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2. (a) What are views? Discuss the problems encountered in modifying database
through views.
(b) What is an embedded SQL? Give examples. [10+6]
3. (a) Explain the limitations of static hashing. Explain how this is overcome in
dynamic hashing.
(b) Write a note on indexed sequential files. [10+6]
4. (a) Give the implementation algorithms for union and set-difference based on
sorting and hashing.
(b) Discuss about demand driven pipeline and producer driven pipeline. [8+8]
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Code No: NR410210 NR
6. (a) Construct an E-R diagram for university registrar’s office. The office maintains
data about each class, including the instructor, the enrollment and the time
and place of the class meetings. For each student class pair, a grade is recorded.
Determine the entities and relationships that exist between the entities. Also
construct the tabular representation of the entities and relationships.
(b) What is an entity type? What is an entityset? Explain the difference between
the entity, entity type and entityset? [10+6]
7. (a) What is two phase locking protocol? How does it guarantee serializability?
(b) Compare 2PL with conservative 2PL . [10+6]
[6+10]
8. (a) If a system fails repeatedly during recovery, what is the maximum number of
log records that can be written (as a function of number of update and other
log records written before crash) before restart completes successfully.
(b) What is the oldest log record that we need to retain?
(c) If a bounded amount of stable storage is needed for the log, how can we ensure
that there is always enough stable storage to hold all log records written during
restart? [5+5+6]
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