MEC 2910: Fluid Mechanics Tutorial Sheet - 5 1) Water flows at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe as shown in the figure.

The reversing elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm2 at the inlet and 7 cm2 at the outlet. The elevation difference between the centers of the inlet and outlet is 30 cm. Neglecting the weight of the elbow and the water, determine the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place. 2) Water is accelerated by a nozzle to an average speed of 20 m/s, and strikes a stationary vertical plate at a rate of 10 kg/s with a normal velocity of 20 m/s. Determine the force needed to prevent the plate from moving horizontally.

3) Water flows at a rate of 70 L/min through a flange faucet with a partially closed gate valve spigot. The inner diameter of the pipe at the location of the flange is 2 cm, an the pressure is 90 kPa. The total weight of the faucet assembly plus the water is 57 N. Calculate the net force on the flange.

4) A 60 kg ice skater is standing on ice with ice skates (negligible friction). She is holding a flexible hose (essentially weightless) that directs a 2 cm diameter stream of water horizontally parallel to her skates, The water velocity at the hose outlet is 10 m/s relative to the skater. If she is initially standing still, determine (a) the velocity of the skater and the distance she travels in 5 s and (b) how long it will take to move 5m and the velocity at that moment.

5) Water accelerated by a nozzle to 20 m/s strikes the cart as shown in the figure at a constant velocity of 5 m/s in the flow direction with a mass flow rate of 30 kg/s. Determine (a) the force that is needed to be applied by the brakes of the cart to prevent it from accelerating and (b) the maximum amount of power that could ideally be generated if this force were used to generate power instead of wasting it on the brakes. 6) A 10 cm diameter horizontal water jet having a velocity of 37 m/s strikes a curved plate, which deflects the water 180 at the same speed. Ignoring the frictional effects, determine the force required to hold the plate against the water stream.

7) A 2.8 m3 /s water jet is moving in the positive x-direction at 6 m/s. The stream hits a stationary splitter as shown in the figure. The velocity of both streams after hitting the plate is 5 m/s. Disregarding gravitational effects, determine the horizontal and vertical components of the force required to hold the splitter in place

8) An incompressible fluid of density and viscosity flows through a curved duct as shown in the figure. Write an expression for the horizontal force Fx of the fluid on the walls of the duct in terms of the given variables. (b) At what turning angle is the force maximum.