Experiment-1 Measurement of Fluid Viscosity and Density

(Requirements for the report of this experiment)

Introduction Importance of Fluid properties to Mechanical Engineer. Objective of the Experiment - Viscosity and ensity Measurement using Falling !phere Viscometer by using three balls of different diameter and different material. - "ncertainty #nalysis for diameter of one ball. - $ropagation of "ncertainty heory efinition of Viscosity % ynamic and &inematic Viscosity and their dimensions ' (asic theory of Viscosity and the effect of temperature #ssumptions in using Falling !phere Viscometer. )o variation in the diameter of the !pherical ball - *onstant room temperature and of fluid +hose viscosity is to be measured !lannin" imensional #nalysis Measuring Viscosity by an alternative method %eg. "sing discharge method ,laminar flo+ through a narro+ tube- or tor.ue method' and +hich +ill give less uncertainty. "ncertainty in ta/ing the readings. "ncertainty in timing the falling sphere 0hich variable is expected to influence uncertainty propagation est Ri" ra+ the figure for the experimental setup % use s/etches1 diagrams or photographs' escription of the setup - 2o+ much Fluid +as ta/en - 2o+ many ball +ere selected and +hat material - *riterion for selecting the balls of different materials 2o+ each instrument +as used for ta/ing the readings %eg. !top+atch1 ruler' !rocedure % i ' Viscosity and ensity Measurement 2o+ +as the experiment started 2o+ +ere the balls dropped and timed. 0hat +as the distance traveled by the ball 2o+ +as the Volume ta/en 2o+ +as the mass calculated 2o+ +ere the readings recorded 2o+ +ere the readings tabulated %refer to table numbers' %ii' "ncertainty #nalysis 2o+ +ere the readings ta/en 2o+ +ere the readings tabulated %refer to table numbers' "ncertainty $ropagation

$age 3 of 4 - "ncertainty in measuring 1 ,

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Results ata of the experiment - 5ength of travel of the ball - 6oom temperature etc. - #ctual Viscosity and density of the Fluid from the manufacturer 7able-8 for Viscosity calculation *alculation of Viscosity for each ball. 7able-3 for "ncertainty #nalysis in the diameter of the ball *alculation of "ncertainty #nalysis in the diameter of the ball "ncertainty of measuring Fluid Viscosity and ensity Discussion 0hat is the viscosity calculated for each ball %refer to table and calculations' Is the viscosity obtained by using all the three ball same 2o+ much +as the difference +as it greater 6easons for the above viscosity difference if any. 0hat +as the density obtained 0hat do you read from 7able-3 0hat does it say about uncertainty 2o+ +as the uncertainty calculated *omment on the above result #onclusion *alculated value of 1 , % +ith "' 2o+ did the uncertainty in diameter effect the viscosity 2o+ can the uncertainty and Errors be reduced 2o+ can the experiment be improved ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Equations "sing one ball F = 0 %0eight and (uoyancy force and drag' rag for very small 6eynolds number 9 3f Vt d s %"se dimensional analysis to prove this e.uation'
f =
gd s ( s f ) 18Vt

$ascal - sec +here Vt 9 terminal velocity of the ball +ith diameter ds

"sing t+o balls of different materials for the same fluid and at same temperature d s21 ( s1 f ) d s22 ( s2 f ) = and f can be calculated in &g:m4 V t1 Vt2 Dimensional $nalysis 7o establish the physical la+ of rag Force fn = ds , Vt , "sing -theorem prove that drag force , Vt , d s 7hen for falling sphere % diameter ds' in e.uilibrium

F = 0
3

$age 4 of 4 rag force 9 W- FB

2 gd s 3 ( ) 7herefore 9 gd s

Vt