Rr210202 Pulse and Digital Circuits

Code No: RR210202 Set No.
1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Electronics & Telematics and Electronics &
Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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V ′ V
1. (a) Verify V1 = 1+ e− T /2RC
V1 = 1+eT / 2RC
(figure1a)
Figure 1a
For a symmetrical square wave applied to a high pass RC circuit. [10]
(b) Draw the RC high pass circuit and explain its working with step voltage input.
[6]
2. (a) Give the circuits of series clipper circuits and explain their operation with the
help of transfer characteristics. [8]
(b) For the circuit shown in the figure 2b : sketch the input and output waveforms
if R = 1 KΩ [8]
Figure 2b
VR = 10 V, Vi = 20 Sin ωt
Rf = 100 Ω Rr =∝
Vγ = 0
3. (a) Describe the switching times of BJT by considering the charge distribution
across the base region. Explain this for cut off, active and saturation regions.
[8]
(b) Define the following terms:
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Code No: RR210202 Set No. 1
i. storage time
ii. delay time
iii. rise time
iv. fall time. [8]
4. Explain how to draw the various waveforms and calculate their volatage levels in
an emitter-coupled monostable multi. [16]
5. Design a sweep circuit using UJT with η = 0.5. The sweep amplitude is to be 10V,
the sweep duration is 1 msec. and the sweep-speed error is 10%. Select suitable
values of VBB , Vyy , R and C. Estimate the recovery time. [16]
6. (a) Explain the principle of “synchronization” and ‘synchronization with frequency

division’. [8]
(b) Explain the method of pulse synchronization of relaxation devices, with ex-
amples. [8]
7. (a) Illustrate with neat circuit diagram, the operation of unidirectional sampling
gate for multiple inputs. [8]
(b) Explain with circuit diagram the operation of a two input sampling gate which
does not have any loading effect on control signal. [8]
8. (a) Compare the diode controlled and RC controlled astable operated blocking
oscillator. [6]
(b) What are the advantages of RC controlled oscillator? [4]
(c) List the applications of blocking oscillators. [6]
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1. (a) A pulse is applied to a low-pass RC circuit. Prove by direct integration that

the area under the pulse is same as the area under the output waveform across
the capacitor. Explain the result. [10]
(b) Write a short notes on Highpass RC circuit as a differentiator. [6]
2. (a) Give the circuits of series clipper circuits and explain their operation with the
help of transfer characteristics. [8]
(b) For the circuit shown in the figure 2b : sketch the input and output waveforms
if R = 1 KΩ [8]
Figure 2b
VR = 10 V, Vi = 20 Sin ωt
Rf = 100 Ω Rr =∝
Vγ = 0
[8]
i. storage time
ii. delay time
iii. rise time
iv. fall time. [8]
4. (a) What is meant by blocked condition of an stable multi ? Explain when it
occurs? Draw the circuit of the free running multi that cannot block. [8]
(b) Show that the period of oscillation of the above non-blocking freerunning multi
is T=2RC ln2, if all the forward bias junction voltages are neglected. [8]
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5. (a) Write important applications of time-base circuits. With reference to time
base circuits define the following terms: [8]
i. Flyback time
ii. Transmission error.
(b) What is meant by triggered sweep? What are the merits and demerits of
triggered sweep circuits. [8]

division’. [8]
amples. [8]
7. (a) Distinguish between logic gate and sampling gate. [4]

