Code No: RR310102 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the different functions of irrigation water.

(b) List out different Indian soils and their suitability for irrigation. [8+8]
2. (a) Define base period, crop period, Intensity of irrigation and cash crops.
(b) Water is released at the rate of 5 cumecs at the head sluice. If the duty at the
field is 100 hectares/cumec and the loss of water in transit is 30%, find the
area of the land that can be irrigated. [8+8]
3. (a) Define raingange density. Discuss the ISI norms for the raingange density.
(b) The average annual rainfall in Cm at 4 existing raingauge stations in a basin
are 105, 79, 70 and 66. If the average depth of rainfall over the basin is to
be estimated within 10 % error, determine the additional number of gauges
needed. [8+8]
4. (a) Why is base flow separated from total runoff. Describe any two methods of
separating the base flow from the total runoff.
(b) The peak ordinate of a flood hydrograph produced by a 4 hr storm yielding 6.7
cm of rainfall is observed to be 832 m3 /sec. If the base flow and φ index are 15
m3 /sec and 0.5 m/hr. what is the peak ordinate of the 4 hr unit hydrograph.
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain the Ground water movement. What are the assumptions made in the
theory of groundwater movement.
(b) A 30 cm well completely penetrates an unconfined aquifer of depth 40 m.
After a long period of pumping at a steady rate of 1500 lpm, the drawdown
in two observation wells 25 m and 75 m from the pumping well are found to
be 3.5 m and 2.0 m respectively. Determine the transmissivity of the aquifer.
What is the drawdown at the pumping well. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain what is meant by unlimited incoherent alluvium in the context of
Lacey’s theory. Discuss the limitations of Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theory in
their applicability.
(b) Design an irrigation channel section for discharge of 40 cumecs, silt factor 1.0
and side slope of 1:1. Determine the longitudinal slope also. [8+8]
7. (a) What is the difference between a diversion head works and storage head works.
What considerations will you have while selecting site for a diversion head
works.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 1
(b) What are the functions of a silt excluder. Discuss the various design consid-
erations. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain Khosla’s theory and concept of flow nets with the help of neat sketches.
(b) Explain the surface flow considerations involved in the design of thickness of
sloping glacis and the down stream floor of a weir for different flow consider-
ations. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Give a bird’s eye view of irrigation engineering, tracing the history of a drop
of water from the cloud to field.
(b) List out the ill effects of irrigation. How would you reduce the ill effects.[8+8]
2. (a) Distinguish between:
i. Crop rotation and Mixed cropping
ii. Base period and kor period
iii. Field capacity and available moisture.
(b) After how many days the farmer should apply water to his field to ensure
efficient use of irrigation water, if the field capacity is 27%, permanent wilting
point is 14%, density of soil is 1500 kg/m3 , effective root zone depth 0.75 m
and daily consumptive use of water is 11 mm. [9+7]
3. (a) Describe different methods of determining the average depth of rainfall over
an area. Bring out merits and demerits of each method.
(b) A 3 hour storm occurred at a place and the precipitations in the neighboring
raingauge stations P, Q and R were measured as 3.8, 4.1 and 4.5 cm respec-
tively. The precipitation in the neighboring station S could not be measured
since the raingauge is inoperative. The normal precipitations in the four sta-
tions P, Q, R and S as per IMD were 45, 48, 53 and 50 cm respectively.
Estimate the storm precipitation at station S. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain how runoff is estimated using Khosla’s method.
(b) Explain with a neat sketch how the storage requirement to meet a uniform
demand rate can be determined using a mass curve. [8+8]
5. (a) Distinguish between
i. Confined aquifer and unconfined aquifer
ii. Artesian well and flowing well
iii. Aquifer and Aquifuge.
(b) The elevation of water table in an unconfined aquifer at two locations sepa-
rated by a distance of 100 m is 1026.2 m and 1025.0 m respectively. If the
permeability of the aquifer is 12 m/ day and porosity is 15%, what is the
actual velocity of flow in the aquifer. [9+7]
6. (a) Explain the different steps and equations involved in the design of an alluvial
channel by Kennedy’s theory.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 2
(b) The bed slope of a regime channel is 1 in 5800. Determine the channel section
and discharge. The average particle size is 0.323 mm. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the requirements for an ideal site for a diversion head works. What
are the functions of diversion head works.
(b) What is the purpose of providing a fish ladder. Discuss the general consider-
ations for its design. [8+8]

8. Design a vertical drop weir using Bligh’s theory for the following data.

(a) Maximum flood discharge = 1200 cumecs.

