UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER

BENT 4731 ELECTRONIC LABORATORY (WIRELESS COMMUNICATION) 3

LAB SESSION 2

TRUNKING AND GRADE OF SERVICE OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM

Prepared by: Department of Telecommunication Engineering (AZAHARI BIN SALLEH) Sem 1, 2012/2013

LAB 2: TRUNKING AND GRADE OF SERVICE OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM

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Objective: i. To study the trunking concept in cellular radio system. ii. To plot blocking probability chart as a function of channel and traffic intensity in Erlang B and Erlang C systems. iii. To design and analysis the grade of service of cellular radio system. Equipment/Software: Matlab 7.0 Theory:

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Cellular radio system depends on trunking to accommodate a large number of users in limited radio spectrum. Each users is allocated a channel on a per-call basis. The trunking theory was developed by Erlang in late 19th century. The unit of traffic intensity is now call erlang. 1 erlang represents the traffic intensity of a channel that is completely occupied. For large system, the calls from users are random, and satisfy Poisons distribution. Assume the total call arrival is calls per second, the probability of call service time, t longer than T is given by: Pr (t > T ) = e T , T > 0 Where the average interval for call is 1 . Define Ttr = measure in erlang then Ttr is the average traffic offered in the unit of users (channels). Two models are usually used to characterize the Erlang capacity: loss call clearing (LCC) and lost call hold (LCH). The LCC models can be used to compute the blocking probability of a time/frequency slot system by one base station (BS). The probability of call blocking is given by:

Nc the number of available channel. This equation is known as the Erlang B equation. The blocking probability during the busiest hour is defined as the grade of service (GoS), which must estimated by the system designer. The GoS for the AMPS system was designed as 2%. It means 2 out of 100 calls will be blocked due to the channel occupancy during busiest hour. The blocking probability for different values of Nc and Ttr given by above equation is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Block probability of Erlang B The Erlang C system is based on the LCH model and gives a probability of a user being on hold where there is no available channel. The blocking probability is the probability of a new call when there are Nc or more users in a system. The Erlang C equation is:

The blocking probability for different values of Nc and Ttr given by above equation is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Block probability of Erlang C

If no channels are immediately available the call is delayed, and the probability that the delayed call is forced to wait more than t seconds is given by the probability that a call is delayed multiplied by the conditional probability that the delay is greater than t seconds. The GoS of a trunked system where blocked call is hence delay given by; Pr[delayed > t] = Pr[delayed > 0]. Pr[delayed > t|delay > 0] = Pr[delayed > 0]. exp(-(C A)t / H) 4.0 Procedure

Part A: Block Probability of Erlang B 1. In order to plot the Erlang B chart, complete the Matlab code below. The coding is based on Erlang B equation. Hint: using for command. Matlab Code:
clc; clear all; close all; N_C = [1,2,3,4,5,10,20,40,80]; T_tr = [0.1:0.1:100]; % Erlang B equation ***Write your MATLAB code here*** figure loglog(T_tr, Pr_block(1,:),'-b', T_tr, Pr_block(2,:),'-b', T_tr, Pr_block(3,:),'-b', T_tr, Pr_block(4,:),'-b',T_tr, Pr_block(5,:),'-b', ... T_tr, Pr_block(6,:),'-b', T_tr, Pr_block(7,:),'-b', T_tr, Pr_block(8,:),'-b',T_tr, Pr_block(9,:),'-b') xlabel('{\itT}_{tr} (erlangs)'), ylabel('Pr_{block}'); axis([0.1 100 1e-4 1]) text(2.e-1,0.15,'{\itN}_c=1') text(3.2e-1,3e-2,'2') text(4.8e-1,1e-2,'3') text(7.2e-1,5e-3,'4') text(1.2,3e-3,'5') text(3.4,1.5e-3,'10') text(9.8,9e-4,'20') text(24,7e-4,'40') text(40,6e-4,'{\itN}_c=80') title('Blocking probability of Erlang B'); grid

%Number of channel

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Study the result and insert a simple comment for every line of Matlab code.

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Based on simulation result in step (1), analyzed the trunking system in certain area by determine the maximum the carried traffic per cell and the maximum number of users that can be served by the system for a blocking probability of 1 % and cluster size N = 4. The design of cellular system of area will covered 84 cell and 300 voice channels are available for the system. Users are uniformly distributed over the area covered by the cellular system and the offered traffic per user is 0.04 Erlang.

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Repeat step (3) for cluster sizes, N = 7 and 12.

Part B: Block Probability of Erlang C 1. 2. 3. Develop the Matlab Code for plot the block probability of Erlang C. Study the result and insert a simple comment for every line of Matlab code. Based on results in step(1), determine the probability that call will be delayed to more than 5 seconds. The design of cellular system is based on following specifications (Table 1).

Table 1: Cellular Radio System Specification

Parameter No of Channel Cluster Size, N Average number of call requests, Traffic Intensity/user Grade of Service (GoS) for Erlang C Value 96 12 2 call/hour 0.01 Erlang 4%

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Result Attach the all results including tables, figures (completely labels) and any related calculations. Discussion Discuss and analyzed your results and also including comparison, problem, suggestion. Every figure must be explained clearly. Question i) What happen to trunking system if the GoS increase to 3% in Part A. Explain. ii) Compare the characteristic of block probability between Erlang B and Erlang C. iii) Give two reasons why GoS is important for cellular radio system.

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