUME

DEPLETION

TF.ST

A constant volume depletion test consist of a series of expansions tit constant composj tion, equilibrations at constant presure and withdrawals again at constant pressure then tempers all .~f them carried out at reservoir from the cell is ture. The gas withdrawn analized and its amount and composition measured. Figure 3 schematically presents the first step of a test performed on a sample of the Gas Condensate 8A. Figure 3a, shows the initial conditions of the cell at the dew point pressure of 6720 psig. The volume VI occupied by the sample at the saturation pressure serves as the basis for the entire test. Figure 3b represents the end of the first expansion. In this case the pressure in the cell has decreased to 5800 psig. The volume of the sample in the cell V2 is pr~ portional to the plz relationships: PI 2 ;l@ 22 . .. (1)

Composition of the gas effluent displaced during each pressure decrement, Gas deviation of gas factor, displaced in each step,

Amount and Volume

1.0656

Vl

... (2)

of the liquid

phase

in the

SPE

10127

JOSE

L. BASHBUSH 3.

The two-phase deviation factors are used in this calculation since there are two the satur~ phases present in the cell below tion pressure. The first stage is concluded with a constant pressure production of the gas phase G2, until the volume of the sample is reduced to the original volume VI. See Figure 3c. In this test tk,e retrograde condensate occupies 7.~0% of Vll and consg quently the gas G2 occupies 92.20% of V . The moles of G2 g as produced are 6.193%1 of the moles originally present in the cell at the saturation pressure. The procedure is repeated in succesive stages until a minimum test pressure is reached (generally 700 psig). For this pressure, the composition of the gas phase as well as the composition of the retrograde liquid remaining in the cell are reported. Table 3 contains the corrected compos~ tional analysis of a depletion study perfo~ med dn a sample of Gas Condensate A. For a volatile oil, the procedure is identical, but in this case the initial is the bubble point pressure and the pressure cell contains liquid and not gas.

The number of moles of the vapor phase Ng . is calculated by the application of th~ real gas law. The volume of the gaseous phase is the difference between the initial cell volume VI and the volume occupied by the liquid (RLVj) at the corresponding pressure. The number of moles of the liquid phase (N~j) is the difference between Nj and Ng.. J As a way of checking the accuracy of the to experimental data, it is convenient calculate the two-phase deviation factor commonly reported in the PVT ~~~ 12 $ es for condensates .

4.

The number of moles withdrawn in each depletion stage S. ia obtained as a function of the aAount of mass produced in two succeeding stages.

The following two steps are applied to each component or pseudo-component included in the PVT analysis: 5. A material components balance renders of = for the each one of the equation:

DESCRIPTION The A.

OF THE METHOD are developed in Appendix

Initial moles ith component

Noles of ith comp~ nent in the vapor phase Moles produced + of the ith .. . (3) component of in

equations

The method consists on the application of a material balance to the moles of fluid originally present in the cell at the satur~ tion pressure, (bubble point for an oil or dew point for a gas). The objective is to obtain the liquid composition in the cell with can be used, along with the gas compos~ tion obtained in the lab, to calculate the K-values. The steps: 1. procedure is divided into eight

Moles of ith comp~ + nent in the liquid phase

The above equation is solved in terms the mol fraction of the ith component the liquid phase xi, that is the only unk~own remaining. 6.

In the first step the total number of moles NT in the system is obtained. Thi s number 1s a function of the initial cel 17 volume V1. However, dcring the calcul~ tion procedure the volume cancels out and does not enter into the equations.

The equilibrium ratio of the ith compo pressureis nent K. at the corresponding obtain;d dividing the mol fraction of the ith component in the vapor phase (reported in the PVT analysis) by the mol fraction of the ith component in the liquid phaae calculated in step 5 above. Once all the equilibrium ratios have bee] calculated it is convenient to extrap~ late the curves to obtain the K-values corresponding to the saturation pressure (either bubble point or dew point). The extrapolated values can be then correcte~ to satisfy the corresponding limitation at this pressure, i.e.: The sum of the mole concentrations for the first drop of dew (for gases) or for the first bubble of gas (for oils) shoul~ be exactly one.

