PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) SHEET 40 of 131 Design

Columns for the lightest W10's and W12's section. Columns are to be sized for two options: Option I Continuous, Option II with Splices. Then prices are to be compared to select most economical option. Both explicit calculations or Column Design Tables may be used. COLUMN B-2 LOAD TAKEOFF Dead load (psf) Penthouse Roof = 30 Penthouse Floor = 100 Roof = 30 rd 3 Floor = 61 2nd Floor = 61 Tributary Areas (At): At 1 = At 2 = At 3 = Plan View At 1 30
Penthouse

Live load (psf) 20 80 20 80 80

KLL= Fy (ksi)= Bold Numbers are Roof Live Loads

4 50

Width (ft) 36 18 At 1 - At 2 =

Length (ft) 30 15 810 At 1 (floors) :

DL = 61 psf LL = 80 psf

1080 270

At 2 (penthouse floor) :
DL = 100 psf

At 3 30 At 2

LL = 80 psf

At 3 (roof) :
DL = 30 psf

36

36

LL = 20 psf

Note: Live load reduction can be applied in accordance with ASCE 7-02 section 4.8.1 (see ASCE 7-02 Eq. 4-1) L = Lo*(0.25+15/AI^0.5) ASCE 7-02 Eq. 4-1 Use the larger of: L = reduced design live load value in psf Lo = unreduced live load in psf AI = influence area AI = Tributary area *KLL L > 0.5*Lo L > 0.4*Lo (columns supporting one floor) (columns supporting two or more floors)

if AI > 400 ft^2 live load reduction is allowed AI (1) = AI (2) = 4320 1080 psf, thus use = psf, thus use = psf, thus use = >400 ft^2 >400 ft^2 38 38 57

38 psf > 32 L (3rd floor) = 38 psf > 32 L (penthouse floor) = 57 psf > 40 Note: Roof Live loads are NOT allowed to be Reduced
L (2nd floor) =

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET Notation:
fPn - design compressive strength, kips Fcr - critical design force lc - width-thickness ratio Ag - gross area of member, in2 Fy - specified yield strength, ksi E - modulus of elasticity, ksi K - effective length factor l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

SHEET 41 of 131

Begin Load Takeoff from roof and proceed downward: From Ground floor to 2nd floor:
dead loads (psf) Pnth Roof Pnth Floor Roof 3rd Floor 2
nd

live loads (psf) 20 57 20 38 38

30 100 30 61 61

Floor

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load] Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) = Pu (Pnth Floor) = Pu (Roof) = Pu (3rd Floor) = Pu (2nd Floor) =

68 210 68 134 134

psf psf psf psf psf

* A2 = * A2 = * A3 = * A1 = * A1 = sum =

18 57 55 145 145 421

kips kips kips kips kips kips kips

PU = Note: Use column B2 for ALL Interior Columns.

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421

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) SHEET 42 of 131 COLUMN DESIGN From Ground floor to 2nd floor: Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD) may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section selected and its capacity. Analysis fPn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr Fcr = (.658lc^2) * Fy when lc < 1.5 Fcr = (0.877 / lc2) * Fy when lc > 1.5 lc = (K * L/p * r) * (Fy / E)0.5

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Pu =

421

kips

Fy = K= L= E=

50 1 13.00 29000

ksi ft ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start lc = 0.7930 Fcr = 38.4 ksi in2 Ag = 12.88

LRFD p.4-25 Check W 12: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W12x53 15.6 2.48 2.11 5.23 in in in in
2

KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ?

29.8 62.9 0.83 37.4 496.4 Section OK

LRFD p.4-26 Check W 10: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W10x49 14.4 2.54 1.71 4.35 in2 in in in KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ? 35.9 61.4 0.81 37.9 464.5 Section OK

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET Notation:
fPn - design compressive strength, kips Fcr - critical design force lc - width-thickness ratio Ag - gross area of member, in2 Fy - specified yield strength, ksi E - modulus of elasticity, ksi K - effective length factor l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

SHEET 43 of 131

From Ground 2nd floor to 3rd floor:

dead loads (psf) Pnth Roof Pnth Floor Roof 3 Floor 2nd Floor
rd

live loads (psf) 20 57 20 38 -

30 100 30 61 -

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load] Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) = Pu (Pnth Floor) = Pu (Roof) = Pu (3rd Floor) =

68 210 68 134

psf psf psf psf

* A2 = * A2 = * A3 = * A1 = sum =

18 57 55 145 275

kips kips kips kips kips

PU =

275

kips

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) SHEET 44 of 131 COLUMN DESIGN From Ground 2nd floor to 3rd floor: Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD) may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section selected and its capacity. Analysis fPn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr Fcr = (.658lc^2) * Fy when lc < 1.5 Fcr = (0.877 / lc2) * Fy when lc > 1.5 lc = (K * L/p * r) * (Fy / E)0.5 Fy = K= L= E=

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27) 50 1 13.00 29000 ksi ft ksi

Pu =

275

kips

Assume KL/r = 60 to start lc = 0.7930 Fcr = 38.4 ksi in2 Ag = 8.43

LRFD p.4-25 Check W 12: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W12x40 11.7 1.94 2.64 5.13 in2 in in in KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ? 30.4 80.4 1.06 31.2 309.9 Section OK

LRFD p.4-26 Check W 10: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W10x39 11.5 1.98 2.16 4.27 in in in in
2

KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ?