(b) HFL before construction of weir = 172.5 m
(c) River Bed Level = 168.0 m
(d) FSL of canal = 171.5 m
(e) Allowable Afflux = 1 m
(f) Coefficient of creep = 11
The weir wall need not be designed and its dimensions may be taken as top
width = 3 m; Bottom width = 6 m. Assume any other data not given. [16]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on sub-surface irrigation, stating clearly the conditions under
which this method is suitable.
(b) Describe Border strip method of irrigation with the help of a neat sketch.[8+8]

2. (a) Describe with the help of a diagram various forms of soil moisture. What do
you understand by the available moisture.
(b) A field channel has culturable command area of 2000 hectares. The intensity
of irrigation for gram is 30% and for wheat is 50%. Gram has a kor period o
18 days and kor depth of 12 cm, while the wheat has a kor period of 15 days
and a kor depth of 15 cm. Calculate the discharge of the channel. [8+8]

3. (a) List out various practical applications of Hydrology.

(b) What are the basic data required for Hydrological studies. Name the agencies
from which the data can be obtained. [8+8]

4. (a) Sketch and explain a typical hydrograph resulting from an isolated storm.
(b) The observed hydrograph produced by a storm lasting for 3 hrs. with a uniform
intensity on a drainage basin of 835 km2 area has the following ordinates.
Time (hrs) Flow (m3 /sec) Time (hrs) Flow (m3 /sec) Time (hrs) Flow (m3 /sec)
0 12.7 24 99.0 48 30.3
3 156.0 27 85.0 51 26.9
6 255.0 30 73.6 54 23.8
9 212.4 33 62.6 57 21.2
12 184.0 36 53.5 60 18.7
15 158.6 39 46.0 63 18.7
18 134.0 42 39.6 66 16.0
21 116.0 45 34.5
Separate the baseflow and compute the volume of direct runoff assuming the base
flow varies linearly from 12.7 m3 /sec. at the beginning to 16.0 m3 /sec at the end.
Compute ordinates of 3 hr unit hydrograph. [8+8]

5. (a) Define specific yield, specific Retention and storage coefficient.

(b) Calculate the discharge in m3 /day from a tube well under the following con-
ditions.
Diameter of the well = 45 cm
Drawdown at the well = 12 m
Thickness of Aquifer = 30 m

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 3
Radius of Influence = 200 m
Coefficient of permeability = 0.01 cm/sec
Aquifer type = Unconfined. [8+8]

6. (a) What are different types of buried membrane lining. Describe.

(b) Design a channel using Lacey’s theory to carry a discharge of 100 cumecs.
Assume silt factor of 1.0. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw a neat layout of Diversion head works and indicate the various compo-
nents of the system. What are the functions of diversion head works.
(b) What are the functions of silt ejectors. Discuss the various design considera-
tions. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the design procedure of a vertical drop wier.

(b) Explain Bligh’s creep theory. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on scope of irrigation. What is meant by a multipurpose river

valley project.
(b) Explain the benefits of irrigation. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain as how the following factors affect the duty of a crop.
i. Soil and sub-soil condition
ii. Stage of growth
iii. Temperature
iv. Rainfall.
(b) Compute the depth and frequency of irrigation required for a certain crop if
root zone depth is 100 cm, field capacity is 22%, wilting point is 12%, density
o soil is 1.5 gm/c.c, consumptive use is 25 mm/day and efficiency of irrigation
is 50%. Assume 50% depletion of available moisture before application of
irrigation water at field capacity. [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the ISI standard evaporation pan with a neat sketch. In what way
it is different from USWB class A land pan.
(b) The ordinates of rainfall mass curve of a storm over a basin of area 850 Km2
measured in mm at one hour interval are
0, 10, 22, 30, 39, 45.5, 50, 55.5, 60,64 and 68
If the infiltration during this storm can be represented by Horton’s equation
with f0 =6.5 mm/hr fc= 1.5 mm/hr and k=0.15/hr, estimate the resulting runoff
volume. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain how runoff is computed from infiltration indices.

(b) What do you mean by basin yield and dependable yield. How basin yield is
estimated from water balance equation. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the occurance of Ground water in confined and unconfined aquifers
with the help of a neat sketch.
(b) The discharge from a fully penetrating well operating under steady state in a
confined aquifer of 35 m thickness is 3000 lpm. Values of drawdown at two
observation wells 12 m and 120 m away from the well are 3.0m and 0.3 m
respectively. Determine the permeability of the aquifer. [8+8]

6. (a) What are the various investigations required for a canal project (Distribution
system).Explain in brief.

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Code No: RR310102 Set No. 4
(b) Explain the limitations of Kennedies theory. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain Masonry weir with vertical drop with the help of a neat sketch.
(b) Define Afflux, maximum flood level, full supply level and escape channel.[9+7]

8. (a) What do you understand by critical gradient. What will happen if the critical
gradient is exceeded. What is Khoslas safe exit gradient.
(b) Explain how Khoslas theory is modification over Bligh’s theory. [8+8]

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