For a volatile oil it is necessary to know the density at the bubble point and the apparent molecular weight of the original reservoir fluid. For a retrograde condensate , the dew point and the deviation factor su~ fice, since the real gas law can be applied. Steps 2 through 6 are repeatedly applied for each depletion level for which analysis of the produced gas is available. 2. The number of moles remaining in the cell N. are obtained as a function of the amaunt of mass produced up to a given depletion level (WSPj).

an 8.

The last step consist of the calculation of the molecular weight of the C7+ fras weight tion in the liquid. The molecul~r and the number of moles of the fluid at the saturation pressure (step 1) are it is possible to calcy known. Therefore

A METHOD TO DETERMINE K-VALUES FROM LABOFQiTORY DATA AND ITS APPLICATIONS late the mass originally in the cell. This mas is partitioned into a vapor and liquid phases, with the molecular weight of the vapor phase being measured in the test. Then it is possible to calculate the molecular weight and the mass of the vapor phase. Subtracting the mass of the vapor phase from the total mass in the cell at the beginning of the corresponding depletion stage, the mass of the liquid phase is obtained. Finally, with the composition (step 5), number of moles (step 3), and mass of the liquid phase in the cell to calculate both, known, it is possible the molecular weight of the liquid, and the molecular weight of the C7+ fraction in the liquid. than about one percent.

SPE

10127

Another useful plot* can be generated with the calculated liquid compositions vereus pressure. Again, unexpected humps in the curves would be indicative of experimental errors. The most important and sensitive check on the consistency of the experimental data is a plot of the K-values obtained through this procedure (step 6) versus pressure. The curves should plot in a parallel-like trend with no humps or crossings. The upper curve (higer K-va~ ues) should correspond to nitrogen, followed by the curves of methane and carbon dioxide. Then, either the curve of ethane or the curve of hydrogen SU1 fide (depending on the fluid composition and reservoir temperature). Underneath, the curves of the rest of the components should plot, in order of their molecular weights. The K-values of isobutane and iso-pentane should always be higher than the ones corresponding to the normal components.

CONSISTENCY

OF THE

EXPERIMENTAL

DATA

data

The consistency can be revised

of the experimental in several ways.

The first check can be easily done by plotting* the composition of the produced gas versus pressure. Smooth curves should be the norm. Humps in the plot will usually be an indication of experimental error. For gas-condensate fluids this plot can be extended to the dew point pressure utili~ ing the composition of the fluid at the dew for volatile oils the plot point. However, can not be extended to the bubble point by means of the composition of the fluid at the bubble point (a very common mistake). The composition of the first bubble of gas (consistent with the rest of the data in the plot) is very different from the composition of the oil in the cell at the bubble point. This is the case even for oils near the critical conditions. Therefore, the gas comp~ sition obtained in the extrapolation of the K-values (step 7) should be used in this case A second check applicable to retrograde condensate gases is by means of the two -phase deviation factor. The calculated values (step 3) should not differ in more than a unit in the third decimal place in all instances. This condition satisfying it is not severe, therefore, is not a conclusive proof of consistency of the experimental data, All of the compositional PVT reports, include the analysis of the liquid remaining in the cell at the end of the las depletion stage. This composition should be compared against the calcula ted composition (step 5). For most components with initial mole conce~ trations greated than 0,4 percent, the difference between the calculated and the measured compositions should be less

APPLICATIONS To il~tistrate the utilization of the method, a discussion of tne characterization of three of the ?luids in Tables 1 and 2 follows.

CASE

1.

GAS

CONDENSATE

Gas-Condensate A is in a hot (273F), deep (15 000) reservoir with an originsl pressure over 1 000 psi above the dew point pressure. Bottom hole samples were collected and analized. The maximum retrograde condens~ tion of 19.4 percent of hydrocarbon pore space occurred at a pressure of 31OO psig. Table 3 contains the corrected compositional analysis of a constant volume depletion study at the reservoir temperature. Table 4 has the concentrations, modified in Table 3, that were originally reported by the lab. When the procedure was applied to the original data and the K-values were plotted, a few inconsistencies were apparent. Figure curves that were thought 4 shows the K-value to indicate errors in the experimental infor mation. The most notorious are the crossove~s shown by the curves for iso-butane and normal butane, and the ones shown by the curves of ethane and hydrogen sulfide. To correct those curves the concentr~ ties originally reported by the lab we~e modified until a set of smooth K-value curves It wae necessary to make 19 was obtained. changes of which 12 were beyond the exper~ mental occuracy. Of the other seven, only four resulted in changes greater than one

