CU HI N TP

Cu hi: V s cu trc ca h thng my tnh? Nu chc nng ca tng b phn? Nu hn ch ln nht ca my tnh theo kin trc ca Von Neumann. 2) Cu hi: Gi s ti thi im my tnh thc hin chng trnh, gi tr ca cc thanh ghi trong CPU nh sau: DS=CS=SS=ES=189Ah; IP =01C4h, SP=FFF8h, SI=0000h, DI = 0000h, 3) Hy cho bit:
1)

- Chng trnh ny c phn m rng l .COM hay .EXE? Ti sao? - M ca lnh chng trnh trn nm trong b phn no ca my tnh? Ti v tr c a ch vt l no? Ch r cch xc nh? 4) Cu hi: Cc my tnh c nhn (PC) hin nay c thit k theo kin trc no? Theo kin trc ny, my tnh gm nhng b phn g? Nu chc nng ca tng b phn? Nhc im chnh ca kin trc ny l g? 5) Cu hi: B x l trung tm (CPU) ca my tnh lin kt vi cc b phn khc ca h thng my tnh (cc cng vo/ra v b nh) bng nhng nhm tn hiu no? Nu chc nng, hng truyn ca cc nhm tn hiu ? Khi CPU nhn lnh thc hin, th m lnh chuyn t u ti u, theo ng no? 6) Cu hi: Phn bit a ch logic v a ch vt l ca mt ngn nh? Nu phng php CPU xc nh a ch vt l da trn a ch logic? Hy cho bit lnh u tin sau khi my tnh khi ng xong c a ch logic bng bao nhiu? Tnh a ch vt l ca lnh ? 7) Cu hi: B vi x l 8086/88 c bus a ch v d liu bao nhiu bit? N c th truy cp ti a c bao nhiu nh? Mi nh cha bao nhiu bit? Khi CPU thc hin lnh: MOV [DI],AL th nh c truy cp c a ch l bao nhiu? Cho bit gi tr cc thanh ghi bn trong CPU trc lc thc hin lnh l: AX = 0000; BX = 0000; CX = 0000; DX = 0000; SP = FFEE; BP=0; SI =0; DI=0; DS=127Ch; ES=127Ch; SS=127Ch; CS=0700h; IP=0100h 8) Cu hi: on b nh l g? a ch on b nh cha trong cc thanh ghi no? di ca cc thanh ghi a ch ca on l bao nhiu bit? Hy cho bit ngn nh c a ch vt l l 256A3h c th nm trong nhng on b nh no, a ch lch bao nhiu (hy vit ra t nht 3 a ch logic ca a ch vt l trn)? Vit cng thc lin h gia a ch vt l v a ch logic?

9) Cu hi: Gi s my tnh thc hin chng trnh c phn m rng l .COM. Vi trng thi ban u cc thanh ghi on v con tr ch s trong CPU nh sau: CS=DS=SS=ES=1000H; IP=0100; AX=0000; BX=0000; CX=0000; DX=0000; BP=0000;SP=FFFE; SI=0000; DI=0000. Hi: Khi CPU nhn m lnh t b nh, n s dng nhng thanh ghi g xc nh a ch ca lnh cn c vo? CPU tnh a ch vt l ca lnh trn c s ni dung ca cc thanh ghi theo cng thc no? Xc nh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh u tin vi cc d liu cho trn? 10) Cu hi: X l ng ng l g? Do c cu trc bn trong no m b vi x l 8086 c kh nng thc hin chng trnh theo kiu ng ng? Gi s cc lnh u c thi gian nhn lnh, gii m v thc thi l 1 chu k my. Bng hnh v biu thi gian, hy xc nh thi gian CPU hon thnh 5 lnh theo c ch x l ng ng? 11) Cu hi: Hy cho bit tn, k hiu v ngha ca 6 c ch th trng thi ca kt qu trong CPU? Xc nh gi tr cc c sau khi b vi x l 8086 thc hin lnh sau: MOV AL,056H ADD AL,0AAH (Bit rng trc gi tr cc bit c trn v thanh ghi AL bng 0). 12) Cu hi: Ti sao trong B vi x l 8086 ca Intel tt c cc thanh ghi a ch (on v lch) c di ti a l 16 bits nhng a ch vt l CPU to ra c di 20 bits (t A0 n A19)? Hy cho bit cc cp thanh ghi (on v lch) tng ng a ch ha m lnh, d liu v ngn xp? Xc nh tn cc thanh ghi cha a ch logic ca byte m lnh nm trong on b nh c a ch l 1034h v lch l 0200h? Tnh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh ni trn? 13) Cu hi: Bus h thng ca my tnh ni B vi x l Intel 8088 vi b nh v cc cng vo/ra gm nhng bus con g? V s to cc bus con trong my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Trnh by mt chu k bus c b nh? 14) Cu hi: Trn bn b nh my tnh? B nh ROM BIOS trong my tnh IBM PCXT nm vng a ch no? Nu chc nng ca b nh ROM BIOS trong my tnh IBM PCXT? Khi khi ng my tnh th thanh ghi on m lnh (CS) v con tr lnh (IP) c khi to gi tr bao nhiu vng nh ROM BIOS s c quy chiu u tin? 15) Cu hi: Ti sao b nh RAM chnh ca my tnh thng s dng vi mch nh DRAM? u, nhc im ca vi mch nh DRAM so vi vi mch

