Disease

Causative agent

Incub ation perio d 5-10 years

Communi cable days Entire course of illness

Mode of Transmissio n needles, mother to fetus, blood, unprotected sex *Found in: blood, saliva, semen, va inal dischar e, breastmil!, tears direct* indirect contact 7hru soil contaminated by human feces containin hoo!1orm ova s!in infection: contact 1ith tissue %un infection : airborne ;"7:in estion

Diagnost ic

Pathognom onic sign

Treatment

Precaution

Type of Immunity after the dse +o immunity to &",$

Vector name/carri er "nfected Humans

AIDS

Human immunodeficie ncy virus

H"# antibody test $creenin : E%"$& 'onfirmat ory : (estern blot $tool exam $erolo ic exam $tool exam

Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea

$ymptomati c

)lood*body fluids

Amoebiasis -amoebic dysentery.

Entamoeba hystolitica

/-0 1ee!s

Entire duration of illness Entire duration of illness

,iarrhea 1ith alternatin constipation, eructations, fever, anorexia #oracious appetite8 9ot belly

2etronida3ol e 4fla yl5 'hloro6uine

isolation

$hort-lived immunity

$tools containin the or anism round1orms

An ylostomiasis !"oo #orm disease$

&ncylostoma duodenale

1-/ days

'ombantrine * antiox

enteric

&rtificial active

Anthra% 4mali nant edemia*mali nant pustule* moulster dse:* ra pic!er dse:5

)acillus anthracis

Fe1 hours -1 day

+o evidence of direct spread from person to person: &rticles and soil contamina ted 1ith

&nthrax blood tests $!in tests <espirator y secretion tests $erolo ic and ,+& tests

Hemorrha ic 2ediastinitis

+one

<espiratory (ound and $!in precaution Enteric

+atural active* prolon ed immunity

"nfected animals and products 'ontaminate d soil

spores may remain infective for years Ascariasis &scaris lumbricoides &bout 10 days = months after infection up until about 1 year ?ntil menin oc occi are not present in the mouth and nasal dischar e s ?ntil the causative a ent is still present ?ntil 'andida albicans is present 7hru soil contaminated by human feces and contaminated food and 1ater ,roplet $tool exam #oracious appetite8 9ot belly 'ombantrine * antiox enteric &rtificial passive 1orms

&acterial Meningitis

+eisseria menin itidis

/-> days

%umbar puncture

+uchal ri idity @erni As si n )rud3ins !iAs si n Bpisthoto nic position Foul fishy odor

9enicillin

respiratory

+one

Endo enous or anisms

&acterial vaginitis

;ardanella va inalis

/-10 days

,irect contact

#a inal pH C 0:5

2etronida3ol e

'ontact

none

(omen

Candidiasis *'aused by ti ht clothin and humid 1eather

'andida albicans

=-5 days

,irect*sexual contact

(et mount: $crapin s obtained from s!in, nails, oral or va inal mucosa ,irect exam of cells8 en3yme lin!ed

(omen: thic!, curdy, cheeseli!e dischar e 1ith offensive odor 9ainful coitus *2en: urethritis, dysuria *(omen: thic! va inal dischar e 1*

+ystatin 4mycostatin5

'ontact

+one

+ormal flora of the di estive and uro enital tracts of humans "nfected mother 2E+

Chlamydia 'hlamydia trichomatis 1-1= days ?ntil the disease is still present

2ucous membrane8 $exual contact

ttt 1* ,oxycycline* 7etracycline

'ontact

+one

acrid color

Dengue "emorrhagic 'ever

,HF ,HF ,HF ,HF

1 = / 0

0-> days

+ot !no1n but the patient cans pass it throu h mos6uito and blood 1hile still febrile 1-= days in tttd pts: =-0 1!s in untttd pts

bite of infected Aedes aegypti mos6uito

7ourni6ue t test 4D5 ')' hema lu tination test

%ate afternoon fever

$ymptomati c

'ontact

+one: patient may develop antibodies but may be infected by stron er strain &rtificial &ctive

