EMBEDDED SYSTEMS PROJECT REPORT

RFID SECURED ACCESS SYSTEM

OCTOBER 28, 2013

VIT UNIVERSITY TAMIL NADU - 632014

ANGADPAL SINGH

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS CSE305

PROJECT (2013-2014) RF ID SECURE SYSTEM

Submitted to Prof. Krishnamoorthy (F2 slot)

SUBMITTED BY1. SIDDHARTH(11BCE0479) 2. ANKUR JAIN(11BCE0424) 3.ANGAD PAL (11BCE0420)

CONTENTS S.No. TOPIC Pg.No

Abstract

Introduction

4-5

Description

5-8

Hardware and Software requirements

Code

Conclusion

1. Abstract-

The project is aimed to improve and diversify the use of the metro card. It also aims to decrease the falsification and forgery of the metro card.In this system we are going to use a RF card rather than the traditional magnetic card. The magnetic card deploys a unique 10 digit code which helps the main administrators keep track of the card. But these 10 digit numbers can easily be forged. Hence the forgery of these cards becomes extremely easy and hence a profitable crime for con artists. The RF card would have its own unique frequency which would be read by the entry gate. By using the RF card the forgeries of the metro card would be stopped as determining and duplicating the radio frequency of the RF card would quite difficult.Also as all of the metropolitan cities are going to get the metro in the next decade it would be a better idea to make a single metro card for all of the cities. This would help people who have to travel a lot and it would save time. Using a RF card would not only accommodate the increasing ridership but also create a unique identity for every one of itself. RFID based Secured access system can be implemented on 8051 micro controller or Arduino. This is a very useful application of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and is very commonly used in institutes, offices, homes and so on. An RFID system consists of a reader device and a transponder. A transponder or tag has a unique serial number which is identified by the reader. Here RFID has been interfaced with AT89C51 to provide secured access. The relevant messages are also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Key fobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers. In fact access based entrance and exits using access smart technology is rapidly becoming the way of the future for many businesses, government buildings, hospitals, museums and other establishments requiring secured but easy to control access solutions. Access based systems use either 125 kHz RFID or 13.56 MHz RFID readers, cards and key fobs.

2.INTRODUCTION

RFID MODULE:

RFID technology is based on the concept of magnetic coupling, which is the principle that current flowing in one circuit can induce current flow in another circuit through a magnetic field generated in the space between the circuits. In passive RFID, there are two major components: the reader and the mobile tag. The reader has two main functions: the first is to transmit a carrier signal, and the second is to receive a response from any tags in proximity of the reader. A tag needs to receive the carrier signal, modify it in some way corresponding to the data on the card, and retransmit the modified response back to the reader. In modern passive RFID devices, the tag consists of a small integrated circuit (that performs the modulation) and an antenna. The benefit of passive RFID is that it requires no internal power source; the circuit on the tag is actually powered by the carrier signal. Thus, the carrier signal transmitted from the reader must be considerably large so that the response can be read even from the card. As shown in the above block diagram RFID systems are classified according to the properties of the data carrier called a transponder or tag. The two major classes of RFID transponders are active and passive. Active transponders contain a battery or are connected to an external power source. Active transponders are capable of longer communication distance and can perform data collection tasks even when no reader is present.

4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SOFTWARE:

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring projects. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board with a [9] single click. A program or code written for Arduino is called a "sketch". Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The Arduino IDE comes with a software library called "Wiring" from the original Wiring project, which makes many common input/output operations much easier. Users only need define two functions to make a runnable cyclic executive program: setup(): a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off

A typical first program for a microcontroller simply blinks an LED on and off. In the Arduino [10] environment, the user might write a program like this: It is a feature of most Arduino boards that they have an LED and load resistor connected between pin [10] 13 and ground; a convenient feature for many simple tests. The previous code would not be seen by a standard C++ compiler as a valid program, so when the user clicks the "Upload to I/O board" button in the IDE, a copy of the code is written to a temporary file with an extra include header at the top and a very simple main() function at the bottom, to make it a valid C++ program. The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses avrdude to upload programs to the board. As the Arduino platform uses Atmel microcontrollers, Atmel's development environment, AVR Studio or the newer Atmel Studio, may also be used to develop software for the Arduino.

Equipment Required for the Prototype:

1. ARDUINO:
Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the microcontroller. Arduino boards can be purchased pre-assembled or as do-it-yourself kits. Hardware design information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by hand. It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been commercially produced. An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller with complementary components to facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is the standard way that connectors are exposed, allowing the CPU board to be connected to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields. Some shields communicate with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an IC serial bus, allowing many shields to be stacked and used in parallel. Official Arduinos have used the megaAVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and ATmega2560. A handful of other

processors have been used by Arduino compatibles. Most boards include a 5 volt linear regulator and a 16 MHzcrystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants), although some designs such as the LilyPad run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions. An Arduino's microcontroller is also preprogrammed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices that typically need an external programmer.

