Derivacije i pravila za deriviranje - zadaci za vjebu

Definicija derivacije:
Ako je zadana funkcija
) (x f y
njena derivacija se defininira kao:
x
y
y
x

0
lim
Tablica osnovnih derivacija:
( ) 0

c , gdje je c konstanta
( )
1

n n
nx x ,
x x
n za posebno
2
1 1

2
1

,
_

i za n=1 1 x
( ) ( ) x x x x sin cos , cos sin

( ) ( )
x
ctgx
x
tgx
2 2
sin
1
,
cos
1

( ) ( )
2 2
1
1
arccos ,
1
1
arcsin
x
x
x
x

( ) ( )
2 2
1
1
,
1
1
x
arcctgx
x
arctgx
+

( ) ( )
x x x x
e e posebno a a a

ln
( ) ( )
x
x posebno
a x
x
a
1
ln
ln
1
log

Osnovna pravila za deriviranje

Derivacija zbroja: ( ) v u v u +

+
Derivacija razlike: ( ) v u v u

Derivacija umnoka: ( ) v u v u v u +

Derivacija funkcije pomnoene s konstantom: ( ) u C Cu

Derivacija kvocijenta:
2
v
v u v u
v
u

,
_

ZADACI
1
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 12 ! 0 1 2 " # ! " 2 # ) " 2 # (
" 2 #
2 # 2 # " ! " !
" !
+ +

+
+
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x x x y
2
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 12 ! 0 1 2 " # ! " 2 # ) " 2 # (
" 2 #
2 # 2 # " ! " !
" !
+ +

+
+
x x x x x x x x x x y
x x x y
"
( ) ( )
" " 2
2
2 2
"
1
# ! , 0 2
"
1
0 ! , 0
"
1
#
1
! , 0
"
1
#
1
#
#
x x x x x x x y
x x x y
+ +

,
_

+
#
b ax y c bx ax y + + + 2
2
!
a
x
y
"
!

2 2 "
1!
"
! !
x
a
x
a
x
a
y

,
_

$
( )
1 1

+ +
+ + +
n m m n m m
t m m b amt y bt at y
%
2 2
!
!
2 2 2 2
$
2 2 2 2
$
$
$
b a
ax
x
b a
a
b a
b
x
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a
y
b a
b ax
y
+

+

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_

+
+
+

+
+

&
( )
2
2 1 '
) 1 ( 2 ln ( ) 2 ln
x
x
x
y

+ +

Drugi na*in po pravilu za +eriviranje kvocijenta:
2 2
0 ) 2 ln
x x
x x
x
y

+

+
,
( )
#
2
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"
1
1 "
1
2
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+ + x x x x x x x x x y
10
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x x
b
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a
y +

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( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
b( a b( a b( a
)
dx c
ad bc
dx c
bdx ad bdx bc
dx c
d dx c b
dx c
dx c dx c
dx c
bx a
y
+

+
+

+
+ +

+ + +

+

+
+

1"
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
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2
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! !
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)
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+

+
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+
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+ + +

+

+
+

x x
x x
x x
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x x
x x x x
x x
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2
2
2
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)
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)
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1
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+ +

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1$
( ) x x x x y sin " cos ! sin( ' " !cos( ) cos " sin ! + +
1%
x
x
x x
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#
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2
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2
2
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2
cos sin
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cos sin
cos 2 sin 2
cos sin
sin cos cos sin cos sin cos sin sin cos sin cos
cos sin
sin cos cos sin cos sin sin cos
cos sin
cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin
)
cos sin
cos sin
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x x
y

+ +

1,
( ) ( )( )
t t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t t y
sin sin 2 sin - cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
sin 2 ' 2tcost ' 2tcost 2sint ) cos 2 sin 2
2 2
2 2
+ +
+
20
0
( 1
1
( 1
1
)
2 2

+

+
+ arcctgx arctgx y
21
2 2
1
arcsin
1
1
arcsin 1 arcsin
x
x
x
x
x x y x x y

+
22
x
x
ctgx
x
xctgx y
2 2
sin sin
1
( ctg( 1 )

,
_

+
2"
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) xractgx xarctgx
x
x xarctgx x arctgx x
x arctgx x
y
+

1
]
1

+
+ + +
+

1 1 2
2
1
1
1
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)
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1
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2#
( ) x e x e x e e x y
x x x x
+ + % %( )
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xe e xe e e x e x y + + 1 e 1 ) 1
(
2$
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2
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e
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e x e x
e
x
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)
#
2
#
2
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x x x
sin cos sin cos e ) cos
(
+
2,
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x x x x x x x
e x e xe e x e xe e x x e e x x y
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ' 2( ) 2 2 + + + + +
"0

