PAST TENSE

PENGERTIAN
Bentuk tense yang pertama kali di kelompokan Past (masa lalu) adalah Simple Past atau Past Tense.Bentuk tense ini dipergunakan untuk mengumkapkan hal ,aktivtas atau kejadian (event) yang telah dilakukan atau terjadi di masa lalu.Simple past tense menguanakan jenis TO BE dan VERB 2,tobe 2 bisa kita lihat pada table berikut ini:
I You They We He She It I You They We He She It Was Were

Was

Did / Didn't

Kemudian untuk verb 2 , kita telah mengetahui bahasa inggris memiliki 2 kata kerja yaitu Regular Verbs dan Irregular Verbs, yang masing-masing memiliki perubahan bentuk dari present tense ke past tense yang berbeda.

Regular Verbs: Present Tense Study Play Help Irregular Vebs: Present Tense Come Take Write

Past Tense studied played helped

Past Tense came took wrote

RUMUS SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Rumus simple past yang menggunakan kata kerja Vebs 2. Subjeck + Verb 2 + Objek Contoh: He bought a pair of soes yesterday. Pada kalimat di atas menggunakan kata kerja bought(bentuk verb 2 dari kata buy).Hanya kalimat positif aja vebr 2 di gunakan. Rumus simple past yang mengunakan Tobe. Untuk tobe(was,were) biasanya diikuti kata sifat(adjective), kata keterangan(adverb), atau kata benda(noun). Subjeck +Tobe 2 Contoh: a.Adjective Cindy was very angry width her friend yesterday. Crawford was upset when she missed the rain yesterday. Febrian was very happy o n his birthday party last Sunday. b.Adverb:place and time Sisca was at home yesterday,sha was shick. Mr.Boy was in high school 1990 The riot was in May last year. c.Noun Silvia was a god singer several years ago. Mr.Boy was the chairman of the training. Ther was a training at the mandarn Hotel.

Bentuk Negative dan Interrogative a.Negative

Untuk membentuk kalimat negative,kita membutuhkan kata kerja bantuan didnt.Yang perlu di perhatikan,setelah kata kerja bantu didnt,kata kerja(verb 2) harus kembali ke dalam bentk verb 1. Subjeck + Did Not(didnt) + Verb 1 +objeck (+)Keke went shopping last Sunday. (-)Keke didnt go shopping last Sunday.

 (+)Febriana stayed at home last night. (-)Febriana didnt stay at home last night. Went Stayed Go Stay

b.Interrogative
Untuk membentuk kalimat interrogative,auxiliary did,was,were di tempatkan pada awal kalimat sementara verb 2 kembali ke bentuk verb 1.

Did + Subjeck + Objeck

Contoh: Did Keke go shopping last Sunday? Did Febriana stay home last night?

TIME EXPRESSION
Keterangan waktu (time expression) yang sering dihadirkan dalam penggunaan simple past tense ini adalah keterangan yang menunjukansaat tertentu di waktu yang lalu. 1.Yesterday: Yesterday Yesterday Morning Yesterday Afternoon 2.Last: Last week Last year Last month 3.Ago: An hour ago A week ago A year ago Three months ago 4.With preposition in,on,at: In 1995 In June last year At nine oclock yesterday At five oclock this morning On Saturday night last week

Past Tense di bagi beberapa kelompok ,yaitu: A.PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE B.PAST PERFECK TENSE C.PAST PERFECK CONTINUOUS TENSE

A.PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Continuous Tense adalah bentuk past dari present continuous tense.Fungsi utama past continuous tense adalah untuk mengungkapkan suatu hal,aktivitas atau kejadian (event) yang sedang di lakukan atau sedang terjadi pada saat tertentu di waktu lalu. Rumus: Subjeck + Was/Were + Infinitive + ing Contoh: I was sleeping all day yesterday. They were swimming in the river 2 days ago. Dalam past continuous tense bentuk kata regular dan irregular tidak diperlukan,karena dalam tense ini semua kata kerja tinggal di ubah menjadi kata kerja bentauk Verb Ing,lihat contoh berikut: Regular Play Climb Call Irregular Break Buy Drive

was playing was climbing was calling was breaking was buying was driving

Bentuk negative dan Interrogative

a.Negative Untuk membuat kalimat negative,kita hanya menambahkan not. Subjeck + Was/Were + Not + Infinitive + Ing Contoh: (+)I was sleeping all day yesterday. (-)I was not sleeping all day yesterday. (+)They were swimming in the river 2 days ago.

 (-)They were not swimming in the river 2 days ago. b.Interrogative Untuk membuat kalimat interrogative,tobe wa/were di tempatkan pada awal kalimat,sebelum subjeck. Was/Were + Subjeck + Infinitive + Ing Contoh: Were you sleeping all day yesterday? Were they swimming in the river 2 days ago?