Aedes aegypti

Diphtheria 'orynebacteri um diptherine =-5 days

(l Tor !Cholera$

#ibrio cholerae

1-/ days

(nterobiasis

Enterobius vermicularis

0-> 1ee!s

+ot !no1n but presumed till 4D5 stool culture 1/ 1ee!s or until stool culture is 4-5

,irect contact of mouth secretions, "ndirect contact thru contaminated articles Fecal-oral thru contaminated food and 1ater 7hru anal-oral transmission of e s* indirect transmission from contaminated clothin *beddi n s*food mos6uito bite

$chic!As 7est 2oloneyAs 7est

9haryn eal lymphadeniti s

9enicillin Erythromyci n

'utaneous: contact 9haryn eal: strict

'ontaminate d mouth secretions and articles such as toys food and 1ater 1hich is contaminate 1ith #ibrio 'holerae 9in1orm, 7hread1orm or $eat1orm

'ulture of stool*vomi tus

<ice 1atery stools (asher 1omanAs hands +octurnal anal itchiness

7etracycline 9enicillin 9%<

enteric

&rtificial active

$tool exam

'ombantrine * antiox

enteric

7here is no immunity for enterobius vermicularis

'ilariasis !elephantiasis$

(uchecheria bancrofti

E-1> mont hs

"nfectious to the vector mos6uitoe s for as

+octurnal blood examinati on

%ymphadeniti s

Hetro3amor ,iethylcarba ma3ine citrate 4,E'5

enteric

&ctive

Aedes paecillus

lon as microfilari ae remain circulatin in the peripheral blood, may be up to 5 years )enital herpes Human herpes virus =-10 days =-F 1ee!s 2ucous membrane* s!in8 con enital 2ucous membrane* s!in8 con enital

&ssessme nt of symptoms

,irect exam of cells8 H$# antibodies 'ulture and sensitivity from cervix or urethra Brophary n eal s1ab culture #esicular smear

9ainful vesicular enital lesions 2en: urethral dischar e (omen: va inal dischar e

+o cure but can ive acyclovir* valacyclovir 4valtrex5 9enicillin

contact

&ctive

"nfected human

)onorrhea -clap, drip.

+eisseria onorrhea

=-10 days post coitus

Ends 1ithin hours if 1ith effective treatment 7ill 5th day of illness

'ontact

7here is no immunity to ;onorrhea

"nfected Human

Influen*a

"nfluen3a virus &,),'

1-/ days

,irect contact thru airborne route - ,irect thru droplet infection -"ndirect thru infected articles $exual intercourse, percutaneous, perinatal

$nee3in , fever

&mantidine H'l 4$ymmetrel5 $ymptomati c tx

<espiratory

&ctive

"nfected Human

"erpes +oster !Shingles$

&ctive )urnin , itchy pain <amsay-Hunt syndrome Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea strict

#aricella Goster virus

1-= 1!s

?ntil the last crust has fallen off Entire duration of the condition

"nfected Human

"uman immunodeficien cy virus !"IV$

<etrovirus

5-10 years

E%"$& (estern blot

&ntiretrovira l dru s

'ontact

There is no immunity to HIV.

isolation and use fluid precautions:

,aposi-s sarcoma

'ause is un!no1n but occurs primarily in individuals 1ith compromised immune system 4&",$5 2ycobacteriu m leprae

E-H years

Entire duration of the condition

$exual intercourse, needles

biopsy

9urplish lesions on s!in and mucus membranes

'hemothera py 4"#, "ntraarterial, "ntralesion5

)lood*body fluids

7here is no immunity to @aposiAs $arcoma

"nfected human

.eprosy -HansenAs disease.

1-5 years

&s lon as there are open lesions

,roplet infection

$mears8 %epromie s!in test8 2itsuda reaction

9aralysis8 'ontact dermatitis8 %esions

- <ifampicin dapsone 2ultibacillar y: rifampicin dapsone lamprene 9enicillin 7etracycline s

strict

none

"nfected human8 armadillos are suspected to be vectors

.eptospirosis -mud fever. -s1ineherdAs disease. -1ellAs fever.