* semilog

coordinate

paper

SPE

10127 a half

JOSE

L. BASHBUSH CASE 3. GAS CONDENSATE IIB,!

percent (and less than one and of the original concentrations.

percent)

Table 5 and Figure 5 contain the CalC~ lated compositions of the retrograde liquid condensed in the cell for each pressure level. Included in Table 5 is a list ot the calculated two-phase deviation factors. Evidently there is an excellent match between the values measured in the lab and the ones calculated by this procedure. The composition of the first drop of dew, is shown in Table 5 as the composition of the liquid at the dew point of 6720 psig. Table 6 shows the calculated equilibrium ratios graphically displayed in Figure 6. The K-values at the dew point are extrapolations of the trend shown by the rest of the curves. Actually, four different extrapolating equations combined with four different ways of forcing the extrapolated values to satisfy the dew point condition were used. Therefore, the numbers on the second columns of Tables 5 and 6 were chosen out of 16 possible sets. Figure 7 shows the behavior of the molecular weight of the heptanes plus frac tion. As pressure decreases from the dewp;int, the molecular weight of this fraction decreases up to a minimum at around 1300 psig. Beyond that, there is a slight increase. As a result of this decrease and of the calcu lated liquid compositions, the apparent m~ lecular weight of the retrograde liquid, first decreases showing a minimum at about 4800 psig, and then increases. Once the PVT data has been analized in it is possible to either use this manner, the information directly into a model, or to attempt to calibrate the parameters of an equation of state with the knowledge that the experimental information is consistent throughout. Even having fairly good exper~ mental data, as it is the case for Gas Condensate A, serious difficulties could have arisen in trying to match the behavior of the butanes for example, using an equation of state. CASE 2. VOLATILE OIL
IICI!

As a contrast to the former two instance~ this case is presented to show the usefulness of the procedu?e not only in the characterize tion of a fluid but also in correcting exper~ mental information inadequately obtained or reported. As the basis for an urgent simulation study, a first attempt to characterize the fluid of Gas Condensate B by the method presented in this paper failed. Several of the calculated compositions for the retrograch liquid were negative and consequently, the K-values as well. A thorough analysis of the information and the calculations, pointed out that the major source of error was probably the original fluid composition. (First column of Table 8). The method was applied in several instances until a consistent set of K-value curves was obtained. The calculated after seven trials is initial composition shown in the second column of Table 8. With these numbers and the calculated K-values (Figure 9) it was possible to continue the reservoir study. The third column of Table 8, has the composition modified by the service company that performed the PVT study, several weeks after they were notified of the error. With these modifications still several humps were present in the K-value curves. The compositions of columns 2 and 3 are very similar, nonetheless, the composition calculated with the outlined procedure resulted in a consistent set of K-values and allowed the reservoir study to continue in a matter of hours.

CONCLUSIONS A method that allows to obtain the equilibrium ratios, liquid compositions and, the molecular weight of the liquid and of in the liquid for a variable the C7+ fraction composition fluid has been presented. The data required is obtained from a constant volume depletion test. The method is practical and efficient even for a desk calculator. The procedure can cut down significantly the time required to characterize a fluid. Furthermore, the method permits to: Detect Correct experimental such errors errors

Figure 8 shows the equilibrium ratios calculated from a PVT analysis for Volatile Oil C. The K-value curves only required three very slight modifications to plot in a smooth way. The similarity between the measured composition of the liquid left in the cell at 700 psig, and the composition calculated by the method is remarkable. The maximum difference between any two cOmPo~ itions is less than 0.3 percent (Table 7), The consistency shown by the Volatile Oil C data has been the best shown out of 28 PVT analyses characterized to date.

Adjust the parametersof an equation of that the base state with the certainty information is consistent Utilize the calculated K-value table directly into compositional simulation packages.

