Architecture 324

Structures II Structures II
Steel Column
Analysis and Design y g
Failure Modes
Effects of Slenderness
Stress Analysis of Steel Columns
Capacity Analysis of Steel Columns
Design of Steel Columns
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 1/14
Analysis of Steel Columns
Affect of Slenderness:
Short columns crush
r
KL
s slendernes =
Short columns crush
Intermediate columns crush
& buckle
Long columns buckle Long columns buckle
Slenderness Limits:
M h t & i t di t
E
2
2t
Max short & intermediate
limit
M l li it
y
c
F
E
C
2t
=
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 2/14
Max long limit
200
Analysis of Steel Columns
Estimate of K:
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 3/14
Analysis of Steel Columns
Short & Intermediate Columns:
2
2
2
) / (
1
y
c
F
C
r Kl
F
(

=
( )
3
3
8
/
8
) / ( 3
3
5
c c
a
C
r Kl
C
r Kl
F
+
Long Columns:
( )
2
2
/ 23
12
r Kl
E
F
a
t
=
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 4/14
Analysis of Steel Columns
pass /fail by ASD pass /fail by ASD
Data:
Column size, length
Support conditions Support conditions
Material properties Fy
Applied load - Pactual
Required: Required:
factual < Fallowable to pass
1. Calculate slenderness ratios.
The largest ratio governs.
2 Check slenderness ratio against upper limit of 200
2
2
2
) / (
1
y
c
F
C
r Kl
F
(

=
2. Check slenderness ratio against upper limit of 200
3. Calculate Cc and determine column type (sort or long)
4. Calulate Fa based on slenderness
5 Determine act al stress f P/A
( )
3
3
8
/
8
) / ( 3
3
5
c c
a
C
r Kl
C
r Kl
F
+
=
or
5. Determine actual stress f = P/A
6. If f
a
< F
a
, then OK
( )
2
2
/ 23
12
r Kl
E
F
a
t
=
or
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 5/14
Analysis of Steel
Columns Columns
pass /fail by ASD
Data:
Column size, length
Support conditions
Material properties Fy
Applied load - Pactual Applied load Pactual
Required:
factual < Fallowable to pass
1. Calculate slenderness ratios.
The largest ratio governs The largest ratio governs.
2. Check slenderness ratio against
upper limit of 200
3 Calculate Cc and determine 3. Calculate Cc and determine
column type (sort or long)
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 6/14
Analysis of Steel
Columns Columns
pass /fail by ASD
3. Calculate Cc and determine
column type (sort or long)
4. Calulate Fa based on
slenderness
5 D t i t l t f P/A 5. Determine actual stress f = P/A
6. If f
a
< F
a
, then OK
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 7/14
Analysis of Steel Columns
capacity by ASD capacity by ASD
Data:
Column size, length
Support conditions Support conditions
Material properties Fy
Required:
Max load capacity Max load capacity
1. Calculate slenderness ratios.
The largest ratio governs.
2. Check slenderness ratio against upper limit of 200
2
2
2
) / (
1
y
c
F
C
r Kl
F
(

=
g pp
3. Calculate Cc and determine column type (sort or long)
4. Calulate Fa based on slenderness
5 Set fa = Fa
( )
3
3
8
/
8
) / ( 3
3
5
c c
a
C
r Kl
C
r Kl
F
+
=
or
5. Set fa = Fa
6. Compute allowable capacity: Pallowable = Fallow A
( )
2
2
/ 23
12
r Kl
E
F
a
t
=
or
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 8/14
Stress Tables
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 9/14
Analysis of Steel Columns
b AISC ASD by AISC-ASD
Data:
C l i l th Column size, length
Support conditions
Material properties Fy
Applied load - Pactual Applied load Pactual
Required:
Pactual < Pallowable
1. Calculate slenderness ratios.
largest ratio governs.
2 In AISC Table look up F for given 2. In AISC Table look up Fa for given
slenderness ratio.
3. Compute: Pallowable = Fa A.
4. Check column adequacy: q y
Pactual < Pallowable
5. Note: Factor of Safety varies from 1.67
for Kl/r = 1 up to 1.92 for larger Kl/r
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 10/14
Design of Steel Columns
ith AISC ASD T bl with AISC-ASD Tables
Data: Data:
Column length
Support conditions
Material properties Fy
A li d l d P Applied load - Pactual
Required:
Column Size Column Size
1. Enter table with height.
2. Read allowable load for each section to
find the smallest adequate size.
3. Tables assume weak axis buckling. If
the strong axis controls the length must the strong axis controls the length must
be divide by the ratio rx/ry
4. Values stop in table (black line) at
slenderness limit, KL/r = 200
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 11/14
Design of Steel Columns
by ASD by ASD
Data:
Column length
Support conditions
Material properties Fy
Applied load - Pactual
Required:
Column section
1. Use the Euler equation to solve for I for both x and
y axis.
2. Enter the section tables and find the least weight 23 ) (
2
l K P
I
x x
g
section that satisfies BOTH Ix and Iy.
3. Check the slenderness ratios are both < 200.
4. Analyze the selected section to check pass/fail.
12
) (
2
=
E
I
x x
x
t
4. Analyze the selected section to check pass/fail.
5. Check utilization ratio: fa/Fa
if ratio > 1.0 (fails) try larger section
if ratio < 0 9 ~ 0 7 try smaller section
12
23
) (
2
2
=
E
l K P
I
y y
y
t
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 12/14
if ratio < 0.9 ~ 0.7 try smaller section
Determining K factors
b AISC by AISC
Sidesway Inhibited:
f Braced frame
1.0 > K > 0.5
Sidesway Uninhibited: Sidesway Uninhibited:
Un-braced frame
unstable > K > 1.0
If I c/Lc is large
and I g/Lg is small
The connection is more pinned The connection is more pinned
If I c/Lc is small
and I g/Lg is large g g g
The connection is more fixed
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 13/14
Steel Frame Construction
University of Michigan North Quad
University of Michigan, TCAUP Structures II Slide 14/14
University of Michigan North Quad