India

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This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).

Republic of India Bharat Ganrajya

Flag

Emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)

"Truth Alone Triumphs"
[1]

Anthem: Jana Gana Mana

"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
[2][3]

MENU 0:00 National song: Vande Mataram

"I Bow to Thee, Mother"
[a][1][3]

Area controlled by India shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.

Capital

New Delhi
2836.8N 7712.5E

Largest city Official languages

Mumbai

Hindi English
[show]

Recognised regional languages National language Demonym Government

8th Schedule[show] None Indian Federal parliamentary constitutional republic[1]

- President - Vice President - Prime Minister - Speaker of the House - Chief Justice Legislature - Upper house - Lower house

Pranab Mukherjee Mohammad Hamid Ansari Manmohan Singh (INC) Meira Kumar (INC) P. Sathasivam[6] Parliament of India Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Independence from the United Kingdom

- Dominion - Republic Area - Total

15 August 1947 26 January 1950

3,287,590[7] km2[b] (7th) 1,269,346 sq mi

- Water (%)

9.6 Population

- 2011 census - Density

1,210,193,422[8] (2nd) 376/km2 (31st) 973.8/sq mi

GDP (PPP) - Total - Per capita GDP (nominal) - Total - Per capita Gini (2010)

2013 estimate $4.962 trillion[9] (3rd) $3,991[9] (133rdh) 2013 estimate $1.758 trillion[9] (11th) $1,414[9] (146th) 33.9[10] medium 79th

HDI (2012)

0.554[11][12] medium 136th (medium) Currency Time zone Indian rupee ( ) (INR) IST (UTC+05:30) not observed (UTC+05:30) dd-mm-yyyy (CE) left +91 IN .in other TLDs[show]

- Summer (DST) Date format Drives on the Calling code ISO 3166 code Internet TLD

India (

/ndi/), officially the Republic of India (Bharat Ganrajya),[c] is a country in South Asia. It is

the seventh-largest country by area, thesecond-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[d] China,Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and theMaldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[13] Four world religionsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhismoriginated here, whereas Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped

shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked bynon-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi. The Indian economy is the world's eleventh-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[14] Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastestgrowing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and aregional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks eighth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federalconstitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, andmulti-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.