nh SRAM? Khi my vi tnh IBM PC s dng loi vi mch nh l loi DRAM th CPU cn c thm thao tc g bo ton d liu trong b nh RAM trong qu trnh lm vic? 16) Cu hi: Trnh by v bn b nh trn my tnh IBM PC XT ( ln, khng gian a ch, cc vng chnh ca bn nh ...). 1KB vng nh c a ch thp nht v vng nh c a ch cao nht trong bn nh c s dng vo mc ch g? 17) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp c b nh ca vi x l 8086 gm my chu k ng h? Hy cho bit ngha ca tn hiu ALE v chu k no n tch cc, khi CPU truy cp b nh? Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh: MOV AL,[SI] 18) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp ghi b nh ca vi x l 8086 gm my chu k ng h? Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh ghi b nh? Tnh thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b nh, nu bit tn s ng h ca CPU l 10MHz? 19) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b nh qui c (conventional memory)? Trong my tnh, pht hin li c v ghi b nh, mi byte c b sung thm thng tin g? Gi tr ca n c xc nh nh th no? 20) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b nh hin th VDR (Video Display RAM)? Xc nh a ch on v lch ca ngn nh trong b nh hin th VDR tng ng vi k t gc di cng bn tri mn hnh, nu mn hnh c thit lp ch vn bn, phn di 80 x 25? 21) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b nh ROM? Hy cho bit, vi mch ROM BIOS c dung lng 8KB, nm vng a ch no (t... n....)? 22) Cu hi: Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh c m lnh? Tnh thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b nh, nu bit tn s ng h ca CPU l 10MHz? Nu chip nh RAM c thi gian truy cp l 100ns, th CPU c cn chn thm trng thi ch vo chu k ghi khng? Ti sao? 23) Cu hi: V bn b nh my tnh IBM PC/XT? Nu chc nng ca cc vng nh? Sau khi ng, CPU thc hin lnh u tin nm trong vng nh