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_

+
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(
1
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1
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x
x e
x
e x x e y
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( )
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x x
x
x x x
x
x
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x
x
y
2 2 2
2
2
ln
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ln
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ln
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)
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x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x y
x
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"
1 1
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1
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ln
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"
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1 ' 0
)
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x
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x x
x
x x
x
x
x
a x
a
x
x x x a x x y
a
1
10 ln
ln 2 1
10 ln
ln
10 ln
ln
ln
1
ln
10 ln
1
ln log
(
1
) log ln log ln
+
+
Pravilo za deriviranje sloene funkcije
Ako je funkcija sloena
) (u f y
, gdje je
) (x u u
tada se funkcija drivira po pravilu:
x u x
u y y
ZADACI
"!
( ) ( ) ( )( )
#
2 # 2 !
!
2
" " " 2 10 " 2 10 " " , , " " + + + x x x x u y x x u u y x x y
"$
x x v u y x v v u u y x y # cos # sin 1$ # cos # . # , sin , , # sin
" " # #

"% ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x x x x x x y x x y 10 " ! " 1 10 ! " 1 ! " 1 10 . ! " 1
,
2 2
,
2
10
2
+

+ + +
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2 2 "
"
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,
_

+

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_

,
_

+
,
_

,
_

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_

,
_

c
b ax
c
a
c
a
c
b ax
c
b
x
c
a
c
b ax
c
b ax
c
b ax
y
c
b ax
y
",
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
y b ab
by a b b by a by a by a y f by a y f
2
2
1& 12
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+
+ +

+ + +
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"
2
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2
#
2
2 " 1$ # 2 " # 2 " 2 " # . 2 " x x x x x x y x y + +

+ + +
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+ + +

+ +

+ +

x
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x
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x x x
x x x
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y
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2
2
2
1 1 2
2
1
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1
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x
x
x
x
x
x
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2
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2
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1
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) .
bx a
bx
bx bx a bx a bx a bx a bx a y
+

+ + + +

##
1
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x
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x a x x a x x a
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( )
#
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cos 2 sin 2 " ! sin 2 " sin 2 " ! . sin 2 "
x x
x x x x y x y

#$
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x
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! "
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cos
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cos
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cos
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cos
1
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1
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+ + +

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y ctg ctgx y
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sin 2
1
sin
1
2
1
0
2
1
.

,
_

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2
cos sin 1! 2 cos cos " ! 2 . cos ! 2
2 "

+ +
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2
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1
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cos " 1 $
1
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x
x
x x x x x f
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y
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2
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,
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1
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_

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( )
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x x
x x
x x
y
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y
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1
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x
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x
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x
x y
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#
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1
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+

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x
x
x
x
x y
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1
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1
1
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) . arcsin 1
2
2
+

+
+
+
!#
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2
2
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1
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21
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1
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1
1
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2
1
. arcsin
x
x
arctgx x
x
x
x arctgx
x x arctgx
arctgx
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!!
( ) ( )
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
x y
2
2
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1
2
1
!
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1
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1
!
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+

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_

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x
a
x
a
x x x
x
a
x
a
x x x
x
a
x
a
x x x
x
x a x a
x
a
x x x
x
a
x
a
x x x x y
x
a
x x y
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
cos
1 ! cos ! 2
cos
1
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0
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1
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1
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1
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+ +

+ +

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,
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+ + + +
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+ + + x x x x f x x f sin sin ) ( , cos ) (

!&
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
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+ + + +

+ + + +

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t t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t f t t t f
2 sin sin sin sin cos sin sin sin cos
sin sin sin sin ) ( , sin sin ) (
!,
( )( )( )( )
( )
()( ) ()( )
( )
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2 cos 1 2 cos 1 2 cos 1 2 cos 1
,
2 cos 1
2 cos 1

+
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_

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y y
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a
x
a
a
x
a x
a
a
x
a x f
a
x
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) ( , cot ) (

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( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
[ ]
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
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2 cos " sin 2
2
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2
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2
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2
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1
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#
1
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20
1
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#
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1
x x x
x x
x
x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x
x
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+ +
+ + + +

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( )
( )
2 2
# 1
2
2
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x
x
x
y x y

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2
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x
x
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2
1
1
1
2
1
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) ( . arccos ) (
x x x
x
x
x
x f x x f

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2
2 2
2
2
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
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1
arctan
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
y
x
y
+

+

,
_

,
_

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_

+

$$
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
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( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
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1
1
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2
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2
2 1 2 1
1 1
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1
1
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
arctan
x x
x x x x x
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