(b) Why is a sampling referred as a linear gate? [4]
(c) Illustrate the principle of operation of a linear gate using series switch and
shunts witch. What are the disadvantages? [8]
8. Explain with neat circuit diagram of triggered blocking oscillator with emitter tim-
ing. Draw the equivalent circuit and show the current and voltage waveforms.
Derive an expression for current pulse width. [16]
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1. (a) A symmetrical square wave whose peak-to-peak amplitude is 2V and whose

average value is zero is applied to an RC integrating circuit. The time constant
is half the period of the square wave. Find the peak-to-peak value of the output
amplitude. [10]
(b) Write a short note on RC low pass circuit. Draw the output if a step input is
applied. [6]
2. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of slicer circuit using Zener diodes and explain its
operation with the help of its transfer characteristic. [6]
(b) For the circuit shown in figure 2b:
Figure 2b
If R = 1KΩ, VR2 = 10V, VR1 = 7 V
Rf = 0 and Rr =∝
i. Sketch the transfer characteristic
ii. If Vi = 20 sin ωt sketch the input and output waveforms. [10]
[8]
i. storage time
ii. delay time
iii. rise time
iv. fall time. [8]
4. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of an astable multi and explain its operation. [10]
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(b) A collector-coupled astable multi uses n-p-n transistors with hF E (min)=30.The
parameter values are:
R1 = R2 = 50 KΩ and C1 = C2 = 0.1 µF .
Find the pulse width, period and frequency of the output. [6]
5. (a) Define the terms:

i. Slope or sweep speed error and [6]
ii. Displacement error
(b) An exponential sweep results when a capacitor is charged from a supply voltage
V through a resistor R. If the peak sweep voltage is Vs , derive an expression
for stope error (es). [10]

division’. [8]
amples. [8]
7. (a) Distinguish between logic gate and sampling gate. [4]

(b) Why is a sampling referred as a linear gate? [4]
(c) Illustrate the principle of operation of a linear gate using series switch and
shunts witch. What are the disadvantages? [8]
8. Explain the operation of free running blocking oscillator (diode controlled) with
neat sketch of current and voltage waveforms. Derive the expression for period and
duty cycle of oscillations. [16]
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1. Draw the different output waveforms of a RC High Pass circuit when it is applied
with different inputs like
(a) Step-voltage input, [5]
(b) pulse input [5]
(c) square wave input. [6]
Explain the same.
2. (a) Draw the basic circuit diagram of negative peak clamper circuit and explain
its operation. [6]
(b) For the circuit shown in figure 2b, an input voltage Vi linearly varies
from 0 to 150 V is applied. Sketch the output voltage V0 to the same time
scale. [10]
Assume ideal diodes.
Figure 2b
[8]
i. storage time
ii. delay time
iii. rise time
iv. fall time. [8]
4. Design a collector-coupled monostable multi to obtain an output pulse of
amplitude 6v and a gating time of 20usec,Ic (sat)=6mA,the base drive required for
the ON transistor is 2 times IB (min). Assume that VCE (sat)=0,VBE (sat)=0&
hf e (min)=20. [16]
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5. (a) Explain the principle of working of Miller sweep circuit. Derive the expression
for sweep speed by taking Miller integrator circuit. [8]
(b) Draw a simple single stage transistor Miller integration circuit and explain
how it behaves as a time-base circuit. [8]

division’. [8]
amples. [8]
7. Explain the operation of bi-directional sampling gate using diodes. Give the equiv-
alent circuit and derive the expression for gain. Derive the expressions for minimum
control voltages required. [16]
8. Explain the operation of free running blocking oscillator (diode controlled) with
neat sketch of current and voltage waveforms. Derive the expression for period and
duty cycle of oscillations. [16]
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Code No: RR210202 Set No.

6. (a) Explain the principle of “synchronization” and ‘synchronization with frequency

1. (a) A pulse is applied to a low-pass RC circuit. Prove by direct integration that

6. (a) Explain the principle of “synchronization” and ‘synchronization with frequency

7. (a) Distinguish between logic gate and sampling gate. [4]

1. (a) A symmetrical square wave whose peak-to-peak amplitude is 2V and whose

5. (a) Define the terms:

6. (a) Explain the principle of “synchronization” and ‘synchronization with frequency

7. (a) Distinguish between logic gate and sampling gate. [4]

6. (a) Explain the principle of “synchronization” and ‘synchronization with frequency

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