no? iu c lin quan g vi gi tr ca thanh ghi on m lnh v con tr lnh? 24) Cu hi: S bit a ch v d liu ca Bus h thng trn my tnh c lin quan g n dung lng v rng t nh ca b nh trn my tnh? Mt chu k bus c hay ghi b nh ca vi x l 8088 gm my chu k ng h? Tnh thi gian m b vi x l truy cp ngn nh, nu tn s ca ng h l 5MHz (gi s khng c chu k i khi truy cp)? 25) Cu hi: My tnh IBM PC XT c 20 bits a ch. Nu b nh RAM (c a ch t 00000 9FFFF) s dng vi mch nh c dung lng 4x8 kbits, th c bao nhiu vi mch nh c s dng? Gii m a ch c t chc my cp? Nhng bit a ch no c dng chn vi mch nh, nhng bit a ch no c dng chn ngn nh trong vi mch nh? 26) Cu hi: M t cc lnh vo/ra cng ca b vi x l: tn lnh, c php, chc nng? Dung lng ca khng gian vo /ra khi s dng ch a ch trc tip? Tn hiu iu khin no c s dng khi dng lnh c cng vo v ghi cng ra? 27) Cu hi: Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v cc ch lp trnh ca vi mch vo/ra song song 8255A? Trong my tnh PC, vi mch 8255A nm trn Mainboard c a ch chn chip l bao nhiu, c lp trnh ch no? Chiu ca cc cng c thit lp nh th no? Vit li on chng trnh khi to 8255A trong BIOS ca my tnh? 28) Cu hi: Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v cc ch lm vic ca vi mch nh thi 8253? Trong my tnh PC, vi mch 8253 c a ch bao nhiu? Cc b m ca 8253 c khi to nhng ch no? Vit li on m chng trnh khi to cho 3 b m ca 8253? 29) Cu hi: Trnh by khi nim truyn d liu ni tip, giao thc truyn ng b v khng ng b, ch thu/pht n cng v song cng? Phn bit thit b truyn thng? M t chun truyn thng ni tip RS-232 v: c kh, in v giao thc truyn? Ti sao truyn khng ng b phi ng khung d liu?( Hip trang 40) 30) Cu hi: B vi x l truy cp (c/ghi) cc cng vo/ra nh nhng lnh no? C php vit cc lnh ? S cng vo/ra c th a ch ho c ti a l bao nhiu tng ng vi ch a ch trc tip v gin tip? Tn hiu iu khin no phn bit chiu truy cp ca CPU i vi cng vo/ra? Mc tch cc ca chng? 31) Cu hi: Cc phng php phc v cc thit b ngoi vi tiu chun ca my tnh IBM PC XT? u nhc im ca chng? Trnh by v bng vector ngt: chc nng, v tr trong b nh? Vec-t ngt (a ch on v

lch) ca chng trnh con phc v ngt INT 28h nm nhng ngn nh no trong bng vec-t ngt? 32) Cu hi: nh ngha ngt v phn loi ngt? Vector ngt l g, gm my byte? Ni dung ca n cha thng tn g? Trnh by cch xc nh a ch on v lch ca chng trnh con phc v ngt c s hiu ngt l INT 17h? 33) Cu hi: Th no l ngt cng v ngt mm? B vi x l 8086 c bao nhiu ngt? Cc ngt c nh s hiu nh th no? Khi mt ngt c kch hot, CPU xc nh a ch ca chng trnh con phc v ngt nh th no? Xc nh a ch cc nh cha vec-t (a ch on v lch) ca chng trnh con phc v ngt c s hiu INT 18h? 34) Cu hi: Chc nng ca ngn xp (Stack)? Cc lnh no cho php ngi dng truy cp ngn xp? Khi no b vi x l t ng truy cp ngn xp? Khi mt ngt c kch hot, b vi x l ct vo ngn xp nhng thng tin g ca chng trnh ang thc hin? Vic khi phc nhng thng tin c thc hin khi no? 35) Cu hi: Nu nh ngha ngt, phn loi ngt, chng trnh con phc v ngt v vec-t ngt? Ti sao ni vic xc nh c s hiu ngt l v cng quan trng trong qu trnh my tnh x l v phc v ngt? 36) Cu hi: M t chun truyn ni tip RS-232 v: c kh, mc tn hiu in, giao thc truyn? Chun RS232 h tr giao thc truyn no? Khung d liu l g, gm nhng bit g? Hy v biu tn hiu trong khung d liu ca k t C (m ASCII l 43h) vi tham s nh khung sau: di d liu 7 bit, kim tra bit bc chn, 2 bit dng? 37) Cu hi: nh ngha vo/ra song song v vo/ra ni tip? Chng c s dng trong cc trng hp no? a ch ca cc cng vo ra ni tip COM1-COM4 v vo ra song song LPT1-LPT4 c lu u? Ti a ch no? a ch cng c di bao nhiu bit? Hy vit lnh c cng c a ch 03FDh? 38) Cu hi: Th no l ch ho v ch vn bn trn mn hnh? Trong ch vn bn, mi k t trn mn hnh tng ng my byte trong b nh hin th (Video RAM)? Byte thuc tnh trong Video RAM c ngha g? Xc nh byte thuc tnh ca mt k t hin trn mn hnh c mu trng trn nn ? 39) Cu hi: Nu mi quan h gia phn gii mn hnh, s bits m ho mu v dung lng ca b nh Video RAM?( cng c ri). Chun bus AGP s dng lm g? Tnh thng lng (hay di thng) ca bus AGP 1x nu bit rng bus l 32 bit, tn s bus l 66MHz?

