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Evolution of Management & Organization Thoughts Period

Nature Of Society

Pre 1800
AGRARIAN

1880-1930

1930-1960
INDUSTRIAL

1960

1970 onward
POST- INDUSTRIAL

Locus of Work
Nature Of Work

Form/Home
Physical Agr./Craft

Factory
Physical Manufacturing Social Services

Office
Abstract Computer Mediated

Key Resources

LAND
PRE SCIENTIFIC

MACHINERY
CLASSICAL Scientific Mgt Admin theory Bureaucracy NEOCLASSICAL H.Relation Management Science
Behavioral Science

KNOWLEDGE
MODERN THEORIES System View Contingency Theories Information Theory

Mgt. & Org. Theory


Assumptions About Human Nature Focus of Managerial Control Role of Management

Economic Man
Pattern of Physical Movement & Precise Ways of performing Work

Social Person

Self Actualized Man


Patterns of Social Interaction Maintains Employees social system

Complex Man
Pattern Of Attention
Facilitates Employees Development

Control Employees Behavior

Evolution of Organization and Management Theory toward Systems Concepts and Contingency Views

TRADITIONAL VIEWS

MODIFICATIONS

EMERGING APPROACHES

Scientific Management Efficient Task performance Management Science Economic-Technical

SYSTEM CONCEPTS

CONTINGENCY VIEWS Organization Design and management practice based on understanding configurations among subsystems and interactions among relevant variables in specific situations

Bureaucratic Model Authority & Structure

Technical subsystem

Structural Managerial subsystem subsystem


Psychosocial subsystem Administrative Theory Universal Principles of Management Behavioral Sciences Psychological, social, cultural Issues

Goals & Values subsystem

The Classical Approach to the study of organization and Management

ENVIRONMENT
Static, Stable, Predictable Structure Size Hierarchical Level Span of Control Line & Staff
Critical dimension End Products

TASK High Effectiveness for well structured tasks

Process Objective Setting Planning, Organizing, Deciding, staffing, Evaluating, directing Controlling etc. Values Traditional Maximum Production Affluence, Coercion Dependence

ORGANIZATION

Human Meets Physiological & Safety Needs

Methods of Research

Dysfunctions Displacement of ends Going by the Book Red Tap, Rigidity Limited Capacity to Innovate

Cases

Memories of Great Mangers

Neoclassical Approach to the study of organization and Management

Environment Ignored

Structure Formal or Informal


Critical dimension End Products

TASK Supposed: High Achievements Actual: Moderate Human Supposed: High Satisfaction Actual: Fairly High

Process Consultation and Participation

ORGANIZATION

Values People matters Employees Centered Logic of sentiments Participative


Observations

Methods of Research

Dysfunctions Conflict & Disagreement

Interviews

The System Approach to the study of Organization and Management

ENVIRONMENT
Unstable & Uncertain: The Flow of Information

Structure Complex Layout of Information Coupling & decoupling Process Probabilistic Search Data Processing Decision Making Production Processing Feedback system Values Openness Control level of surprise Rejection of Linear Causation

TASK Complex Automated Achievement sub-optimized TECHNOLOGY


Critical dimension End Products

Human INFORMATION SYSTEM Induces stress

Dysfunctions Methods of Research Too Sophisticated Too Expensive

Simulation

Modeling

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