DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011

DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED PROGRAM IN DIGITAL SYSTEM

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MATH REPORT

CLASS: 10ECE GROUP: 8 MEMBERs: NGUYN TNG THNH L NH TON ON ANH DUY NG TRN CH TON CAO HONG C

September 20, 2011

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011

Section 5.5:The Substitution Rule

1). Establish the Substitution Rule: Recall the Chain Rule, with ( ( )) ( ( )) , then: ( ( )) ( ) ( ( )) ( )

By definition of Indefinite Integral: ( ( )) ( )then ( ( )) ( ) ( ) (*)

From equation (*), let Substitute and

, from equation (*), we get ( ( )) ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( )

Writing

, we have ( ( )) ( ) ( )

The Substitution Rule has been proved.

2). Establish the Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals Let ( ) Hence, ( ) ( ) ( )

Recall the Chain Rule ( ( )) ( ( )) ( ) ( ( )) ( )

By definition of Indefinite Integral: ( ( )) ( ) ( ( ))

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 By part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem, we have From ( )
( ) ( )

( ( )) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ( ))

( ( ))

(**)

and part 2 of Fundamental Theorem of Caculus ( ( )) ( ( )) (***)

From (**) and (***), we have ( ( )) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

3) Example of indefinite integrals Example: Solution: Let Hence,(

( (

((
(
) ))

( (

) ))

) ( )

) ( )

))

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 4) Example of definite integrals Example: Solution: Let Then So ( ) ( [ [( [( ) ] ) ] ( ) ] ) or ( )

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011

Section 7.1: Integration by Parts

1). Establish the Formula for Integration by Parts:

The Product Rule states that if f and g are differentiable, then:

In the notation for indefinite integrals, this equation becomes:

Rearrange this equation, we have:

Let ( ) and ( ) then ( ) and using Substitution Rule, the equation above becomes:

( )

. By

If we combine this formula for integration by parts with Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we can evaluate definite integrals by parts. Evaluating both sides of this formula between and , assuming and are continuous, and using the Fundamental Theorem, we arrive at the result that ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ( ) ( )

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 2). Example:

Find
Solution: Let ( ( ) )

Then using the formula for integration by parts we have: ( ) [ [ [ ( ( ( )] )] )] [ ( ( ( )] ) ) ( )

Compute the integral, and then we have:

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011

Chap. 7.5 Strategy for Integration

1) a. We quite agree with the given four step strategy. This strategy works well on the majority of elementary functions. b. Some additional remarks: In step 1, we notice that simplification of integrand does not necessarily mean that well rewrite the integrand in a simpler form. It means that well present the integrand in a form that we can deal with, or we can use integration formulas we know, even sometimes the integrand we rewrite is not really simple than the original one. The integral in step 2 can be done with partial fractions .However, the work involved in the substitution would be significantly less than the work involved in partial fractions. In some cases, there are some steps in the strategy, any of which can be used to integrate a function. Step1, Step2 and Step3 are usually much easier to use than Step4. The first three steps mostly require us to recognize the functions that we actually know how to integrate; even sometimes we need to simplify the integrands as shown in Step1. However, in Step4, it requires some techniques and ingenuity to make a good use of this step. A function can be manipulated or expressed by parts or by substitution in many different ways; however, in all likelihood, only a few of these ways can lead to the solution. 2) Some examples that illustrate the four-step strategy Example 1: Solution: [Use Step 1] Using the trigonometric identities , , and ,we can rewrite the integral: ( )
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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 ( ( ) )

Notice that we made the substitution Let , then ; so

when integratingcos2x

Example 2: Solution: The integrand is actually in a simple form, so we do not need step 1 to simplify it. Step 2 also fails here. However, since the integrand is a kind of radicals, we can use step 3 (d). Let (Notice that Substitution Rule gives (1) (We can say that we actually use step 4 (d) here, relating the challenging integral to the one we know Here, usingstep 3 (c), we integrate by parts with ) , where . Then | | ). So, the Inverse and

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 Then Solving for ( | , we have ( |) (2) ) ( )

(We use the formula of the indefinite integral of secant here) Since , we have | | (3)

From (1), (2) and (3), we get ( ( | | |) |)

3) We think the information is completely right because there are so many integrals that we cannot evaluate. In fact, the majority of elementary functions dont have elementary antiderivatives. Whether we readily obtain the integration of a function or not does not depend on how simple the forms of the function take on. For example, the function

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DANANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10ECE- GROUP 8 2011 ( )

Is much more complicated than the function ( ) ( )

However, f can be integrated by using the four-step strategy, while the strategy does not help in integrating g. In fact, we cannot express ( ) in terms of the functions we know.

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