Card tng tc ha AGP. ch ha, biu din mt trang mn hnh c phn gii cao, mu sc r nt s cn mt dung lng nh rt ln. Khi thc hin s l hnh nh chuyn ng th trong 1 giy cn phi a n 30 trang ln mn hnh, lng thng tin trao i gia my tnh v Card iu khin mn hnh s rt ln (di thng i hi cao). Thc t bus PCI ca my tnh khng di thng truyn lng thng tin ny , do vy ngi ta thit k 1 giao din truyn s liu gia Card iu khin mn hnh v CPU ca my tnh trn c s tc truyn s liu gia CPU v RAM Card mn hnh trn giao din gi l card tng tc ha AGP. Xem thm trong ti liu. Trn c s di thng ca bus PCI l 266MBps, ngi ta thit k Card AGP vi cc tc truyn: 2X = 2 * 266MBps 4X = 4* 266MBps 8X = 8* 266MBps Ngoi vic tng di thng, tng tc truyn AGP cn ci tin c giao thc truyn s liu. Hin nay khi m PCI dc nng cp PCI Exp c di thng n 16X th ngi ta khng s dng AGP na m s dng chun PCI Exp cho cc my tnh. 40) Cu hi: Di thng ca bus l g? n v o di thng? Cng thc tnh di thng? Yu t no nh hng n di thng ca bus? So snh di thng ca mt bus song song 8 bit v mt bus ni tip c cng tn s truyn? 41) Cu hi: Lp bng so snh bus ISA v bus PCI v cc c tnh sau: rng d liu, rng a ch, tc bus (tn s bus), kch thc ca bus, kh nng chng nhiu xuyn m, kiu kch pht ca tn hiu ngt, h tr chia s ngt, kh nng cu hnh t ng plug-n-play, ph thuc vo b vi x l? Tnh di thng ca hai bus ISA v PCI s dng cc gi tr rng d liu v tn s trn?

42) Cu hi: Trnh by v giao din USB: chc nng, kiu truyn d liu (ni tip, song song), tc truyn, t chc ghp ni (t-p) ch-t? Hy cho bit s lng thit b USB ni vi ch USB? Cp truyn USB: cu to, di, k thut chng nhiu ng truyn? +Chc nng: USB l mt giao thc truyn s liu tun t gia my vi tnh (hay ch USB) vi cc thit b ngoi vi. My vi tnh c coi nh ch ca h thng bus. Nguyn tc kt ni ny hon ton tng t cch trao i thng tin trong mng my tnh ngha l thit b ngoi vi s c mt gn cho mt a ch IP( internet protocol). + Tc truyn: S liu s c truyn trn USB theo hai ch : Ch cao tc (full speed mode) vi tc 12 Mbs. Ch chm (low speed mode) vi tc 1,5 Mbs. + T chc ghp ni (t-p) ch-t: Ghp ni n gin do cm c chun ho. Linh hot trong s dng. D trin khai v chi ph thp. UBS c tnh nang cm-l-chy "nng" (hot plug-and-play). Ngi s dng c th cm thm hoc tho ra mt thit b ngoi vi m khng cn tt my ch hay ci t li h thng. Thit b ngoi vi cng khng cn bn mch ph trn my ch v chc nang ny c phn mm h thng m nhim. Khi pht hin ra mt thit b ngoi vi mi, h iu hnh s t ng ci t cc phn mm iu khin thit b. y l nhng tnh nng m cc ngoi vi ni vi my tnh qua giao din RS232 v LPT ko th c c.

