Code No: RR211401 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS & FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Discuss the concept of continuum in thermodynamics. [6]

(b) What do you mean by property? Distinguish between intensive and extensive
Properties. [4+6]

2. (a) Prove that for a constant pressure non flow process the change in enthalpy
equal to heat transfer. [8]
(b) Derive the steady state flow energy equation and explain the perpetual motion
machine of first kind. [8]

3. (a) State the corollaries of II law of thermodynamics. [8]

(b) A perfect gas(air) is cooled in a cylinder-piston arrangement reversibly at
constant pressure from a temperature of 2000 C to 300 C . Calculate the change
of entropy per kg of air. [8]

4. (a) Explain third law of Thermodynamics. [6]

(b) A tank holds 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 400 C, and another tank holds 1 kg of air
at 200 kPa, 400 C. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa, 200 C. In which tank is the
stored energy is greater? Determine the availability of the air in each tank.
[10]

5. (a) Which is the most efficient cycle (i.e. Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and Dual cycle)
for the same compression ratio and heat rejection ? Explain with the help of
p-v and T-s diagrams? [8]
(b) Calculate the difference in thermal efficiency of Diesel cycle with compression
ratio of 14 and the cut off increases from 4% to 7% of the stroke? [8]

6. (a) Derive the equation for capillarity rise or depression in a small tube depressed
in a fluid . [8]
(b) Carbon tetrachloride has a dynamic viscosity of 9.67 × 10−4 Pa- sec and a
kinematic viscosity of 6 × 10 −7 m2 / sec. Determine its relative density and
specific weight. [8]

7. (a) What do you understand by stream tube ? Explain in detail. [8]

(b) The stream function and velocity potential for a flow are given by ψ= 2xy
and φ= x2 -y2 . Show that the conditions of continuity and irrotational flow
are satisfied. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 1
8. (a) Explain momentum thickness, energy thickness and displacement thickness.
[8]
(b) Find the frictional drag on one side of the plate 20cm wide and 50cm long
placed longitudinally in a steam of crude oil (specific gravity 0.925, kinematic
viscosity 0.9 stoke) flowing with undisturbed velocity of 5 m/sec. Also find
the thickness of boundary layer and the shear stress of the trailing edge of the
plate. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS & FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What do you mean by the system? Discuss types of systems with one example
each. [2+4]
(b) What is the difference between heat and energy. [6]
(c) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equilibrium. [4]

2. A steam turbine operates under steady flow conditions. It receives 7200 kg/h of
steam from the boiler. The steam enters the turbine at an enthalpy of 2800 kj / kg,
a velocity of 4000 m/min. and at an elevation of 4m. The steam leaves the turbine
at an enthalpy of 2000 kj / kg, a velocity of 8000 m/min and at an elevation of
1m. Due to radiation, heat losses from the turbine to the surroundings amounts to
1580 kj / h. Calculate the output of the turbine. [16]

3. (a) Prove the Clausius inequality and hence prove that property entropy exist. [8]
(b) The volume of one kg air increases from 0.5 m3 to 1.3 m3 while its pressure
decreases from 1MPa to 0.25 MPa during a process. Then 100 kJ of heat is
added to it in a constant pressure process. Calculate the entropy change for
the whole events. Assume for air Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K
[8]

4. (a) Deduce an expression for the non-flow availability for a system. [8]
(b) A 2-kg piece of iron is heated from room temperature of 250 C to 4000 C by a
heat source at 6000 C. What is the irreversibility in the process? Assume for
iron Cp =0.450kJ/kgK. [8]

5. (a) Derive an expression for the mean effective pressure for an engine working
on an ideal Diesel cycle in terms of pressure at the beginning of compression,
compression ratio, cut-off ratio and the adiabatic index. [8]
(b) A four cylinder 4.5L engine which operates on an ideal Diesel cycle has a
compression ratio of 17 and cut-off ratio of 2.2. Air is at 270 C and 97kPa
at the beginning of the compression process. Using the cold air-standard
assumptions, determine how much power the engine will deliver at 1500rpm.
[8]

6. (a) Define bulk modulus of fluids. What is its significance? [8]

(b) A cylindrical shaft of 90 mm diameter rotates about a vertical axis inside
a fixed cylindrical tube of length 50 cm and 95 mm internal diameter. If
the space between the tube and the shaft is filled by a lubricant of dynamic

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 2
viscosity 2 poise, determine the power required to overcome viscous resistance
when the shaft is rotated at a speed of 240 rpm. [8]

7. (a) Define path line ? How do compare the same with stream line? [8]
(b) If φ = 3xy, find the velocity components at (1,3) and (3,3). Determine the
discharge between stream lines passing through these points. [8]

8. (a) Name the different forces present in a fluid flow. What is Euler’s equation of
motion for this equation which forces are taken into consideration? [8]
(b) Water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 30cm and 15 cm at the
bottom and upper end respectively. The intensity if pressure at the bottom end
is 29.43 N/cm2 and the pressure at the upper end is 14.715 N/cm2 . Determine
the difference in datum head if the rate of flow through pipe is 50 lit/sec. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS & FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Define a new temperature scale, say 0 M. At ice and steam point the temperatures
are 800 M and 3000 M respectively. Correlate this with centigrade scale. The 0 N
reading on this scale is a certain number of degrees on a corresponding absolute
temperature scale. Find this absolute temperature at 0 N. [16]

2. In a vessel 10 kg of oxygen is heated in a reversible, non flow, constant volume

process so that the pressure of oxygen is increased two times that of the initial
value. The initial temperature is 200 C. Calculate [16]

(a) the final temperature,

(b) the change in internal energy,
(c) the change in enthalpy and
(d) the heat transfer.
Take R = 0.259 kj / kg K and Cv = 0.652 kj / kg K for oxygen.

