Translated by Martin Joughin Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza Gilles Deleuze ZONE BOOKS » NEW YORK 1990 —{©1990 Urtone, Ine. 611 Broadway, Suite 838 New York, NY soo1? All eights reserved. [No pare ofthis book may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval sytem, or transmitted in any frm or by any ‘means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise (except fr that ‘copying permitted by Sections 107 ad 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewer forthe public press) without written permission rom the Publisher. (Originally published in France as Spinoea ele probleme de Pespresion, © 1968 Les Editions de Minuit, Printed inthe United States of Ameria. Distributed by The MIT Press, Cambridge, Masachusetts and London, England Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Deleuze, Gilles. [Spinoza et le probléme de expression. English] Expressionism in philosophy: Spinoza / Gilles Deleuze; translated by Martin Joughin. p.m, ‘Trandation of Spinoza et le probléme de Fexpression. Bibliography :p. Index 'S0N 0942299507 (alk. paper) o-942299-s15 (pbk) 2. Spinora, Benedict de, 1632-1677 Contributions in concept of expression, 2. Expression. 1 Title vyatap2—dewy 8.20607 Part ONE Chapter u m1 Vv v Part Two vI vil vit Ix XI Contents Translator’s Preface Introduction: The Role and Importance of Expression 13 ‘Tue Trias oF SuBSTANCE Numerical and Real Distinction 27 Attribute as Expression 41 Attributes and Divine Names 53 The Absolute 69 Power 93 PARALLELISM AND IMMANENCE Expression in Parallelism 99 The Two Powers and the Idea of God 113 Expression and Idea 29 Inadequacy 45 Spinoza Against Descartes 155 Immanence and the Historical Components of Expression 169Parr Taree xi Xi xiv xv XVI XVII XVII IXX Tue THeory or Fintre Moves ‘Modal Essence: The Passage from Infinite to Finite 91 ‘Modal Existence 201 What Can a Body Do? 217 The Three Orders and the Problem of Evil 238 The Ethical Vision of the World 255 Common Notions 273 Toward the Thied Kind of Knowledge 209 Beatitude 303 Conclusion: The Theory of Expression in Leibniz and Spinoca: Expressionism in Philosophy 321 Appendix 337 Notes 381 Translator’s Notes 403 Index 429 Index of Textual References 437 Translator’s Preface “We discover new ways of folding, but we are always folding, unfolding, refolding”: so ends Le Pli, Deleuze’s latest book, on Leibniz, his first major historical study of a philosopher since the present book was published twenty years before. Here the main text closes: “It is hard, in the end, to say which is more impor- tant: the differences between Leibniz and Spinova in their evalua- tion of expression; or their common reliance on this concept in founding a Postcartesian philosophy.” Spinoza and Leibniz: two different expressions of “expressionism in philosophy,” an expres- sionism characterized in this book as a system of implicatio and explicatio, enfolding and unfolding, implication and exp! implying and explaining, involving and evolving, enveloping and developing. Two systems of universal folding obtain: Spinoza’s unfolded from the bare “simplicity” of an Infinity into which all things are ultimately folded up, as into a universal map that folds back into a single point; while Leibniz starts from the infinite points in that map, each of which enfolds within its infinitely “complex” identity all its relations with all other such points, the unfolding of all these infinite relations being the evolution ofa Letbnizian Universe. ‘We are always involved in things and their implications and 5