INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET

WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
Some software applications are installed with an operating system installation and either depend on the operating system to function properly or help the operating system function properly. These kinds of applications are sometimes called system software because they are installed and, in a way, part of the operating system. System software can be essential to the functionality of other applications as well and not just the operating system. Not all system software is used directly by users and works in the background. Others are used in the forefront, like Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). While IE is not required for Internet browsing by Windows users, there are a number of other applications that rely on components of IE for the proper functionality, including parts of Windows.

SPECIALIZED APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Specialized Application Software is a software that is specially designed for an individual or company's specific needs. Application software, or more commonly known as "Apps", are basic programs for everyday use, such as; Office suites Accounting packages for example spreadsheets Graphics software Media player Enterprise software

The most popular software is Microsoft Office which consists of Office, Spreadsheets and PowerPoint presentations, emails and more. Continue

 When you purchase a computer most of these basic applications are already installed onto the computer and for most is enough to suit your needs. However some may need specific programs to do specialized jobs, this is more the case with companies or organizations that would need to have software specially designed for what their company requires.
You can create your own software and you don't have to be an IT genius to be able to do this, there are lots of websites that will help you start. You generally have to pay for this, but there is plenty of free advice. Once you have decided exactly what you need, then you can start your project. Some websites advertise that you can "create your own website in 30 minutes or your money back" I would suggest reading some reviews of others that may have used this before purchasing.

If you would rather not create your own software or simply haven't got the time, then leave it to the experts. There are plenty of freelance programmers out there but make sure you get some references first, as these can be extremely expensive and you need to be 100 per cent sure that they are capable of creating the program you need.

OUTPUT DEVICES
As the name output would suggest, output devices include all devices that you use to get information out of a computer. Printers, monitors, speakers, and headphones are all output devices.

T YPES OF COMPUTERS

SUPER COMPUTERS
When we talk about types of computers, the first type that comes to our mind would be Super computers. They are the best in terms of processing capacity and also the most expensive ones. These computers can process billions of instructions per second. Normally, they will be used for applications which require intensive numerical computations such as stock analysis, weather forecasting etc. Other uses of supercomputers are scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known super computer manufacturer is Cray Research. Some of the "traditional" companies which produce super computers are Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard.

MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds vi.e., hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive. Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and railways etc for their applications.

MINI COMPUTERS
Mini computers are lower to mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage capacity. They are also less expensive than mainframe computers. Some of the features of mainframes will not be available in mini computers. Hence, their performance also will be less than that of mainframes.

MICRO COMPUTERS
The invention of microprocessor (single chip CPU) gave birth to the much cheaper micro computers. They are further classified into Desktop Computers Laptop Computers Handheld Computers(PDAs)

INTERNET AND WEB

A l te r n a t i v el y r e f e r r e d to a s t h e n e t o r t h e w e b , t h e I n te r n et w a s i n i t i al l y d ev e l o p e d b y t h e I P TO w i t h t h e i n te n t i o n o f h e l p i n g to d ev e l o p t h e p r o g r e s s o f c o m p ut in g te c h n o l o g y b y l i n k i n g t h e w o r k b e i n g d o n e b y a l l t h e b e s t a c a d e m i c c o m p ute r c e n te r s . T h e I n te r n et a s w e k n o w i t to d ay f i r s t s t a r te d b e i n g d ev e l o p e d i n t h e l a te 1 9 6 0 ' s a n d t r a n s m it te d i t s f i r s t m e s s a g e o n Fr i d ay, O c to b e r 2 9 , 1 9 6 9 . I n 1 9 9 3 , t h e I n te r n et ex p e r i e n c ed o n e o f i t s l a r g e s t g r o w t h s to d a te a n d to d ay i s a c c e s s i b l e b y p e o p l e ev e r y w h e r e i n t h e w o r l d . T h e I n te r n et u t i l iz e s t h e T C P / I P p r o to c o l a n d i s a c c e s s e d u s i n g a c o m p ute r m o d e m o r n et w o r k t h a t i s c o n n e c te d t h r o ug h a n I S P. T h e I n te r n et c o n t a i n s b i l l i o n s o f w e b p a g e s c r e a te d b y p e o p l e a n d c o m p a n i e s f r o m a r o u n d t h e w o r l d , m a k i n g i t a l i m i t l es s l o c a t io n to l o c a te i n f o r m a t io n a n d e n te r t a i n m e n t . T h e I n te r n et a l s o h a s t h o u s a n d s o f s e r v i c e s t h a t h e l p m a ke l i fe m o r e c o nv e n i e n t . Fo r ex a m p l e , m a ny f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t ut i o n s o f f e r o n l i n e b a n k i n g t h a t e n a b l e s a u s e r to m a n a g e a n d v i ew t h e i r a c c o un t o n l i n e . I n t h e p i c t ur e to t h e r i g h t , i s a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a n d m a p o f t h e I n te r n et d o n e b y T h e O p te P r o j ec t .

WHAT IS CONNECTIVIT Y?
In general terms, connectivity is the ability to connect systems or application programs. Ideally, these connections are established without requiring many changes to the applications or the systems on which they run. Application programs may need to communicate with each other to complete transactions or to ef fectively balance resources at an installation.

COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics.

SOURCES
C h a p te r b o o k h t t p : / / w w w. te c h o p e d ia . c o m/ d e fi ni t i o n / 2 5 5 97 / c o m p ute r - n et wo r k h t t p : / / p u b l ib . b o ul d er. i b m.c o m / i n fo c e n te r / z v m / v 5 r 4 / i n d ex .j s p ? to p i c = / c o m .i b m .z v m . v 5 4 . h c p a 6 / h c s c 9 b 310 3 . h t m h t t p : / / w w w. c o mp ute rh o p e .c o m / j a r g o n / i / i n te r n et .h t m h t t p : / / w w w. c o mp ute r b a s i c s g ui d e .c o m / b a s i cs / t yp e s .h t m l h t t p : / / te c h n o lo g y.b l ur t i t .c o m / 977 3 47 / w h a t - i s - s p ec i a l iz e d - a p p l i ca t i o n - s o f t wa r e h t t p : / / w w w. c o mp ute rh o p e .c o m / j a r g o n / s / s y s t s o f t .h t m