Kyalwazi ! Beverly Kyalwazi Dr. Erin Dietel-McLaughlin Multimedia Writing & Rhetoric, ection !" !! #cto$er %&!

" ' elma to Montgomery( During the )our-day march )rom elma to Montgomery in !*+,, -hotogra-her, Matt .erron too/ a -hotogra-h o) the marcher0 ca-turing their emergence )rom o--re00ion a0 they made their way to 1la$ama20 ca-ital to 0ecure their voting right0. 3hi0 -hotogra-h goe0 $eyond the e4-ectation0 o) viewer0 o) the !*+&0 5ivil Right0 Movement $ecau0e it de-art0 )rom the common -hotogra-h o) the -eriod that u0ually de-icted 1)rican 1merican 0truggle0 and 0u))ering a0 they 0ought out )reedom )rom o--re00ion. 1ccording to Lloyd 6. Bitzer, 'Rhetorical di0cour0e i0 called into e4i0tence $y 0ituation( 7*8. 9n thi0 ca0e, .erron20 -hotogra-h de-icting the elma to Montgomery March )unction0 a0 a 0ituation that $ring0 a$out di0cour0e or a reaction )rom viewer0. Bitzer goe0 on to e4-lain in hi0 -a-er that a rhetorical 0ituation invite0 a )itting re0-on0e )rom the viewer0. .erron20 -hotogra-h i0 one o) the mo0t well /nown 5ivil Right0 image0 $ecau0e it allow0 viewer0 to analyze the 0ituation de-icted and di0cu00 it0 meaning in conte4t with the time -eriod. 3hrough the u0e o) rhetorical mechani0m0, .erron20 wor/ tran0cend0 other -hotogra-h0 ta/en a0 hi0torical record0 $ecau0e it -re0cri$e0 to the art o) -er0ua0ion thu0 eliciting a re0-on0e )rom the audience or viewer0 o) the -hotogra-h. .erron e))ectively u0e0 rhetorical element0 including )raming, 0ym$oli0m, and logo0 to 0u--ort hi0 argument that 1)rican 1merican0 will move )orward )rom o--re00ion and the 0ecure right0 they are entitled to, contrary to the idea that they are hel-le00 victim0. 3he low-angle 0hot .erron u0e0 e0ta$li0he0 a $oundary $etween viewer0 and the con)lict

Kyalwazi % at hand, which ultimately in)luence0 viewer02 analy0i0 o) the -hotogra-h. 9n .erric/20 article, '1n #verview o) Rhetoric,( he de)ine0 arrangement, an element that a00i0t0 the goal o) -er0ua0ion. .e 0ay0, '1rrangement re)er0 to the -lanned ordering o) a me00age to achieve the greate0t e))ect:( 7!;8. 3he -reci0e camera mea0ure0 and angle0 u0ed $y .erron and other -hotogra-her0 com$ine to -roduce a -ro)ound e))ect on a viewer20 inter-retation o) a -hotogra-h. .erron20 u0e o) a low angle 0hot i0 e))ective in ma/ing viewer0 )eel a0 i) they are loo/ing u- at the marcher0. When 9 )ir0t loo/ed at thi0 -hotogra-h at the nite Mu0eum, 9 )elt a clear 0en0e o) -hy0ical 0e-aration )rom the image o) the marcher0 $ecau0e o) thi0. 3hi0 e))ect o) ma/ing viewer0 )eel a0 i) they are loo/ing u- at the marcher0 -lay0 a ma<or role in de)ining $oundarie0 $etween the march that too/ -lace and the viewer0. 3he $oundary de)inition0 are crucial in 0u--orting .erron20 argument $ecau0e they )orce viewer0 to ta/e a 0te- $ac/ )rom the image and thu0 their -rior mi0conce-tion0 o) 1)rican 1merican0. 6rom a viewer20 -oint-o)-view, the image angle al0o e))ect0 the -ortrayal o) the marcher0, a0 their $odie0 0eem elongated and am-li)ied in 0ize. 3hey hold erect 0tature0 and digni)ied 0tance0. 3he erect and digni)ied -re0ence o) the marcher0 i0 enhanced through camera angle0 giving viewer0 a 0en0e o) the marcher02 con)idence and determination. 3hu0 viewer0 are -er0uaded to conclude that 1)rican 1merican0 will $e victoriou0. =iewer0 are )urther inclined to come to thi0 conclu0ion due to .erron20 0trong u0e o) 0ym$oli0m. 3he 0ym$oli0m ca-tured in the -hotogra-h -er0uade0 viewer0 to $elieve that 1)rican 1merican0 will overcome o--re00ion. 9n .erric/20 article, '1n #verview o) Rhetoric,( a--eal0 are de)ined a0 'tho0e 0ym$olic 0trategie0 that aim either to elicit an emotion or to engage the audience20 loyaltie0 or commitment0( 7!"8. 3he 0ym$olic element0 -re0ented in the image engage the audience $y a--ealing to .erron20 argument that 1)rican 1merican0 will $e