NOMENCLATURE K= N= P= RLV s = . equilibrium mass, moles pressure, volume psia cell, % of Vl 5. ratio, dimensionless 4,

for Prediction of Recovery from Volatil Oil Depletion Drive Reservoirs, Trans. AIME, V, 210, 1957, Jacoby, R.H. y Koeller R.C.: Effect of Composition and Temperature on Phase Behavior and Depletion Performance of Rich Gas Condensate Systems, Trans. AIME, v.216, 1959. and Phase Standing, M.B.: Volumetric Behavior of Oil Field Hydrocarbon Systems, SPE-AIME 1977. (Published originally in 1952). Eilerts C.K. et al. : Phase Relations of Gas Condensate Fluids, Monograph 10, Vols. 1 and 2; Bureau of Mines-American Gas Association, 1959. Lohrenz, J., Clark G.C. y Francis R.J.: A Compositional Material Balance for Combination Drive Reservoirs with Gas and Water Injection, Trans. AIME, 1963, Dykstra, H. y Mueller, T.D.: Calcu13 tion of Phase Compositions and Prope~ ties for Lean or Enriched Gas Drive, SPEJ, Sep. 1965. Hoffmann, A.E., Crump, J.S. y Hocott C. R.: Equilibrium Constants for a Gas Condensate System, Trans. AIME, v. 198! 1953. Scientific Software Users Manual. Corporation, N-COMP

absolute liquid

in the

amount of mass produced depletion stage, moles absolute temperature, produced,

in a

T= WSP =

Rankine % of initial 6.

total moles

mass

x=

mol fraction dimensionless mol fraction dimensionless . deviation

in the liquid

phase, 7.

Y=

in the gas

phase,

factor,

dimensionless 8.

SUBSCRIPTS 1 2 c D= g= i= ij= . . . saturation any other calculated dew point gas i-th isoj-th depletion stage, saturation pressure 12. component 11. 10. pressure pressure conditions 9.

Abel, W., Jackson, R.F. y Wattenbarger, R.A.: Simulation of a Partial Pressure Maintenance Gas Cycling Project with a Compositional Model, Carson Creek Field Alberta, JPT, Jan. 1970. Jones , D.M. y Erbar J.: Computer Determination of Data Matched Equili& rium Ratios, JPT, Aug. 1970. NGSMA , Engineering Okla, 1957. Data Book Tulsa,

j = 1 at the

L=
n r T= = .

liquid normalreservoir total conditions 14. 13.

Redlich, O. y Kwong, J.N.: On the Thermodynamics of Solutions, V. A Equ~ tion of State. Fugacities of Gaseous Solutions, Chem. Rev., v. 44, 1949. Peng, D.Y. y Robinson, D.B.: A New Two-Constant Equation of State, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund., v. 15, 1976. S6nchez, J.C. y Leyva M.A.: Estudio Comparative de Ecuaciones de Estado, IMP, vol. XII, Abril 1980. A follow

REFERENCES 15. 1. Jacoby, R.H. y V.J. Berry: A method for Predicting Depletion Performance a Reservoir Producing Volatil Crude Oil. Trans.AIME, v. 21O, 1957. of 16.

2.

Jacoby, R.H. y V.J. Berry: A Method for Predicting Pressure Maintenance Performance for Reservoirs Producing Volatil Crude Oil. Trans. AIME, v.213, 1958. Reudelhuber, Compositional F.O. y Hinds R.F.: A Material Balance Method

APPENDIX

3.

The equations of the appendix the order delineated in the paper. 1, Obtainment of NT (for gases):

~D

T = 10.732 2.

ZD

Tr

.. . (Al)

Moles of fluid remaining depletion stage N. = NT 3 (1 - wsPj/loo)

in the j-th

.. . (A.2)

3.

Moles of gas, moles of liquid and calculated two-phase deviation factor p. (Ng)j= 10.732
Z.

(1 - RLV/100) Tr J

... (A.3)

(N~)j

= Nj -

(Ng)j Pj

.. . (A.4) .. . (A.5)

(z

2pc)j

10.732

Nj Tr withdrawn in the j-th

4.

Number of moles depletion stage WSP. s .= J

- WSP.-l 100 T

.. . (A.6)

5.