%eptospira pyro enes

>-15 days

+one but leptospire s are found in the ptAs urine bet: 10-=0 days after onset

,irect contact 4brea! in the s!in5 thru a contaminated 1ater

)lood, '$F, urine culture & lutinat ion test

#ery hi h fever 2yal ia

contact

+one

mice

.yme-s disease

$pirochete borrella bur dorferi 9lasmodium vivax &nopheles mos6uito

none

7ic! bites 1: 9ersonperson thru mos6uito bite =:parenterally /: maternal blood to infant 0: transpla-

)ullAs eye rash a: blood smear b: malarial parasite c: spleenic biopsy Hepatome al y $pleenome a ly

no treatment 'hloro6uine 1: 0amino6ui nolones =: 9rima6ui ne /: $ulfonam ides

contact

none

,eer tic!s

Malaria -marsh fever. -palludism. -s1ineherdAs disease.

p: vivax: 1F days to sever al years

9: vivax : /-5 days

'ontact

none

&nopheles 2inimus Flavirostis

cental

Mumps

9aramyxovirus

10-=E days

F days before and H days after the parotid lands s1ell =0 years

- person to person - droplet infection

)lood exam #iral culture

parotitis

$ymptomati c tx

respiratory

+atural &ctive &c6uired

"nfected persons

Paragonomiasis

9ara omonim us (estermaniasia -9ara onimus $iamenser -9ar ominus heterotrema 9hthirus pubis

> 1ee!s

+ot directly transmitted from person to person

$tool exam

#oracious appetite pot belly

'ombatrine or antiox 9ra3i6uentre l

Enteric

+atural &ctive &c6uired

%un Flu!e

Pediculosis pubis !Pubic lice$

>-E days

Pertussis 41hoopin cou h5

)ordetella 9ertussis

F-10 days

&s lon as lice*e remain alive on infested person F days after exposure to / 1!s after onset of typical paroxysy ms variable

sexual intercourse, close physical contact

$crapin

$evere itchin

@etocona3ol e %indane )en3yl ben3oate Erythromyci n &mpicillin

'ontact

+o immunity to pediculosis pubis

%ice

,irect contact from droplet spread

'ou h plate culture

Forceful explosive cou hin

<espiratory

&rtificial active &c6uired

"nfected Humans

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

9neumocystis carinii

1-= mont hs

?n!no1n8 not transmitted from person to person

$putum culture

rusty sputum

&ntibiotics 2ucolytics Expectorant s

<espiratory

+atural &ctive

Fun us

Poliomyelitis -infantile paralysis.

%e io debilitants

F-10 days

2ost conta iou s a fe1 days before and after onset of symptoms "f not under oin any treatment

direct* indirect contact

%umbar testin 9andyAs test 2uscle testin $putum exam

Flaccid paralysis HoyneAs si n

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2ycobacteriu m tuberculosis

=-10 1!s

droplet

Hemoptysis, mucupurulen t sputum

9olio vaccine immuni3atio n, anal esics, a: sabin b: sac! 4attenuated vaccine5 <ifampicin "sonia3id 9yra3inamid e Ethambutol $treptomyci n $ymptomati c 4antirabies5

enteric

&rtificial active

'ontaminate d secretions* Humans

&irborne precaution

+atural active &c6uired immunity

"nfected human

/abies -hydrophobia disease. -lyssa. 7ypes: $treet virus-from do Fixed virus- from humans

<abies virus

,o s Icats :1 1ee!FJ mos: 2an: 0-E 1ee!s

,o s I cats: From /-5 days before the onset of symptoms until the entire course of illness

-from saliva of rabied animal

- History of exposure 2icroscop ic exam - ,evAt of symptoms Fluoresce nt rabies antibody 4F<&5 techni6ue Hema lu tination test Hema lu tination test