Kyalwazi " victoriou0. #ne o) the mo0t 0ym$olic element0 o) the -hotogra-h i0 the $rea/ in the 0/y 0e-arating the dar/ cloud0 overhead the marcher0 )rom the clear 0/ie0 that lie ahead o) them. 3hi0 0ym$oli0m can $e 0een a0 an indication o) the $etter time0 that lie ahead )or 1)rican 1merican0, a0 they $rea/ )ree )rom the o--re00ion that 0urround0 them. 1nother 0ym$olic element de-icted in the vi0ual i0 the 1merican )lag, which 0ym$olically re-re0ent0 1)rican 1merican0 0ta/ing their claim to their 0hare o) 'the land o) the )ree.( 1)rican 1merican0 )ought to o$tain the 0ame right0 a0 other 1merican0 0uch a0 the right to vote. 3he )lag thu0 0ym$olize0 their 0en0e o) $elonging to 1merica and the right0 they are entitled to $ecau0e o) it. 10 viewer0, a)ter 0eeing 0uch 0trong evidence o) trium-h over o--re00ion, our tendency to commit our0elve0 to .erron20 argument i0 even greater. 1--eal0 to logo0 are ingrained in the -hotogra-h and enli0t viewer0 to $elieve that 1)rican 1merican0 0tand a chance in com$ating hatred through unity. 3he article '=i0ualizing Rhetoric,( 0tate0 1ri0totle20 de)inition o) logo0 a0 'the actual te4t o) the 0-eech, which wa0 directly a00ociated with the u0e o) rea0oning to convince the audience o) the author20 -oint o) view.( 9n thi0 ca0e the image a--eal0 to logo0 $ecau0e -roo) o) unity and integration ca-tured $y the -hotogra-h lead viewer0 to rea0on that 1)rican 1merican0 will $e )reed )rom o--re00ion and 0ecure their right0. 9n the image there i0 a 0trong 0en0e o) unity -re0ent in the marcher0 and )elt $y viewer0. 3hi0 unity i0 -rimarily )elt a0 a re0ult o) the great num$er0 o) marcher0 -re0ent and the )act that the march i0 integrated. .erron u0e0 a wide 0hot which allow0 viewer0 to 0ee the marcher0 a0 they -roceed in their march to Montgomery yet viewer0 don2t 0ee all the marcher0 a0 the line 0tretche0 $eyond the )rame ca-tured. 3heir 0trength in num$er0 ma/e0 viewer0 $elieve that they will $e a 0trong )orce to rec/on with. 6urthermore, the integration o) 1merican0 in the march ma/e0 the argument that 1)rican 1merican0 will accom-li0h their goal0 credi$le $ecau0e

Kyalwazi ; it -rove0 to viewer0 that other0 are 0u--ortive o) the 1)rican 1merican02 goal0 to o$tain )reedom. 3he0e a--eal0 to logo0 -re0ent in the -hotogra-h lead viewer0 to deduce that 1)rican 1merican0 will overcome o--re00ion> however, mo0t -hotogra-h0 o) the 5ivil Right0 Movement generated the o--o0ite e))ect. Many renowned -hotogra-h0 )rom the 5ivil Right0 movement de-ict the a$u0e, violence, and in<u0tice0 e4-erienced $y 1)rican 1merican0. 1 -hotogra-h $y 5harle0 Moore -ortray0 three hel-le00 1)rican 1merican teenager0 -inned again0t a wall a0 a <et o) high--re00ure water -ierce0 them. 1nother -hotogra-h ta/en $y Bill .ud0on illu0trate0 an 1)rican 1merican teenager $eing attac/ed $y viciou0 -olice dog0. Both o) the0e -hotogra-h0 are iconic image0 a00ociated with the 5ivil Right0 movement. 10 a re0ult, there i0 a common mi0conce-tion that 1)rican 1merican0 were alway0 victim0. .erron20 -hotogra-h hel-0 to 0ur)ace the truth that 1)rican 1merican0 were re0ilient and thu0 a$le to 0ecure their )reedom and right0. ?everthele00, i) .erron20 -hotogra-h had not -re0cri$ed to the rhetorical element0 o) )raming, 0ym$oli0m, and logo0, viewer0 would not $e -er0uaded to analyze and re0-ond to the -hotogra-h. 3he content and -reci0ion o) the angle u0ed to ca-ture thi0 -hotogra-h allow )or viewer0 to ma/e an inter-retation a$out the -hotogra-her20 intention0 o) it0 meaning. 3he u0e o) )raming, 0ym$ol0, and a--eal0 to logo0 0trengthen the connection $etween viewer0 and the image, ma/ing it a timele00 -hotogra-h. 10 a re0ult thi0 -hotogra-h ta/en decade0 ago, 0till manage0 to re0ur)ace today in the @niver0ity o) ?orte Dame nite Mu0eum.

Kyalwazi , Wor/0 5ited Bitzer, Lloyd 6. A3he Rhetorical ituation.A Ban. !*+C. Lecture. .erric/, Bame0. A1n #verview o) Rhetoric.A The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction. ,th ed. ?.-.D n.-., %&!%. *-!". Erint. Karale0, Bame0. A elma to Montgomery March to Erote0t ?ew =oter Law0.A The Louisiana Weekly. ?.-., n.d. We$. ! #ct. %&!". Fhtt-DGGwww.loui0ianawee/ly.comG0elma-tomontgomery-march-to--rote0t-new-voter-law0GH. A elma-Montgomery March.A Civil Rights Digital Library. Ed. Digital Li$rary o) Ieorgia. ?.-., %&!!. We$. !! #ct. %&!". Fhtt-DGGcrdl.u0g.eduGevent0G0elmaJmontgomeryJmarchGH.