Material balance for the i-th in the j-th depletion stage (Yi)l + NT = j for xi (Yi)j

component

(Yi)j

(Ng)j

(xi)j(N~)j
... (A.7)

(Yi)j

solving (yi)lNT :x.)==

lJ

Ng)j [

j ,..

(A

8) .

(Nz)j

6.

Equilibrium Yi

Ratios

I
.. . (A.9)

Ki=

[1
x. 1

Steps 5 and 6 are applied for every component in each one of the depletion stages 7. 8. Extrapolation of the K-value curves

Mass balance to obtain the molecular weight of the liquid and the molecular weight of the heavy fraction (C7+) in the liquid.

TABLE 1
CONSOLIDATED ANALYSES (3) G~n~n . 77.22 OF SEVERAL GAS CONDENSATE FLUID SYSTEi.lS

(1)
=~ t, ~u c1 2 69.93

(2) GCE

(4) ~~ I*B ,,

(5) GC tt~ t,

(6) GCA1 74.51

(7) .-& ,,~ ,, 69.79

(8) GC11 ,_ 67.55

(9) G~ t,J t, _ 71.02

(lo) ~~o,~t, _, 70.20

70.60

74.96

71.68

C2 032-

C6 24.05 H2S 22.80 15.71 17.87 20.77 17.83 22.14 23.59 19.23 19.74

7+

6.02

6.60

7.07

7.17

7.55

7.66

8.07

8.86

9.75

10,06

Reservoir Temperature (F) 160 271 314 266 266 273 264 237 277 274

TABLE 2
CONSOLIDATED ANALYSES OF SEVERAL VOLATILE OiLS

(1)
~ U~U

(2) ~tt~,t

(3) (j ,$~ t

(4)
~,,or,

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

65.01 50.43

62.13 59.81

Voc .
S6.33

(),,pt, .

~wQ1t ~~tt~,, _

Vos

49.S8

51.79

48.76

30.90

C2 -

C6
22.98 35.37 23.3G 23.72 23.58 29.43 26.25 25.80 39.80

co2-~2s

7+

12.01

14.20

14.49

16.47

20.04

20.99

21.96

25.44

29.30

Reservoir Temperature 241 (F)

276

279

270

266

318

275

261

286

TABLE 3
cORRECTED c014poSIT10NAL ANALySES FOR GAS CONDENSATE A

(MOL, PERCENT) ~ .117 2.780 1.710 78.370 7.740 3.450 .830 1.380 .620 .630 .600 1.773 113 .760 ~ .120 2.790 1.650 76.950 8.24o 3.720 .900 1.490 .730 .740 .680 1.990 111 .757 Jo& .060 .710 .100 12.430 3.280 2.880 1.030 2.070 1.620 1.850 3.190 70.780 196 ,830

RESERVOIR CONPONENT %?s C02 N2 % C2

C3 ic4 nC ~ ic5 nC C6 c?+ 5

PIwSSUlw3 PSIG ~

~ .110 2.600 1.590 72.920 7.300 3.360 .830 1.410 .700 .730 .790 7.660
174 .814

g~ .110
2.630 1.640 74.450 7.260 3.310 .800 1.355 .660 .680 .700 6.405 153 .799

~
.112

2200. .113 .114 2.760 1.750 73.690 7.420 3.260 .780 1.300 .579 .587 .550 2.210 118 .765

.111
2.666 1.690 76.020 7.226 3.259 .770 1.300 .610 .630 .613 5.105 141 .788

2.700 1.720 77.360 7.236 3.220 .760 1.280 .582 .6oO .570 3.860 132 .779

2.730 1.750 78.329 7.260 3.210 .760 1.280 .570 .588 .550 2.860 124 .771

NW
G

OF c,+
F C7+

Z-FACTO% EQ. GAS

TWO-PHASE 1.213 1.213 1.108 1.116 1.021 1.033 ,954 .964

.917 .910

.912 .863

.936 .804

.962 .710

WELI.I STREAi2 PRODUCED CUM.%OF INIT. RJ3TROGRAOE LIQUID VOLUME

.000 .000

6.193

14.359

25.021

38.349 19.400 liquid phase

53. s01

70.557

81.868

7.800

14.900

18.200

19.300

18.100

17.100

NOTE: The last column contains composition corresponding

the equilibrium

to the last pressure.

