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15734277 NLM MEDLINE 20050228 20050509 20121115 0892-0362 (Print) 0892-0362 (Linking) 27 2 2005 Mar-Apr Neuropsychological effects of long-term exposure to organophosphate pestic 259-66 Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as carbamates and organophosphates (OPs), widely used as insecticides and pesticides and may be stored as biological weapons. The massive use of these products, along with a lack of personal protective equipment on the job, and accidental and intentional ingestions

, has produced a great number of poisonings in farmers. A large part of the empl oyment and income in southeastern Spain is concentrated in intensive greenhouse agriculture in which growers are exposed to a varying degree of subsymptom atic doses of a combination of pesticides, mainly OPs and carbamates. We conduc ted a cross-sectional survey of workers in high-exposure conditions to assess po ssible neurobehavioral deficits, using a wide array of tasks to test neuropsychol ogical functioning and emotional status. Linear and logistic regression series re vealed the importance of the variable "years working with pesticides" as a measur e of cumulative exposure for risk of worsened perceptive function performance ( odds ratio (OR)=6.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52-31.51), visuomotor pra xis (OR=5.00, 95% CI: 1.22-20.40) and integrative task performance time (OR=4. 12, 95% CI: 1.18-14.39) with no relation to plasma cholinesterase activity as a me asure of recent exposure. This association was statistically significant after controlling for confounds (age and educational level). The findings showed association of long-term exposure and worse performance in neuropsychologi cal functions, which is interpreted as evidence of a chronic effect of cumulat ive high exposure to OPs and carbamates. AD - Dpto Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almeria, La Canad a s/n 04120 Almeria, Spain. FAU - Roldan-Tapia, Lola AU - Roldan-Tapia L FAU - Parron, Tesifon AU - Parron T FAU - Sanchez-Santed, Fernando AU - Sanchez-Santed F LA - eng

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Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 20050108 United States Neurotoxicol Teratol Neurotoxicology and teratology 8709538 0 (Carbamates) 0 (Pesticides) EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases) IM Adult Attention/*drug effects Carbamates/poisoning Cholinesterases/blood Confidence Intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Emotions/*drug effects Humans Linear Models Logistic Models Male Mental Processes/*drug effects Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data Occupational Exposure Organophosphate Poisoning Pesticides/*poisoning Psychomotor Performance/*drug effects Spain/epidemiology *Time Time Factors 2005/03/01 09:00 2005/05/10 09:00 2005/03/01 09:00 2003/09/23 [received] 2004/11/02 [revised] 2004/12/07 [accepted] 2005/01/08 [aheadofprint] S0892-0362(04)00154-0 [pii] 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.12.002 [doi] ppublish Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005 Mar-Apr;27(2):259-66. Epub 2005 Jan 8.