36.5 78.8 1.04 31.8 310.4 Section OK

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET Notation:
fPn - design compressive strength, kips Fcr - critical design force lc - width-thickness ratio Ag - gross area of member, in2 Fy - specified yield strength, ksi E - modulus of elasticity, ksi K - effective length factor l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

SHEET 45 of 131

From 3rd floor to roof level:

dead loads (psf) Pnth Roof Pnth Floor Roof 3rd Floor 2
nd

live loads (psf) 20 57 20 -

30 100 30 -

Floor

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load] Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) = Pu (Pnth Floor) = Pu (Roof) =

68 210 68

psf psf psf

* A2 = * A2 = * A3 =

18 57 55

kips kips kips

sum =

130

kips kips

PU =

130

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) SHEET 46 of 131 COLUMN DESIGN From 3rd floor to roof level: Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD) may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section selected and its capacity. Analysis fPn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr Fcr = (.658lc^2) * Fy when lc < 1.5 Fcr = (0.877 / lc2) * Fy when lc > 1.5 lc = (K * L/p * r) * (Fy / E)0.5

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Pu =

130

kips

Fy = K= L= E=

50 1 13.00 29000

ksi ft ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start lc = 0.7930 Fcr = 38.4 ksi in2 Ag = 3.99

LRFD p.4-25 Check W 12: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W12x26 7.65 1.51 3.42 5.17 in in in in
2

KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ?

30.2 103.3 1.37 22.9 149.0 Section OK

LRFD p.4-26 Check W 10: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W10x30 8.84 1.37 2.16 4.38 in2 in in in KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ? 35.6 113.9 1.51 19.4 145.5 Section OK

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN From roof level to penthouse:
dead loads (psf) Pnth Roof Pnth Floor Roof 3rd Floor 2nd Floor 30 live loads (psf) 20 -

SHEET 47 of 131

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load] Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) =

68

psf

* A2 =

18

kips

sum =

18

kips

PU =

18

kips

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) SHEET 48 of 131 COLUMN DESIGN From roof level to penthouse: Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD) may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section selected and its capacity. Analysis fPn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr Fcr = (.658lc^2) * Fy when lc < 1.5 Fcr = (0.877 / lc2) * Fy when lc > 1.5 lc = (K * L/p * r) * (Fy / E)0.5

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27) (Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Pu =

18

kips

Fy = K= L= E=

50 1 13.00 29000

ksi ft ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start lc = 0.7930 Fcr = 38.4 ksi in2 Ag = 0.56

LRFD p.4-25 Check W 12: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = LRFD p.4-26 Check W 10: Select Ag = ry = rx/ry = rx = W8x24 7.08 1.61 2.12 3.42 in2 in in in KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ? 45.6 96.9 1.28 25.2 151.5 Section OK W8x24 7.08 1.61 2.12 3.42 in2 in in in KL/rx = KL/ry = lc = Fcr = fPn = fPn > Pu ? 45.6 96.9 1.28 25.2 151.5 Section OK

Lab Note: When beams and girders are framed to columns with simple shear connections, the columns are usually designed as concentrically loaded members.

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN SPLICED vs CONTINOUS

SHEET 49 of 131

Steel Prices per ton = Wt of additional splice (lb)b = W10's Analysis Continous: Member W10x49
Wt. / ft (lb)=

$1,600 500

Length (ft) 52 49

Weight (tons) 1.274 Total cost =

Cost $2,038 $2,038

All columns spliced: Member Length (ft) W10x49 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 49 W10x39 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 39 W10x30 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 30 W8x24 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 24 3 splice =

Weight (tons) 0.3185 0.2535 0.195 0.156 0.75 Total cost =

Cost $510 $406 $312 $250 $1,200 $2,677

TOTAL COST =

$2,038.40

Answer: Continuous columns are more economical

b -- indicates general value according to Modern Steel Construction. April 2000.

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse) COLUMN DESIGN SPLICED vs CONTINOUS

SHEET 50 of 131

Steel Prices per ton = Wt of additional splice (lb)b = W12's Analysis Continous: Member W12x53
Wt. / ft (lb)=

$1,600 500

Length (ft) 52 53

Weight (tons) 1.378 Total cost =

Cost $2,205 $2,205

All columns spliced: Member Length (ft) W12x53 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 53 W12x40 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 40 W12x26 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 26 W8x24 13 Wt. / ft (lb)= 24 3 splice =

Weight (tons) 0.3445 0.26 0.169 0.156 0.75 Total cost =

Cost $551 $416 $270 $250 $1,200 $2,687

TOTAL COST =

$2,204.80

Answer: Continuous columns are more economical

Use : W10's sections Continuous columns are more economical Total cost = $2,038.40

b - indicates general value according to Modern Steel Construction, April 2000

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