REPORTED LAB CONCENTRATIONS

TABLE 4

MODIFIED (MOL, PERCENT)

IN

TABLE

3,

GA!j

CONDENSATE

R3sERVOIR

PRESSU~

(PSIG)

COMPOliENT H2S C02

5800

4900 .11 2.66 7.24 .78

_ 4000 .11

3100 .11

2200 .11

1300 .12

C2 ic4 nC4 1C5 nC5

7.23

1.36

1.32 .59

.58 .59 .59 -

C6 7+ 6.40

.62 5.06 -

1.77

TAE!LE 5
CALCULATED COMPOSITIONS OF RETROGRADE LIQUID CONDENSED

IN THE CELL, CONDENSATE

(MOL, PERCENT) RESERVOIR CONPONENT

H2S C02

PRESSURE :

(PSIG)

~
.106 2.238 .906 52.299 7.096 4.034 1.238 2.158 1.157 1$405 2.013 24.551 292* 91.1

~
.104 2.179 .889 51.471 7.361 4.061 1,251 2.181 1.261 1.431 2.052 25.259 248.6 82.2

4y

4000. .098 1,984 .775 45.379 7.724 4.231 1,274 2,233 1.436 1,545 2.176 31.143 201.8 93.7

~
.092 1.795 .574 38.815 7,627 4.334 1.300 2.282 1.541 1.654 2.360 37.623 199.2 106.5

S
.085 1.532 .419 31.915 6.931 4.250 1.279 2.322 1.628 1.800 2.599 45,241 197.4 128.6

1300. - .065 1.139 .259 21.609 5.434 3.681 1.189 2.233 1.713 1.918 2.896 57.864 196.9 152.1

Jo&
.043 .715 .102 12.545 3.291 2.877 1.052 2.087 1.625 1.876 3.191 70.596

.103 2.128 .873 50.702 7.832 4.084 1.260 2.199 1.343 1.447 2.060 25.969 221.5 76.8

~2 c1 C2 C3 1C4 nC 4 ic5

nC5 C6 c?+

MW Ol?C7+
MW Ol? LIQUID Tk!O-PHASE Z FACTOR ----- CHECK LABORATORY CALCULATED

1.213 -----

1.116 1.116

1.033 1.s34

,964 .964

.910 .910

.863 ,863

,804 .804

.710 .710

* EXTRAPOLATED

TABLE 6
CALCULATED EQUILIBRIUM RATIOS-FOR GAS CONDENSATE A

PRESSURE COMPONENT H2S co* ~2 c1 C2 C3 ic4 nC4 ic5 nC5 C6 c?+

(PSIG)

~
1.0361 1.1616 1.7558 1.3943 0.92457 0.83292 0.67045 0.65353 0.60514 0.51971 0.39236 0.31200

S8Q&
1.058 1.207 1.845 1.446 0.9236 0.8151 0.6397 0,6213 0.5235 0.4752 0.3412 0.2536

4900. 1.079 1.253 1.936 1.499 0.9226 0.7980 0.6110 0.5912 0.4543 0.4354 0.2976 0.1966

&o&
1.143 1.361 2.218 1.705 0.9368 0.7610 0.5965 0.5731 0.4052 0.3884 0.2619 0.1239

~
1.226 1.521 3.046 2.018 0.9518 0.7406 0.5844 0.5608 0.3698 0.3555 0.2330 0.07602

~
1.345 1.801 4.175 2.466 1.071 0.7671 0.6100 0.5599 0.3557 0.3262 0.2115 0.04885

1300. 1.811 2.439 6.611 3.627 1.424 0.9373 0.6983 0.6179 0.3618 O.32(I5 0.2072 0.03064

&
2.823 3.902 16.128 6.134 2.504 1.293 0.8559 0.7138 0.4492 0.3945 0.2131 0.02819

TABLE 7

CALCULATED LIQUID

AND AT

MEASURED

COMPOSITIONS OIL

FOR C

THE

700 PSIG, VOLATILE

~A~ljRED

COMPONENT

CONPOSITION (Mol. %)

CALCULATED COMPOSITION (Mol.%)

DIFFERENCE (%)