2. RFID module (EM-18) 3. RFID tags 4. Gate Mechanism 5. Buzzer 6. Wires 7. Bread Board 8. Power Source 9. Voltage Regulator (L7805) 10. 10F capacitor 11. Transistor

5. SOURCE CODE:

char goodCode1[13]="6E0001AC6CAF"; int count = 0; //counter for loop char tmp_read; boolean flag =0;

void setup() { pinMode(13,OUTPUT); // for gate and buzer Serial.begin(9600); // connect wire from RFID reader to pin 0 }

void loop() { if(Serial.available()>=12) { while(count<12) { tmp_read = Serial.read(); Serial.print(tmp_read);//displays value in the COM monitor

//compares the value read with the value in the database if(tmp_read == goodCode1[count])

flag = 1; else {flag = 0; break;} count++;

if(flag == 1) { digitalWrite(13,HIGH);//for opening the gate. delay(2000); digitalWrite(13,LOW); } count = 0; Serial.flush(); } }

6. EXISTING TECHNOLOGY:
The existing technology is based on Magnetic Stripe Reader. It is a tool for encoding data on items such as credit card debit and security access cards. These stripes act as small

magnets attached to cards that when run through a magnetic stripe stripe reader recognises a card and connects to a computer. This technology has been in use since the 1960s. There are some advantages and disadvantages:

Reliability

Magnetic strip technology is extremely reliable and has been thoroughly tested over the years. Its longevity is proof that magnetic strips accomplish what they set out to do. Magnetic strips are very similar to the magnetic recording that is used within VCR and disk technology; however, they only record sounds and images, whereas magnetic strips record data.

Versatility

Magnetic technology is extremely beneficial in that it can be altered, modified and rewritten continuously. Magnetic strips can be reused several times. This is why they are embedded on credit cards or other materials that continuously rely upon changing data.

Durability

Magnetic strips are exceptionally durable. Unlike magnetic storage that is used within tapes, magnetic strips are much more robust and are built into another strong material, such as plastic. Although they record data, magnetic strips are still relatively immune to outside effects such as water, dirt and moisture contamination. The only time that data within the magnetic strip is prone to getting damaged is when it comes into contact with magnetic objects or stray magnetic fields.

Some disadvantages which are:

Close Contact
o

The reader and card stripe must be in close proximity for the system to work. This often means that the card must come into direct contact with the reader for the system to scan the card. This system appears at businesses and ATM machines.

Easily Damaged
o

The magnetic stripe on the back of a card can be damaged easily by exposure to high magnetic fields or through repeated use. Frequently used cards still might work but require multiple scanning attempts before the card reader system recognizes the data. This issues can be frustrating and embarrassing.

Not Secure
o

The magnetic stripe reader system also is not secure. The data usually is not encrypted as securely as "smart card" technologies that store much more data using a microchip inserted

into the card. Readers that fall into the wrong hands can easily be manipulated to steal data from unsuspecting victims.

Marine Environments
o

According to Net Card, card readers also are not optimal for working in marine environments, such as a store by a seashore. Salt water corrodes the heads of the magnetic stripe reader, making it more prone to malfunctioning and requiring repair or replacement.

7. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
To reduce these disadvantages we proposed a system which is based on RF card. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. Advantages of RFID system:

No line-of-sight contact necessary

The major advantage of all kinds of RFID system is that they work contactless and require no line of sight.

Robust system
Transponders can be read through a whole number of substances, e.g. snow, fog, ice, paint, dirt, and in difficult constructional scenarios where barcodes or other optical reading technologies would be no use at all.

Speed of an RFID system

RFID transponders can be read at remarkable speed even in difficult conditions, and in most cases respond in less than 100 milliseconds.

Bidirectional communication
The reading/writing capability of an active RFID system is also a significant advantage in interactive applications, e.g. when tracking products in process or maintenance jobs.

Reliability in tough environments

In difficult external conditions RFID has the advantage of being able to communicate

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contactless and without direct line-of-sight contact with the data medium. Where the transponder is doesn't matter either -- it can be read through substances like dust, paint or ice.

Bulk detection
Active and passive systems working at HF and UHF frequencies detect a number of transponders in the field. This property is called bulk capability. In practical terms it means that every data medium needn't be scanned singly, but is automatically detected during a read operation. RFID is surely not able to completely replace the traditional barcode. Rather, both technologies will exist parallel to each other in the future and will be used depending on the application. The decisive benefits of an RFID system are their scanning speed, lifetime and high noise immunity environmental influences.

8. MODEL:

11

Block Diagram:

12

Circuit

Diagram:

13

PROJECT SNAPSHOT

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9. CONCLUSION:
The project RFID Based Security System has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented. During this project we learnt about the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ATmega 238 microcontroller RFID principles and working Arduino IDE Interfacing the Induino R3 board with the RFID module and Motor Serial data communication

Finally we would like to thank our guide Prof. Krishnamoorthy A. for giving us this opportunity to learn.

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10. REFERENCES:
1. Arduino based website- http://www.jeremyblum.com
2. Jeremy Blum-website and tutorial videos. 3. www.thinkware.com 4. www.datasheetarchive.com 5. www.arduino.cc 6. www.playground.arduino.cc

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