Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nature Of Society
Pre 1800
AGRARIAN
1880-1930
1930-1960
INDUSTRIAL
1960
1970 onward
POST- INDUSTRIAL
Locus of Work
Nature Of Work
Form/Home
Physical Agr./Craft
Factory
Physical Manufacturing Social Services
Office
Abstract Computer Mediated
Key Resources
LAND
PRE SCIENTIFIC
MACHINERY
CLASSICAL Scientific Mgt Admin theory Bureaucracy NEOCLASSICAL H.Relation Management Science
Behavioral Science
KNOWLEDGE
MODERN THEORIES System View Contingency Theories Information Theory
Economic Man
Pattern of Physical Movement & Precise Ways of performing Work
Social Person
Complex Man
Pattern Of Attention
Facilitates Employees Development
Evolution of Organization and Management Theory toward Systems Concepts and Contingency Views
TRADITIONAL VIEWS
MODIFICATIONS
EMERGING APPROACHES
SYSTEM CONCEPTS
CONTINGENCY VIEWS Organization Design and management practice based on understanding configurations among subsystems and interactions among relevant variables in specific situations
Technical subsystem
ENVIRONMENT
Static, Stable, Predictable Structure Size Hierarchical Level Span of Control Line & Staff
Critical dimension End Products
Process Objective Setting Planning, Organizing, Deciding, staffing, Evaluating, directing Controlling etc. Values Traditional Maximum Production Affluence, Coercion Dependence
ORGANIZATION
Methods of Research
Dysfunctions Displacement of ends Going by the Book Red Tap, Rigidity Limited Capacity to Innovate
Cases
Environment Ignored
TASK Supposed: High Achievements Actual: Moderate Human Supposed: High Satisfaction Actual: Fairly High
ORGANIZATION
Methods of Research
Interviews
ENVIRONMENT
Unstable & Uncertain: The Flow of Information
Structure Complex Layout of Information Coupling & decoupling Process Probabilistic Search Data Processing Decision Making Production Processing Feedback system Values Openness Control level of surprise Rejection of Linear Causation
Simulation
Modeling