H2S co ~ N 2

.31 .65 .12 11.02 5.01 4.79 1.32 3.30 1.s1 2.42 3.96 65.29

.31 .65 .12 11.05 5.02 4.80 1.32 3.30 1.81 2.42 3.96 65.23 r.o.oo
0.09 0.27 0.20 0.21

c1
C2 C3 1C4

nc5

iC

nC ~ C6 C7+

100.00

TABLE 8.
COMPARISON FOR BETWEEN GAS ORIGINAL COMPOSITIC;i B S

CONDENSATE

COMPONENT

ORIGINALLY REPORTED COMPOS IT ION (Mol.%) 1.27 2,33 0.40 74.56 7.38 3.07 0.61 1.25 0.43 0.62 0.91

CALCUI.ATED COMPOSITION
(Mol.%)

NODIFIED C014POSITION

(Mel .%)
1.2? 2,33 0.40 74.56 7,38 3.07 0.61 1.25 0.43 0,62 0.91

H2S Coz
2 c1 C2 C3 ic4 nC4 ic5 nC5 C6

1.27 2.33 0.40 74.57 7.38 3.07 0.61 1.25 0.43 0.62 0.91

---------------C7 C8 C9 Clo Cll Clz+

--------0.48 0.66 1.21 0.93 0.69 3.20 100.00

--------.

--------.
1,00 1.21 1.03 0,76 0.55 2.61 100,00

---------

-----0.98 1.23 1.02 0,76 0.55 2.63

100.00

28 d > w !? # 20 5 2 A o > w s (n z g.12 z ~ u 0 a 8.

RETROGRADE CONDENSATE

24

E W4
K

. 0 , * ,, ,8
+

0 o

1000

2000

3 coo

4000

5000

6000

7000

80<

PRESSURE fig. l-

( PSIG

Retrograde condenaatloncurvaa

[p~iq]

[%1

I 100

. I. . .

.f 10T
6720 5800

Fig, 2- Llquidphaae

volume cuwe2

[%1

[%]

G!

H
v .

10656

GZ

9220

. I
1 1 i ~. 80

5800

3.0

I \

I 4

G2

Pduced

and

analked(6.193%)

4- $.
I

Gt

Ns
\

GAS CONDENSATE

\\
Cg

. . II .

.. .

J. ?.60 7

,2/,

-.,, I .

- \
-. .-

._,

(a)

(b)

(c)

c+

./

Fig. 3- Constant volume depletion teat

I
720 I o I

1000

I 2000

I 30QI

I
400U

I
300Q 6CQ

I
7oca

PRESSURE

(PSI13)

Fl& 4- Selected K.value cuwes, Orlglnal data

10Q.C

c,

10.C

1.0

c k4
/

C02
6i

GAS CONDENSATEA

I
0.1

I /

I
1000

I
2000

I
3000

I
4000

I_

I
5000

&

t
-

I 1
6000

Hz S I

PRESSURE

( PSI]

Fig. 5- Compositon of theretrograde

llquld condensed in the cell

X7------l

lx
0.02

GAs CONDENSATE A 1
I I

1000

I
2cmn

~ J~
3(M

4000

5000

6 COO

7000

PRESSURE Fig. 6-Equilibrium raliosfor

( PSIG) gaacondensate,-As

200

n 5 g A
~ a s o Q h 150 a u o & a 3
K a 4 u w d =

GAS CONDENSATE

L 0
+ 100 . 2Q0 IIJ s

J 6720 Id :

so

I
1000

2WQ

I
3000

I
4000

I moo

I
6000

I
7000

150

PRESSURE

( PSIG)

Fig. 7- Molecular waighl behavior

10.(

5.(

1.(

O.:

0,1

0.05

VOLATILE

OIL c

0.02

I 1000

I
2000 3000 PRESSURE

I
4000

I
5000

I
6 OC

(PSIG)

Fig. 8- Equilibrium ratios for volatiie oil C

10.(

\l \

5.1 \

GAS CONDENSATE

c I
C3

1.( \

x \ + >
II

iC4

o.!

x-

0.1

0.05

c, + / 0.01

I
1000
2000

/l

I
4000

I
5000

I
6000 70

3000

PRESSURE

( PSIG)

Fig. 9- Equilibrium ratios for gas condensate

~,,