Chapter 18 X-rays

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are Roentgen rays? What are the characteristics of these rays What are x-rays? What are the characteristics of these rays Define the experiment for the discovery of X-rays? What are the uses of X-rays? What is the x-rays spectrum? How would you classify this spectrum?

Laser Technology
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is LASER technology? What does it stands for What is ruby laser? Define its construction and working in detail Define the principle on which Laser works What are Line or characteristic spectrum? What are continues spectrum? Explain the practical uses of Laser technology?

Bohrs Model
1. 2. 3. 4. What is the Bohrs model for the Hydrogen atom? Derive the expression for the radius of Hydrogen atom? Derive the expression for the energy of Hydrogen atom? What is excitation and ionization potential?

1. The radiation emitted from hydrogen filled discharge tube, when viewed by dispersing devices such as prism, gratings etc, shows __________. (A line spectrum, Continuous spectrum, Linear spectrum, all of these) 2. When an electron jumps from higher to lower orbit, then __________. (Energy is absorbed, Energy is emitted, neither absorbed nor emitted, none of these) 3. When electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into first orbit. The set of lines emitted is called __________. (Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Bracket Series, Paschen Series)

4. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into second orbit. The set of lines emitted is called __________. (Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Bracket Series, Paschen Series) 5. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into third orbit. The set of lines emitted is called __________. (Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Bracket Series, Paschen Series) 6. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into fourth orbit. The set of lines emitted is called __________. (Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Bracket Series, Paschen Series) 7. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into fifth orbit. The set of lines emitted is called __________. (Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Pfund Series, Paschen Series) 8. __________ of the following series in the spectrum of the hydrogen lies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. (Paschen Series, Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Brackett sEries) 9. __________ of the following is not a fundamental postulate of Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom. (The classical theory does not apply in the case of tiny particles such as electrons, The electron in a stable orbitdoes not radiate energy, The electron can move in all possible orbits, An atom radiates energy only when an electron jumps from an allowed orbit of higher energy En to one of the lower energ Ep) 10. __________ of the following is not a fundamental postulate of Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom. (The total energy of the electron in one of it allowed orbit remains constant as long as it remains in the same orbit, An electron can not revolve in an arbitrary orbit. Only those orbits are possible for which the angular momentum of the electron about the nucleus is an integral multiple of h/2p, The electron can move in all possible orbits, An atom radiates energy only when an electron jumps from an allowed orbit of higher energy En to one of the lower energy Ep) 11. According to Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom, an electron can revolve around a proton indefinitely if its path is __________. (a perfect circle of any radius, a circle of constantly decreasing radius, a circle of an allowed radius, an ellipse) 12. In a hydrogen atom the radius of the electron orbit is governed by Bohrs quantum rule which states that __________. (the linear momentum of the electron is quantised, the angular momentum of the electron is quantised, the linear velocity of the electron is quantised, the angular velocity of the electron is quantised) 13. According to Bohrs theory of the hydrogen atom, the total energy of the hydrogen atom with its electron revolving in the nth stationary orbit is __________. (proportional to n, proportional to n2, inversely proportional to n, inversely proportional to n2) 14. The energy of the electron of hydrogen orbiting in a stationary orbit of radius rn is proportional to __________. (rn, 1/rn, rn2, 1/rn2) 15. When an electron jumps from the nth (higher orbit) orbit to the pth orbit (lower orbit), the difference of energy is given by the equation __________. (h = En Ep, h = En + Ep, h = E, h = Lp) 16. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is given by the equation __________. ( = lc, = 1/l, = c/l, None of these)

17. The transitions of inner- shell electrons in heavy atoms give rise to __________. 18. X-rays are a part of electromagnetic spectrum and are characterized by frequencies higher than those of __________. (visible radiation, infrared radiation, ultra violet radiations, none of these) 19. Production of continuous X-rays is due to the __________. (Acceleration of incident electrons by the nucleus of the target atom, electron transitions between inner-shells of the target atom, electron transitions between outer shells of the target atom, annihilation of the mass of incident electrons) 20. X-rays are __________. (Positively charged particles, Negatively charged particles, Neutral particles, None of these) 21. The study of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays helps us to __________. (Measure the energy of the incident electrons, measure the wavelength of the incident electrons, measure the energy of the emitted x-rays, identify the element of which the target is made) 22. The maximum frequency limit of the continuous x-rays spectrum depends upon __________. (the atomic number of the atoms of the target, the kinetic energy of the incident electrons, the maximum frequency limit of the characteristic x-rays spectrum, the degree of vacuum in the x-ray tube) 23. The device that produces an intense, monochromatic and coherent beam of light based on stimulated emission of photons from atoms, is called __________. (Laser, x-ray tube, discharge tube, cyclotron) 24. An interesting application of laser is the production of three-dimensional images called __________. (Polygons, Holograms, Ovals, None of these) 25. In solid lasers, a fluorescent crystal, such as that of __________ is used as light amplifying substance. (Ruby, Glass, semiconductor, all of these) 26. The liquid lasers usually make use of a dye dissolved in __________ as a light amplifying substance. (Benzene, Citric acid, methanol, alcohol) 27. The laser device used to fragment gallstones and kidney stones is called __________. (Laser beam, Laser scanner, laser lithotropter, ruby laser) 28. When fast moving electrons strike a metal target inside a partially evacuated tube, then __________ are produced. (cathode rays are produced, cosmic rays are produced, x-rays are produced, alpha rays are produced) 29. Product of x-rays is a reverse phenomenon of __________. (Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Pair production, Annihilation of matter) 30. __________ is a wrong statement in the following. (x-rays are not refracted as they pass from one medium to another, like visible light, x-rays are diffracted at an obstacle, x-rays can cause ionization of the atoms of a liquid, x-rays are deflected by electric and magnetic fields)

31. x-rays were discovered by __________. (Madam Curie, Rontgen, Coolidge, Laue) 32. X-rays are produced when an element of high atomic weight is bombarded by high energy __________. (Protons, Electrons, Neutrons, Photons) 33. __________ of the following parameters of the emitted x-rays increases when the potential difference between the electrodes of an x-ray tube is increased. (Intensity, Frequency, Wavelength, Speed)