3. A heat pump is used to heat a house in winter and then reversed to cool the house
in summer. The interior temperature is to be maintained at 200 C. heat transfer
through the walls and roof are estimated to be 0.525 kJ/s per 0 C temperature
difference between the inside and outside. [16]

(a) If the outside temperature is 50 C in winter, what is the minimum power re-
quired to drive the heat pump.
(b) If the power output is same as in part
i. what is the maximum temperature for which the inside temperature can
be maintained at 200 C?

4. Starting from first law and using second law derive the Gibb’s equations and hence
deduce the Maxwell’s relations [16]

5. The compression ratio of a Diesel cycle 17 and the conditions at the beginning of
the compression are 1 bar, 0.12 m3 and 300 K. The maximum temperature of the
cycle is 1750 K, Calculate [16]

(a) the net work output,

(b) cycle efficiency and
(c) mean effective pressure.

6. (a) What is differential manometer ? Explain how it works? [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 3
(b) Find the pressure in N /m2 represented by a column of 10 cm of water, 4 cm
of oil of relative density 0.89 and 2 cm of mercury of specific gravity 13.6.
Specific weight of water is 9810 N / m3 . [8]

7. (a) When do you say the flow is rotational or irrotational ? Give suitable exam-
ples? [8]
(b) A stream function is given by ψ= x3 - y3 . Show that the flow can not be a
potential flow. [8]

8. (a) State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. Mention its limitations. [8]
(b) An oil of specific gravity 0.84 flows through a uniform diameter pipe at the
rate of 375 lit/sec. The energy head losses are 25 N-m/N per km length of
the pipe. Find the slope of the hydraulic grade and total energy lines and the
power lost per km of pipe. [8]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS & FLUID MECHANICS
( Common to Mechatronics and Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms state, path, process and cyclic process. [4x2=8]
(b) Discuss the macroscopic and microscopic point of view of thermodynamics.
[8]

2. A cylinder fitted with a piston has an initial volume of 0.1m3 and contains nitrogen
at 150kpa, 250 C. The piston is moved to compress the nitrogen until the pressure
is 1 Mpa and the temperature is 1500 C. The work done on the nitrogen is 20kJ.
Determine the amount of heat transfer from the nitrogen. [16]

3. (a) State and explain any four factors which render processes irreversible. [8]
(b) A reversible heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at 700 0 C and rejects
heat to another reservoir at temperature T2 . A second heat engine receives the
heat rejected by the first engine and rejects heat to a sink at 37 0 C. Calculate
temperature T2 for [8]
i. equal efficiency for both engines
ii. equal work for both engines

4. (a) Show that available energy decreases during heat transfer through finite tem-
perature difference. [8]
(b) A mass of 6.98 kg of air is in a vessel at 200 kPa and 270 C . Heat is transferred
to the air from a reservoir at 7270 C until the temperature of the air rises to
3270 C. The environment is at 100kPa, 170 C . Determine [8]
i. The initial and final availability of air and
ii. the maximum useful work associated with the process.
Assume for air Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287kJ/kg.K.

5. The compression ratio of Diesel cycle is 16, the temperature and pressure at the
beginning of the compression are 150 C and 0.1 Mpa respectively. Heat is added until
the temperature at the end of the constant pressure process is 14800C. Calculate
[16]

(a) the cut off ratio,

(b) heat supplied per kg of air,
(c) the cycle efficiency and
(d) mean effective pressure.

6. (a) Define fluid surface tension property . What are its examples? [6]

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Code No: RR211401 Set No. 4
(b) The velocity distribution in a viscous flow over a plate is given by u = 4y - y2
where u is velocity at distance y from the plate. If the coefficient of dynamic
viscosity is 1.5 Pa.sec, determine the shear stress at y=0 and at y=2. [10]

7. (a) When do you say the flow is rotational or irrotational ? Give suitable exam-
ples? [8]
(b) A stream function is given by ψ= x3 - y3 . Show that the flow can not be a
potential flow. [8]

8. (a) Write Bernoulli’s equation in the from of energy per unit mass, energy per unit
weight and energy per unit volume. Indicate the meaning of each term of the
equation and discuss its limitations. Mention some applications of Bernoulli’s
theorem. [8]
(b) A pipe through which water is flowing is having diameters 40cm and 20cm at
the cross sections 1 and 2 respectively. The velocity of water at section 1 is
given 5.0m/sec. Find the velocity head at the sections 1 and 2 and also the
discharge. [8]

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