TIME EXPRESSION
Time expression yang di pergunakan did lam past countinuous tense adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Dua buah keterangan waktu di masa lalu sering di pergunakan di dalan past continuous tense ini. Contoh: At 9:00 a.m. yesterday morning,the children were playing fottbal in the yard(at 9:00 a.m. dan yesterday adalah kata keterangan waktu) 2. Keteranagan waktu tentang kondisi(condition) berbentuk kalimat(clause),yang mana kondisi tersebut dapat berupa aktifitas atau kejadian di masa lalu.kata penghubung yang di pergunakan untuk menunjukan hal tersebut adalah when(ketika). Contoh: Tafana was climbing into the window to get in when I came to her 3. Time expression yang menunjukan bahwa suatu pekerjaan lain sedang dilakukan atau terjadi pada saat itu.Time expression ini ditunjukan dengan kata penghubung while(pada saat sedang). Contoh: While the teacher was writing on the blackboard,the student were writing on their notebooks.

B.PAST PERFECK TENSE

Fungsi paling mendasar dari past perfeck tense adalah untuk mengungkapkan hal,kejadian(event) yang telah selesai dilakukan atau telah selesai terjadi sebelum(before) batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau, atau sebelum hal, kejadian atau pekerjaan lain dilakukan atau terjadi di masa lampau. Rumus: Subjeck + had + Past Participle(Verb 3) Contoh: Mr.Boy had finished his study at the university before the age of 23. Rosha had got married before she graduated from the university.

Bentuk Negative dan Interrogative

a.Negative Untuk membentuk kalimat negative tidak mempergunakan auxilliary tertentu, akan tetapi cukup dengan menambahkan not pada auxiliary yang sudah ada, yaitu setelah had. Rumus: Subjeck + Had + Not + Past Participle(Verb 3) Contoh: 23. (+)Mr.Boy had finished his study at the university before the age of 23. (-)Mr.Boy had not finished his study at the university before the age of (+)Rosha had got married before she graduated from the university. (-)Rosha had not got married before she graduated from the university.

b.Interrogative Untuk membentuk kalimat interrogative,kita menmpatkan auxiliary had pada awalkalimat, yaitu sebelum subjeck kalimat.

Rumus: Had + Subjeck + Past Participle(Verb 3) Contoh: Had Mr.Boy finished his study at the university before tha age of 23? Had Rosha got arried before she graduated from the university?

Time Expression
Ekspresi keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan di dalam past perfeck tense adalah time expression berbentuk clause yang menggambarkan suatu aktifitas di masa lalu.Aktivitas tersebut ditunjukan dengan before (sebelum),When (ketikaa,pada saat),dan after (setelah). 1.Dengan preposisi before: Contoh: Her husband had taken a bath before he ate dinner. 2.Dengan relative pronoun when: Kadang suatu aktivitas telah baru saja selesai dilakukan ketika aktivitas tertentu lainya terjadi atau di lakukan. Contoh: The teacher had already started the class when I came. 3.Dengan preposisi after: Jika dengan prposisi before,pengunaan past perfeck ada pada main cluse,maka dengan preposisi after, penggunaan past perfeck ada pada sub clause. Contoh: After they had bought a new car in the company(sub clause),they began to build a big hause(main caluse).

C.PAST PERFECK CONTINUOUS TENSE Bentuk ini di pergunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dimulai dan masih berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

Rumus: Subjeck + Had + been Infinitive + Ing Contoh: Zetta had been working as a secretary for more than 6 months when she moved into anew office. The banks had been operating for more than ten years before they were finally liquidate by government last year.

Bentuk negative dan Interogative

a.Negative Untuk membentuk kalimat negative, cukup tambahkan not setelah auxiliary had. Rumus: Subjeck + Had Not + Been Infinitive + Ing Contoh: (+)Zetta had been working as a secretary for more than 6 months when she moved into anew office. (-)Zetta had not been working as a secretary for more than 6 months when she moved into anew office. (+)The banks had been operating for more than ten years before finally liquidate by government last year. (-)The banks had not been operating for more than ten years before finally liquidate by government last year.

b.Interrogative Untuk membentuk kalimat interrogative,letakan auxiliary had pada awal kalimat, atau sebelum. Rumus: Had + Subjeck + Been Infinitive + Ing Contoh: (+)Zetta had been working as a secretary for more than 6 months when she moved into anew office. (?)Had Zetta been working as a secretary for more than 6 months when she moved into anew office? (+)The banks had been operating for more than ten years before finally liquidate by government last year. (?)Had The banks been operating for more than ten years before finally liquidate by government last year?

Time Expression
1.Ekspresi keterangan waktu yang di pergunakan pada past parfeck continuous tense adalah dalam bentuk clause for(selama)..jangka waktu,before(sebelum).aktivitas lain dilakukan(bentuk past tense). Contoh: Had been reading magazine for 30 minutes before I came yesterday. Had been raining for more than an hour before we finally left 2.Ekspresi keteranga dengan mempergunakan until(past tense) Contoh: Until the end of December last years,they had been living in this city for more than ten years. 3.Ekspresi keterangan waktu dengan When. Contoh:

 I was swimming when one of my friend came to join. I had been swimming for about 30 minutes then.