+Kiu truyn d liu: Truyn iu khin (control transfer) l truyn hai chiu. S dng ci t ngoi vi. Giao thc truyn iu khin bao gm mt giai on khung,

giai on iu khin v giai on tr li. Mi thit b USB u phi x l c loi truyn ny. Truyn ngt (interrupt transter) l truyn mt chiu. Dng cho cc thit b ngoi vi nh bn phm, chut v joystick. V ch USB (my tnh) khng th b ngt nn cc ngt t thit b ngoi vi c x l trong vng i. Ngi lp trnh h thng c nhim v x l vng i ny. Giao thc truyn ngt khi ng khi my ch bt u bng mt khung IN ( IN token). Thit b ngoi vi tr li bng mt gi d liu. Khi nhn ht d liu my ch s tr li bng mt gi ACK. Nu b nghn im cui ca thit b ngoi vi, n s gi n my ch gi STALL v i phn mm h thng x l. Truyn ng b cch bit l phng php truyn 1 chiu. Hng cuc truyn c th t thit b ngoi vi ra my ch hoc ngc li. V th cuc truyn cn hai im cui pha thit b ngoi vi hoc hai ng ng phn mm pha my ch. Giao thc truyn ng b cch bit bt u bng mt gi IN hoc OUT t my ch tu theo hng truyn v loi im cui. Truyn khi l phng php truyn hai chiu. Hng truyn c th t im cui v my ch hay ngc li. Nh vy, mt thit b ngoi vi cn c hai chiu d liu s cn c hai im cui. Giao thc truyn khi gm ba giai on: khung, d? liu v bt tay. Nu thit b kt s khng c giai on d? liu m ch c khung v bt tay. D? liu s c truyn qua ng t mt vng m d? liu trong b nh ca chng trnh tng ng ti mt im cui ca thit b ngoi vi.

43) Cu hi: Trong my tnh hin nay, bus h thng (ni CPU-b nh) v bus vo/ra (ni CPU-ngoi vi) c lm vic cng mt tn s khng? Ti sao? Thit b no trn h thng Bus ca my tnh m bo cho cc b phn trn lm vic cc tn s khc nhau? 44) Cu hi: Th no l bus h thng trong my tnh? Bus h thng gm nhng bus con no? Chc nng ca tng bus con ? rng ca bus a ch, bus d liu xc nh kh nng g ca my tnh? Di thng ca bus ph thuc vo nhng yu t g? Ti sao? 45) Cu hi: Phng php phc v ngoi vi bng ngt c u im g so vi phng php phc v ngoi vi bng phng php hi vng? Qui trnh thc hin ca b vi x l khi c mt ngt c kch hot? ngha ca bit c ngt

IF (Interrupt Flag) i vi ngt cng? Lnh phn mm che (cm) v khng che (cho php) ngt? 46) Cu hi: Di thng ca Bus l g? n v o di thng? Cc bin php tng di thng ca Bus my tnh? Cc loi Bus ISA, MCA, EISA, PCI, AGP c pht trin theo tiu ch no? Cc loi Bus va k trn Bus no c h tr Plug and Play? 47) Cu hi: Thit b c gi l Cu ni bridge trn cc my tnh hin nay dng thc hin chc nng g? C my loi cu v mi loi dng kt ni gia b phn no vi nhau? 48) Cu hi: S lng ngoi vi ti a m my tnh c th qun l c bng cng COM l bao nhiu? Cng LPT l bao nhiu? kim tra s c mt ca cc cng , ngi ta dng phng php no? Cng USB l bao nhiu? Gii thch l do ti sao giao din qua cng USB li cho php qun l s ngoi vi n 127 thit b? 49) Cu hi: Th no l byte thuc tnh trong b nh Video RAM. Cho bit card mn hnh ca my tnh ang ch 02: vn bn, phn gii 80 ct x 25 dng, a ch b nh Video bt u t B8000h. Xc nh a ch logic ca byte k t v byte thuc tnh ng vi v tr dng 12 ct 20 trn mn hnh. BI TP 1) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 t ch mn hnh l 02h. Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=13h hin th ln mn hnh my tnh dng ch: HOC VIEN KTQS c thuc tnh l nn ch vng (4Eh) bt u ti v tr ct 15, dng 20. 2) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch mn hnh 03.Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=13h hin th ln mn hnh bt u ti v tr ct 30, dng 12, chui k t CAU TRUC MAY TINH c thuc tnh ch mu , nn mu vng (1110_0100b). 3) Bi tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1: tc truyn 4800 baud, di d liu 7 bit, 1 bit dng (1 stop bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even Parity). Sau , kim tra thanh ghi m pht rng (bit D5=1 ca t trng thi cng COM) th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=01 gi chui k t Hello! ra cng COM1.

4) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM thit lp mn hnh ch ha 13h, sau v trn mn hnh mt ng dc bt u t to ct 62 hng 60 (62,60) n to ct 62 hng 30 (62,30). 5) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 21h/AH=9 hin th thng bo: Nhan phim:. Sau , dng ngt INT16h/AH=00 c k t t bn phm v hin k t ra mn hnh bng ngt INT 10h/AH=0Eh. Qu trnh c lp lin tc cho n khi bn n phm ESC c m ASCII l 1Bh chng trnh s kt thc. 6) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp mn hnh ch 0, sau s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=09 hin th ln mn hnh bt u ti v tr c to l ct 20 , hng 12 ln lt 6 k t c m ASCII nh sau: 31h, 32h, 33h, 34h, 35h, 36h, vi thuc tnh ch trng trn nn ? 7) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM thit lp tham s truyn cho vi mch UART 8250 trn my tnh c a ch gii m l 3f8h nh sau: 7 bit data, 1 bits stop, kim tra l, tc truyn l 14.400 bps, vi tn s clock l 1,843MHz. (C th dng ngt INT 14h/AH=0 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1) 8) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 c k t t bn phm. Nu c phm c n th hin th thng bo "Phim duoc an la:" v k t. Sau li quay li c bn phm. Chng trnh kt thc khi n phm ESC (m ASCII l 1Bh). 9) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch mn hnh 06 (ch mn hnh ho, phn gii 640x200, 2 mu). Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0Ch v mt ng cho mu trng t im nh c to (60,60) n to (40,40). 10) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 lin tc c d liu t bn phm. Nu k t c nhn l b th bt loa bng cch t 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng ra vi a ch 61h u bng 1. Sau , quay li c d liu bn phm. Nu c phm bt k c nhn (khng phi phm b) th loa tt bng cch xa 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng 61h. Ri quay li c bn phm. 11) Bi tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1: tc 4800 baud, di d liu 7 bit, 1 bit dng (1 stop bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even

Parity). Sau , kim tra c d liu nhn (bit D0=1 ca t trng thi cng COM) th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=02 nhn k t t cng COM1, ri ct vo b nh bt u t a ch DS:200h. Nu nhn c k t Esc (m ASCII l 1Bh) th kt thc chng trnh. 12) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=1 khi to cng my in LPT1. Sau kim tra trng thi cng my in. Nu trng thi my in sn sng (bit D7=1 trng thi cng my in), th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=0 in ra chui k t I print a message. Sau thot ra.

1.. Chc nng ca ROM BIOS

Vai tr ca BIOS BIOS thc ra l mt tp hp cc chng trnh nh c t ng np v gi quyn iu khin khi my tnh mi bt ln, BIOS c vai tr nh sau: - Kim tra cc thnh phn ca my tnh khi mi khi ng. Qu trnh ny gi l POST -Power Of Selt Test. POST kim tra cc thit b b nh, bo mch chnh, card mn hnh, mm, cng, bn phm, chut... xem chng c sn sng lm vic khng? - Chuyn giao quyn iu khin cho h iu hnh. Sau qu trnh POST, BIOS tm cung mi trn thit b khi ng (ln lt theo trnh t c quy nh trong CMOS c th l a mm, a cng, CD, card mng...). Nu thy, n s np cung mi vo b nh, n lt cung mi tm h iu hnh trn thit b nh np v trao quyn iu khin cho h iu hnh. - Sau khi h iu hnh c np, BIOS lm vic vi b x l (command.com) gip cc chng trnh phn mm truy xut cc thit b ca my tnh. Nh vy, k t khi my tnh mi bt ln cho n khi tt, BIOS lun lun hot ng v l mi trng trung gian gia phn mm v phn cng nn chi phi kh nhiu hot ng ca my. V vy m nhiu hng, (v d nh Gigabyte) cn tch hp hai BIOS trn cng mt mainboard gi l Dual BIOS, phng khi BIOS chnh (main BIOS) b hng th c backup BIOS sn sng phc v.