Review problems for exam 2 (not a sample test)

Prof. Anna Vainchtein, MATH 1185, Fall 2013

1. Let S be a symmetric nonsingular square matrix. Prove that S
2
is positive denite.
2. Determine whether the following quadratic forms are positive denite:
a) x
2
+ 4xz + 2y
2
+ 8yz + 12z
2
; b) x
2
+ 2xy + 2y
2
4xz 6yz + 6z
2
3. a) Show that if we identify the complex numbers z = x + iy and w = s + it with vectors in
R
2
, then their Eucledian dot product is equal to Re(z w).
b) Prove that the complex numbers z and w correspond to orthogonal vectors in R
2
(with
respect to the Eucledian dot product) if and only if Re(z w) = 0.
c) Prove that z and iz are always orthogonal.
4. Let V be a complex inner product space. Prove that for any z, w in V
a) z +w
2
= z
2
+ 2Rez, w + w
2
b) z, w =
1
4
(z +w
2
z w
2
+ iz + iw
2
iz iw
2
)
c) |z, w| zw (Hint: consider v = z
z, w
w, w
w and show that v, w = 0, then use
part (a) for z
2
=
_
_
_
_
v +
z, w
w, w
w
_
_
_
_
2
.)
d) z +w z +w (Hint: use part (a) and the fact that Re || for any C, then
use part (c).)
5. Find a QR factorization of
A =
_
_
0 0 2
0 4 1
1 0 1
_
_
.
1
6. Find an eigenvector matrix S and a diagonal matrix that diagonalize
A =
_
_
8 0 3
3 0 1
3 0 2
_
_
.
7. Find a basis for the orthogonal complement in R
4
of the set of solutions to
x + 3y 2z + w = 0.
8. Prove that if a matrix K is positive semi-denite but not positive denite, and f / rngK,
then the quadratic function p(x) = x
T
Kx 2x
T
f + c has no minimum value. (Hint: consider
x kerK.)
9. a) Let S and W be subspaces of a vector space V such that S W. Prove that S

.
b) Let S = span
_

_
_

_
1
2
2
3
_

_
,
_

_
1
3
3
2
_

_
_

_
. Find S

.
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