/ sta es: a: 9rodromal -body malaise b: Exciteme ntapprehen sion c: 7erminaldie 1ithin a day

$trict isolation

&ctive

$tray animals and 1ildlife

/ubella !)erman Measles$ * / ,ay measles /ubeola !Measles$ 0F days measles

<ubella virus

10-=1 days F days

Entire course of illness 5th day of the "9 until 1st day of rash

2easles virus 4paramyxoviru s-filterable virus5

&irborne droplet nuclei or close contact - ,roplet infxn - "ndirect thru contaminated articles 1* respi secretions

ForcheimerAs spot @opli!As spots $timsonAs line

$ymptomati c tx $ymptomati c tx

,roplet precaution respiratory

+atural active &c6uired immunity +atural active ac6uired immunity

"nfected humans humans

SA/S 'orona virus /-F days %ess than =1 days

- ,roplet spread8 - 'lose personperson contact ,irect* sexual contact *Found in axilla, 1rist, nipple, enitals, fin ers 2ainly contact 1ith respiratory droplets of infected person or carrier: ,irect penetration to cercaria to the s!in "n estion of contaminated food and 1ater

7hroat s1ab

Hi h rade fever

Bseltamivir

<E$9"<&7B< K +H5 2&$@* $?<;"'&% 2&$@

+o immunity

&nimal species sold in mar!et 4e: : masled palm civet cat58 humans House dust mites

Scabies $arcoptes scabie =0 hours =0 hours 'ulture 2icroscop ic examinati on "tchin , scarrin

- %indane 4@1ell5: apply to all body parts - )en3yl ben3oate - )enadryl penicillin

contact

7here is no immunity to scabies

Scarlet 'ever $treptococcus pyro enes 1-= days 10-=1 days

)lood tests, E$<

<ash, sore throat, fever -stra1berry ton ue.

strict

7here is no immunity to scarlet fever:

Fomites

Schistosomiasis -snail fever. -blood flu!e.

$chistosoma Laponicum

&t least = mont hs /-0 days

= days

,irect fecal smear

$1immerAs itch

7artar emetic $tibuphen 9ra3i6uantel &mpicillin 'otrimoxa3o le 'hloramphe nicol ,5%< &mpicillin8 9rocaine penicillin for adults but usually crystalline penicillin for children:

contact

&rtificial active

$nail

Shigellosis !Dysentery$

$hi ella dysenteriae

1-0 1!s

none

7enesmus &bdominal colic!y pain

enteric

&rtificial active

'ontaminate d food, fin ers, flies, feces and fomites 'hildren and adults 1ith chronic respiratory diseases

Streptoccocal Pneumonia

$treptococcus pneumoniae

1-/ days

?ntil dischar e s of mouth and nose no lon er contain virulent

,roplet spread, direct oral contact, or indirectly throu h articles freshly soiled 1ith

'HE$7 M<&K, ()' 'B?+7, $9?7?2 '?%7?<E

<usty sputum, fever and chills, chest indra1in

strict

&rtificial active

pneumoco cci in si nificant number Syphilis 7reponema pallidum H-H0 days ?p to = years8 as lon as there is a presence of infected lesions 7ape1orm persist for up to /0 years

respiratory dischar es: 9erson to person transmission is common sexual, perinatal, blood borne

&nticonvulsa nts for infants

,ar!field exam8 (asserm an test8 serolo ic tests

'han!er8 candyloma8 umma

9enicillin ,: 9E$

contact

+o vaccine available

"nfected person

Taeniasis

7aenia sa inata: beef 7aenia solium: por! ,iphyllobithriu m letum: fish tape1orm 'lostridium tetany

