ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BREAKER

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INTRODUCTION
An circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. ircuit breakers are made in varying si!es, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. "his pro#ect is the related with the automation of currently available circuit breakers. "his pro#ect

SCOPE OF PROJECT
"his device is very useful to protect any electrical appliance from breakdown caused by over current (or voltage)."he overall system of electronics circuit breaker is more dynamic than other circuit breaker as acurrent can be controlled according to the need of the system. "he electronic ckt breaker is vastly used in$ %ower bus circuit breaker &egulator over current protection 'attery shut circuit protection (ensitive system power interrupt

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

LOAD 1

LOAD 2

8051
Relay

RECTIFIER CURRENT TRANSFORMER

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO !"# $ICROCONTROLLER$

)hen we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiari!e about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also to know about the si!e, number and the si!e of the registers. A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the %U), non-volatile memory for the program (&*+ or flash), volatile memory for input and output (&A+), a clock and an I,* control unit. Also called a -computer on a chip,- billions of microcontroller units (+ Us) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. .or e/ample, a single vehicle can use 01 or more microcontrollers. "he following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller.

%&"': "he A"23(45 is a low-power, high-performance +*( 2-bit microcontroller with 26 bytes of insystem programmable .lash memory. "he device is manufactured using Atmel7s high-density nonvolatile

memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 21 48 instruction set and pinout. "he on-chip .lash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. 'y combining a versatile 2-bit %U with in-system programmable .lash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel9s A"23(45 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-fle/ible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. "he A"23(45 provides the following standard features$ 26 bytes of .lash, 54: bytes of &A+, ;5 I,* lines, )atchdog timer, two data pointers, three 8:-bit timer,counters, a si/-vector twolevel interrupt architecture, a full duple/ serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the A"23(45 is designed with static logic for operation down to !ero fre<uency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. "he Idle +ode stops the %U while allowing the &A+, timer,counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. "he %ower-down mode saves the &A+ con-tents but free!es the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the ne/t interrupt "he hardware is driven by a set of program instructions, or software. *nce familiar with hardware and software, the user can then apply the microcontroller to the problems easily. "he pin diagram of the 2148 shows all of the input,output pins uni<ue to microcontrollers$

"he following are some of the capabilities of 2148 microcontroller. Internal &*+ and &A+ I,* ports with programmable pins "imers and counters (erial data communication

"he 2148 architecture consists of these specific features$ 8: bit % =data pointer (>%"&)

2 bit program status word (%()) 2 bit stack pointer ((%) Internal &*+ ?k Internal &A+ of 852 bytes. ? register banks, each containing 2 registers 21 bits of general purpose data memory ;5 input,output pins arranged as four 2 bit ports$%1-%; "wo 8: bit timer,counters$ "1-"8 "wo e/ternal and three internal interrupt sources *scillator and clock circuits

.or any electronics pro#ect the power supply plays a very important role in its proper functioning. In this pro#ect we are using e/ternal A. supply (551 v) as input , this high voltage is converted into 85 @olts A. by step down transformer , then we use voltage regulators and filters with bridge rectifier to convert the A. into >. voltage . .or voltage regulation we are using A+ 0214 and 0285 to produce ripple free 4 and 85 volts >. supply. constant

References 8051 and embedded s s!em" b Ma#$d$ and Ma#$d$

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