5-1= 1ee!s

"n estion of poorly coo!ed, contaminated por! or beef8

$tool exam

#oracious appetite8 9ot belly

'ombantrine *antiox

enteric

+one

7ape1orm

Tetanus / days/ 1ee!s &vera e: 10 days 1 mont h

&s lon as pores are viable

direct* indirect contact of infected 1ound

'ulture puncture 1ound

%oc! La1 $ardonic smile Bpisthotonus 2uscle spasms

+o treatment ,ia3epam,B'

contact

7";-artificial passive

?nsterile instruments8 soil and dust 1ith pores8 feces

Trichomoniasis

7richomonas va inalis

Entire duration of infection

sexual contact

#a inal secretion smear8 va inal pH C0:5

2alodorous reenishyello1 dischar e

2etronida3ol e 4fla yl5

contact

+one

9roto3oa, infected person

Trichonosis 7richinella spiralis Typhoid 'ever 1-= 1ee!s &s lon as round 1orms are viable &s lon as bacteria are excreted ?ntil the crust has fallen off 'ommuni cable for life

"n estion of uncoo!ed por! "n estion of contaminated food and 1ater ,irect droplet infection8 "ndirect thru linens I fomites 2ucous membrane8 $exual contact8 con enital

$tool exam

#oracious appetite8 9ot belly <ose $pots

'ombantrine *antiox

enteric

none

<ound 1orms Human, flies, fomites

$almonella typhii

10-=0 days

(indal test

'hloramphe nicol 'otrimoxa3o le &cyclovir

enteric

Bnly artificially ac6uired immunity 4vaccine5 +atural &ctive &c6uired "mmunity 7here is no immunity to venereal 1arts

Varicella +oster !Chic en Po%$

Herpes virus varicellae

0-=1 days

&ntibody titers

2aculopapulo rash

strict

"nfected Human, fomites "nfected Human

Venereal #arts !Condylomata acuminata$

Human papilloma virus

1-/ mont hs

,irect exam8 biopsy

'auliflo1er li!e cluster on perineum*va ina* penis +ausea, vomitin , fati ue 2yal ia &rthral ia

$ilver sulfide and cautery @etocona3ol e

'ontact

"epatitis A H0N pro nosis "epatitis & 15 N pro nosis

Hep & virus

15-50 days 0E1E0 days

Hep ) virus

F ,&K$ BF B+$E7 BF O&?+,"'E F ,&K$ BF B+$E7 BF O&?+,"'E F ,&K$ BF B+$E7 BF O&?+,"'E 7hou ht to be most infectious before the onset of

fecal-oral

$tool culture ')', Hbs &

"#F &%9H&"+7E<FE<B+ %&2"#?,"+E &,EFB#"< 9E;K%&7E, "+7E<FE<B+ ("7H <")&#"<"+ &%9H&"+7E<FE<B+ ;&22& ;%B)?%"+

enteric

)lood*body fluids

enteric

+atural &ctive &c6uired "mmunity Bnly artificially ac6uired immunity 4vaccine5 +o immunity

"nfected Human, fly "nfected Human

"epatitis C

Hep ' virus

101E0 days 10-5> days

)lood*body fluids )lood*body fluids

')'

hepatome al y 2yal ia, arthral ia

"nfected )lood and blood products contaminate d 1ith H,#

enteric &rtificial &ctive enteric

"epatitis D 15 N pro nosis

H,#

')'

symptoms "epatitis ( M1T: H0N pro nosis +atural &ctive &c6uired "mmunity "nfected Human, possibly mon!eys, pi s, co1s, rodents, sheep or oats

HE#

15->0 days

From 10 days after the appearan ce of Laundice for a further = 1ee!s: F ,&K$ BF B+$E7 BF O&?+,"'E

fecal-oral

$tool exam

&bdominal pain

"#F

enteric

"epatitis ' F5N pro nosis "epatitis ) F5N pro nosis

HF#

10-=0 days

fecal-oral

')'

&symptomati c <ashes

'orticosteroi ds 'orticosteroi ds

enteric

H;#

)lood*body fluids

')'

enteric

+o "mmunity for Hepatitis F 7here is no vaccine yet for H;#

"nfected stool of posttransfusion )lood and blood products contaminate d 1ith H;#